Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 181 (CCDC181) is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...

that in human is encoded by C1orf114, which is located at the

Chromosome 1 Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome. Humans have two copies of chromosome 1, as they do with all of the autosomes, which are the non-sex chromosomes. Chromosome 1 spans about 249 million nucleotide base pairs, which ar ...

at 1q24.2. The accession is Q5T1D7. Researches have recently revealed that CCDC 181 is a

microtubule Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nm and have an inner diameter between 11 an ...

-binding protein that interacts with

murine The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families excep ...

Hook1 in

haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively ...

male germ cells and localizes to the sperm tail and motile cilia. The disruption of Hook1 may lead to inappropriate function of

spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis. This process starts with the mitotic division of the stem cells located close to the basement membrane of the tubule ...

. The dysfunction may be related to the abnormal head shape of

sperm Sperm is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one). Animals produce motile sperm with a tail known as a flagellum, whi ...

or distinctive structural changes in

flagella A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates. A microorganism may have f ...

in sperm, which can result in

male infertility Male infertility refers to a sexually mature male's inability to impregnate a fertile female. In humans it accounts for 40–50% of infertility. It affects approximately 7% of all men. Male infertility is commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, ...

. An increased rate of my gene has found in the haploid phase of male cell during

meiosis Meiosis (; , since it is a reductional division) is a special type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing organisms that produces the gametes, such as sperm or egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that ultimately resu ...

, thus it is believed to relate to sperm cell and aid in spermatogenesis.

Expression

It is discovered that a significant high expression of CCDC 181 found on human

testis A testicle or testis (plural testes) is the male reproductive gland or gonad in all bilaterians, including humans. It is homologous to the female ovary. The functions of the testes are to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testostero ...

, which is a male

reproductive The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are als ...

gland In animals, a gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland). Structure De ...

. This is related to the study of its encoded protein-CCDC181, which relates to human infertility when in low expression. Also, high expression of protein is found in the olfactory area and cortical subplate. Researchers have studied the expression of CCDC 181 under different conditions. One of the outstanding findings is that under the coexistence of Rho GTP dissociation inhibitor, the expression of CCDC 181 is depressed. Rho GTP dissociation inhibitor has a phenomenal effect on

bladder cancer Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder. Symptoms include blood in the urine, pain with urination, and low back pain. It is caused when epithelial cells that line the bladder become mali ...

cells, so studies have suggested that CCDC 181 might also be related to bladder cancer.

Homology

Orthologs have been found mainly in

eukaryotes Eukaryotes () are organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the three domains of life. Bacte ...

, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, with the highest identity on the mammalian species. {, class="wikitable" , Genus species , Common name , Divergence from humans (MYA) , NCBI mRNA accession , Sequence identity , Sequence similarity , Length (aa) , - , ''Homo sapiens'' , Humans , -- , NM_001300968 , -- , -- , 508 , - , '' Odobenus rosmarus divergens'' , Walrus , 96 , XP_012420860 , 86% , 93% , 507 , - , ''

Physeter catodon The sperm whale or cachalot (''Physeter macrocephalus'') is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the genus '' Physeter'' and one of three extant species in the sperm whale fam ...

'' , Sperm whale , 96 , XP_007102112 , 84% , 91% , 509 , - , ''

Balaenoptera acutorostrata ''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two afore ...

scammoni'' , Minke whale , 96 , XP_007172548 , 84% , 90% , 509 , - , ''

Ictidomys tridecemlineatus The thirteen-lined ground squirrel (''Ictidomys tridecemlineatus''), also known as the striped gopher, leopard ground squirrel, squinney, (formerly known as the leopard-spermophile in the age of Audubon), is a ground squirrel that is widely distr ...

'' , Thirteen-lined ground squirrel , 90 , XP_021578354 , 81% , 90% , 507 , - , ''

Octodon degus The common degu (''Octodon degus''; ), or, historically, the degu, is a small hystricomorpha rodent endemic to the Chilean matorral ecoregion of central Chile. The name ''degu'' on its own indicates either the entire genus '' Octodon'' or, more ...

'' , Degu , 90 , XP_023564408 , 80% , 89% , 537 , - , ''

Rousettus aegyptiacus The Egyptian fruit bat or Egyptian rousette (''Rousettus aegyptiacus'') is a species of megabat that is found in Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and the Indian subcontinent. It is one of three ''Rousettus'' species with an African-Ma ...

'' , Egyptian fruit bat , 96 , XP_016004092 , 78% , 88% , 505 , - , ''

Pteropus vampyrus The large flying fox (''Pteropus vampyrus'', formerly ''Pteropus giganteus''), also known as the greater flying fox, Malayan flying fox, Malaysian flying fox, large fruit bat, kalang, or kalong, is a southeast Asian species of megabat in the fam ...

'' , Large flying fox , 96 , XP_023393329 , 78% , 89% , 522 , - , ''

Condylura cristata The star-nosed mole (''Condylura cristata'') is a small semiaquatic mole found in moist, low areas in the northern parts of North America. It is the only extant member of the tribe Condylurini and genus ''Condylura'', and it has more than 25,0 ...

'' , star-nosed mole , 96 , XP_004688522 , 78% , 87% , 508 , - , ''

Mustela putorius The European polecat (''Mustela putorius''), also known as the common polecat, black polecat, or forest polecat, is a species of Mustelidae, mustelid native to western Eurasia and North Africa. It is of a generally dark brown colour, with a pal ...

furo'' , Ferret , 96 , XP_004756715 , 69% , 78% , 459 , - , ''

Nestor notabilis The kea (; ; ''Nestor notabilis'') is a species of large parrot in the family Nestoridae found in the forested and alpine regions of the South Island of New Zealand. About long, it is mostly olive-green with a brilliant orange under its wing ...

'' , Kea , 312 , XP_010014066 , 56% , 72% , 498 , - , ''

Pelodiscus sinensis The Chinese softshell turtle (''Pelodiscus sinensis'') is a species of softshell turtle that is native to China (Inner Mongolia to Guangxi, including Hong Kong) and Taiwan, with records of escapees—some of which have established introduced po ...

'' , Chinese softshell turtle , 312 , XP_006112275 , 55% , 73% , 512 , - , ''

Sorex araneus The common shrew (''Sorex araneus''), also known as the Eurasian shrew, is the most common shrew, and one of the most common mammals, throughout Northern Europe, including Great Britain, but excluding Ireland. It is long and weighs , and has ve ...

'' , shrew , 96 , XP_012789334 , 55% , 71% , 502 , - , ''

Chelonia mydas The green sea turtle (''Chelonia mydas''), also known as the green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle, is a species of large sea turtle of the Family (biology), family Cheloniidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Chelonia' ...

'' , Green sea turtle , 312 , XP_007061692 , 54% , 72% , 517 , - , ''

Xenopus tropicalis The western clawed frog (''Xenopus tropicalis'') is a species of frog in the family Pipidae, also known as tropical clawed frog. It is the only species in the genus ''Xenopus'' to have a diploid genome. Its genome has been sequenced, making it a ...

'' , western clawed frog , 352 , XP_012813116 , 42% , 61% , 471 , - , '' Lonchura striata domestica'' , society finch , 312 , XP_021404557 , 40% , 61% , 488 , - , ''

Nanorana parkeri ''Nanorana parkeri'' (common names: High Himalaya frog, Xizang Plateau frog, Parker's slow frog, mountain slow frog) is a species of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae. It is found in Tibet ( China) and in Nepal, but it is expected to be found als ...

'' , High Himalaya frog , 352 , XP_018423291 , 36% , 56% , 334 , - , '' Scleropages formosus'' , Asian arowana , 435 , XP_018603557 , 35% , 55% , 389 , - , ''

Hippocampus comes The tiger tail seahorse (''Hippocampus comes'') is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae. The species was first described by Theodore Cantor in 1850. It is found in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet ...

'' , Tiger tail seahorse , 435 , XP_019735712 , 29% , 44% , 439 Genes on human chromosome 1