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Boro (बर'/बड़ो ), also called Bodo, is the largest
ethnolinguistic Ethnolinguistics (sometimes called cultural linguistics) is an area of anthropological linguistics that studies the relationship between a language and the nonlinguistic cultural behavior of the people who speak that language. __NOTOC__ Examples ...
group in the
Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ...
state of
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. They are a part of the greater Bodo-Kachari family of ethnolinguistic groups and are spread across
northeastern India , native_name_lang = mni , settlement_type = , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = , motto = , image_map = Northeast india.png , ...
. They are concentrated mainly in the
Bodoland Territorial Region The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), informally Bodoland, is an autonomous region and a proposed state in Assam, Northeast India. It is made up of five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river below the foothills of Bhutan and Ar ...
of Assam, though Boros inhabit all other districts of Assam and Meghalaya. Boros are officially listed as "Boro, Borokachari"
scheduled tribe The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...
under the
Constitution of India The Constitution of India (IAST: ) is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental ri ...
. Boros speak the Boro language, a Boro-Garo language of the
Tibeto-Burman The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non- Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people spea ...
family, which is recognised as one of twenty-two
Scheduled languages of India There is no national language in India. However, article 343(1) of the Indian constitution specifically mentions that, "The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official pur ...
. Over two-thirds of the people are bilingual, speaking Assamese as second language. The Boro along with other cognate groups of Bodo-Kachari peoples are prehistoric settlers who are believed to have migrated at least 3000 years ago. Boros are mostly settled farmers, who have traditional irrigation, dong. The Boro people are recognised as a plains tribe in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, and have special powers in the
Bodoland Territorial Region The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), informally Bodoland, is an autonomous region and a proposed state in Assam, Northeast India. It is made up of five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river below the foothills of Bhutan and Ar ...
, an autonomous division; and also as a minority people.


Etymology

Boro is the self-designation or autonym of the community. ''Boro'' comes from ''Bara-fisa'', which means "son of Bara", and ''Bara'' stands for "man" or "male member" of the group. In the cognate language
Kokborok Kokborok (also known as Tripuri or Tiprakok) is the main native language of the Tripuri people of the Indian state of Tripura and neighbouring areas of Bangladesh. Its name comes from ''kok'' meaning "verbal" and ''borok'' meaning "people" or ...
, ''Borok'' means man ('k' being a suffix for nouns) and so logically, ''Boro'' would mean ''man'' even in the Boro language. Generally, the word ''Boro'' means a ''man'', in the wider sense ''Boro'' means a ''human being'' (but not specific to a female member of the family) in the languages used by the Bodo-Kachari peoples.


History

After the breakup of
Kamarupa Kamarupa (; also called Pragjyotisha or Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa), an early state during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, was (along with Davaka) the first historical kingdom of Assam. Though Kamarupa prevailed from 350 to 11 ...
around the 12th century till the colonial times (19th century) and beyond different groups that included the Boro people settled in different ecological regions but the constant movements of peoples led to the development of distinctive but hybrid cultural practices. According to , even as different state systems emerged, expanded, and fell—such as the Mughals, the Koch, the
Ahom Ahom may refer to: *Ahom people, an ethnic community in Assam * Ahom language, a language associated with the Ahom people *Ahom religion, an ethnic folk religion of Tai-Ahom people *Ahom alphabet, a script used to write the Ahom language * Ahom kin ...
s, and
British colonialism The British Empire was composed of the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. I ...
—the Boros resisted entry into their fiscal systems and moved slowly but continuously to avoid them. Due to the expansion of these states and the expansion of tenured peasantry, the Boros finally converged close to the forested regions of the lower Himalayan foothills. In this habitat, the Boros practised
shifting cultivation Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned while post-disturbance fallow vegetation is allowed to freely grow while the cultivator moves on to another plot. The period of cul ...
for self-sustenance and controlled forest products. To cultivate in this difficult terrain the Boros developed innovative low-cost irrigation systems that supported shifting cultivation. Landholding, sowing and harvesting, irrigation, and hunting were all performed collectively. As those who controlled forest based produce, they emerged as intermediaries in the trade in these as well as other goods between the plains and the hills and complex relationships developed. The Boros remained shifting cultivators at least till the 18th century and then slowly became less mobile; even during the colonial period, most Boros refused permanent land tenure or made no effort to secure landholding documents. When the Koch kingdom consolidated its rule in the 16th century into the regions that the Boro people had settled in, it demarcated the region north of the Gohain Kamal Ali—which came to be called the
Duars The Dooars or Duars ( as, দুৱাৰ, duar, rkt, দুৱাৰ, duar, bn, দুয়ার, duyar) () are the alluvial floodplains in eastern-northeastern India that lie south of the outer foothills of the Himalayas and north of the ...
—as the region where non-Brahmin culture could thrive. The Ahoms too made special arrangements with
Bhutan Bhutan (; dz, འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, Druk Yul ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan,), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is situated in the Eastern Himalayas, between China in the north and India in the south. A mountainous ...
in the 17th/18th centuries to share administrative and fiscal responsibilities. But when the British banned forest lands from being used for cultivation in the last quarter of the 19th century the Boros suffered a major habitat loss since the forest lands historically used for shifting cultivation and the source of other produce suddenly became unavailable to them. To alienate indigenous peasants from their lands was a stated colonial aim, to make them available as labour in other enterprises.


Boro identity formation

Boros identity formation began in the colonial period, when the Boro elite and intelligentsia began differentiating themselves from the Assamese
caste Caste is a form of social stratification characterised by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultura ...
-
Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
society."Bodos, who have historically shared their home with other communities in the Assam valley, were one of the first communities in the plains to challenge the Assamese
hegemony Hegemony (, , ) is the political, economic, and military predominance of one State (polity), state over other states. In Ancient Greece (8th BC – AD 6th ), hegemony denoted the politico-military dominance of the ''hegemon'' city-state over oth ...
. Under a broader appellate of Bodo-Kachari, they galvanized a political movement, mobilizing a separate identity from the caste-
Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
Assamese community."
The Boro, as well as many other communities as also much of the indigenous elite, were not exposed to education till the end of the 19th century, and it was by the early 20th century when a class of Boro/Kachari publicists finally emerged—a small Kachari elite formed in the early 20th century from among traders, school teachers and contractors. Foremost among them was Kalicharan Brahma, a trader from
Goalpara Goalpara, Pron: ) is the district headquarters of Goalpara district, Assam, India. It is situated to the west of Guwahati. Etymology The name Goalpara is said to have originated from the word "Gwaltippika" meaning Guwali village, or The villa ...
who established a new
monotheistic Monotheism is the belief that there is only one deity, an all-supreme being that is universally referred to as God. Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Monotheism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford ...
faith called "
Brahma Brahma ( sa, ब्रह्मा, Brahmā) is a Hindu god, referred to as "the Creator" within the Trimurti, the trinity of supreme divinity that includes Vishnu, and Shiva.Jan Gonda (1969)The Hindu Trinity Anthropos, Bd 63/64, H 1/2, pp. 21 ...
-ism" and most importantly, claimed for himself and his peers a new Bodo Identity. Whereas earlier the only avenue for social mobility was conversion into a low-caste Hindu group, the Boros have now created an additional avenue that was respectful and independent, and by the 1921 census the Boros began giving up their tribal names and identifying themselves as ''Boro'' by caste and language and ''Brahma'' by religion. Additional avenues, via conversion to
Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...
, were already available by the late 19th century especially with the evangelical work of Sidney Endle who is also known for his tome "The Kacharis", and this formed a parallel stream of Boro articulation till much later times. ''Bodo'' was a term first reported by
Brian Houghton Hodgson Brian Houghton Hodgson (1 February 1800 or more likely 1801 – 23 May 1894) was a pioneer naturalist and ethnologist working in India and Nepal where he was a British Resident. He described numerous species of birds and mammals from the Himala ...
(1847) as a
endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...
that, he speculated, encompassed a wide group of peoples, and this notion of a wide group was picked up by Kalicharan Brahma and his peers. In parallel there were those like Jadunath Khakhlari who rejected ''Bodo'' as a neologism, and emphasized the use of the name ''Kachari'' instead and pointed to the contributions of the Kachari language to Assamese to lay claim to it and to the political legacy of the past. Those of the Kacharis who preferred to progress socially by initiation into the
Ekasarana Dharma Ekasarana Dharma (literally: ''Shelter-in-One religion'') is a neo-Vaishnavite monolithic religion propagated by Srimanta Sankardeva in the 15th-16th century in the Indian state of Assam. It reduced focus on vedic ritualism and focuses on d ...
are called
Sarania Kachari The Sarania Kachari is an ethnic community in the state of Assam, Northeast India. Members of this community are mostly found in the districts of Kamrup (Metro), Kamrup (Rural), Nalbari, Baksa, Udalguri, Darrang, Barpeta, Dhemaji and Bongaigoan ...
and are not considered as Boros today.


Pre-political Boro associations

The period from 1919 saw the emergence of different Boro organizations: ''Bodo Chatra Sanmilan'' (Bodo Students Association), ''Kachari Chatra Sanmilan'' (Kachari Students Association), ''Bodo Maha Sanmilan'' (Greater Bodo Association), ''Kachari Jatiyo Sanmilan'' (Kachari Community Association), etc. These organizations pushed divergent means for social and political progress. For example, ''Bodo Chatra Sanmilan'' advocated giving up tribal attributes and wanted women to follow the ideals of ''Sita'' of
Ramayana The ''Rāmāyana'' (; sa, रामायणम्, ) is a Sanskrit literature, Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epic composed over a period of nearly a millennium, with scholars' estimates for the earliest stage of the text ranging from the 8th ...
. Even as self-assertive politics was on, the Boros were not ready to severe their relationship with the greater Assamese society, with even Kalicharan Brahma advocating Assamese as the medium of instruction in schools,"On the question of territorial transfer of
Goalpara Goalpara, Pron: ) is the district headquarters of Goalpara district, Assam, India. It is situated to the west of Guwahati. Etymology The name Goalpara is said to have originated from the word "Gwaltippika" meaning Guwali village, or The villa ...
to
Bengal Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...
, members of the various Kachari organisations claimed themselves to be Assamese on the basis of cultural affinity. As mentioned earlier, Kalicharan Brahma's efforts to introduce Assamese as the medium of instruction also point to a parallel political and cultural identification to an Assamese identity."
and Boro associations seeking patronage from Assamese figures who showed sympathy for their cause. In the absence of an acknowledged past history of
state formation State formation is the process of the development of a centralized government structure in a situation where one did not exist prior to its development. State formation has been a study of many disciplines of the social sciences for a number of ...
, the associations felt particularly pressed to show that the Boros were not primitive as some other tribal groups and at the same time did not fall into the caste-
Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
hierarchy. The demand for community rights was made for the first time when at the 1929
Simon Commission The Indian Statutory Commission also known as Simon Commission, was a group of seven Members of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. The commission arrived in India in 1928 to study constitutional reform in Britain's largest a ...
the Boro leaders evoked colonial imagery of backward tribes and requested protection in the form of reserved representation in local and central legislatures. The Boro delegation to the Simon Commission included, among others, Kalicharan Brahma and Jadav Khakhlari. The delegation submitted that Goalpara should remain with Assam and should not be included with
Bengal Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...
; and that the Boros were culturally close to the Assamese.


Boros in colonial tribal politics

''Tribe'', and ''Plains Tribes'', were new social categories introduced by the colonial authorities—the only human category in the pre-colonial times was '' jati''—and the elites from these social groups, including that from the Boros, used these categories for political articulation. The ''Tribal League'', a full political organisation, emerged in 1933 as the common platform for all ''plains tribes'' of the Brahmaputra valley. This formation excluded the ''hills tribes'' which were not allowed political participation. The Tribal League, which included Boro leaders such as Rabi Chandra Kachari and Rupnath Brahma, succeeded in protecting the Line system in 1937 against the proposal by the Muslim League.


Language

The Boro language is a member of the
Sino-Tibetan Sino-Tibetan, also cited as Trans-Himalayan in a few sources, is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers. The vast majority of these are the 1.3 billion native speakers of Chinese languages. ...
language family. It belongs to the Boro–Garo group of the
Tibeto-Burman languages The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people speak ...
branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. It is an
official language An official language is a language given supreme status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically the term "official language" does not refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government (e.g. judiciary, ...
of the state of
Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ...
and the
Bodoland Territorial Region The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), informally Bodoland, is an autonomous region and a proposed state in Assam, Northeast India. It is made up of five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river below the foothills of Bhutan and Ar ...
of
India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
. It is also one of the twenty-two languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the
Constitution of India The Constitution of India (IAST: ) is the supreme law of India. The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental ri ...
.


Religion

Traditionally, Boros practised
Bathouism Bathouism (also, Bathou) is the folk religion of the Boro people of Assam in Northeast India. The name ('','' five; '','' deep) in Boro means ''five principles''. The five principles are: (air), (fire), (earth), (water) and (ether). The ...
, which is the worshiping of
supreme God In monotheistic thought, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith. Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995. God is typically ...
, known as ''Obonglaoree''. The shijou tree (in the genus ''
Euphorbia ''Euphorbia'' is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the family Euphorbiaceae. "Euphorbia" is sometimes used in ordinary English to collectively refer to all members of Euphorbiaceae (in deference to t ...
'') is taken as the symbol of Bathou and worshiped. It is also claimed as the supreme god. In the Boro language, Ba means five and thou means deep. Since Boros believe in the five mighty elements of God – land, water, air, fire, and ether – the number five has become significant in the Bathou culture, which is similar to the five elements of other Asian religions. According to Bathouism, before the creation of the universe there was simply a great
void Void may refer to: Science, engineering, and technology * Void (astronomy), the spaces between galaxy filaments that contain no galaxies * Void (composites), a pore that remains unoccupied in a composite material * Void, synonym for vacuum, a ...
, in which the
supreme being In monotheistic thought, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith. Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995. God is typically ...
'Aham Guru', Anan Binan Gosai or Obonglaoree existed formlessly. Aham Guru became tired of living a formless existence and desired to live in flesh and blood. He descended on this great void with all human characteristics and created the universe. In addition to Bathouism, Boro people have also been converted to
Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...
, especially Hoom Jaygya. For this worship through fire ceremony, a clean surface near a home or courtyard is prepared. Usually, worship offerings include a
betel nut The betel (''Piper betle'') is a vine of the family Piperaceae, which includes pepper and kava. The betel plant is native to Southeast Asia. It is an evergreen, dioecious perennial, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkins. Betel plan ...
called a 'goi' and a betel leaf called a 'pathwi' or 'bathwi' and rice, milk, and sugar. Another important Hindu festival, the Kherai Puja, where an altar is placed in a rice field, is the most important festival of the Boros. However, caste and dowry practices are not practised by the majority of Boro Hindus, who follow a set of rules called Brahma Dharma.
Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global pop ...
is followed by around 10% of the Boros and is predominantly of the
Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only (believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul compete ...
denomination. The major Boro Churches associations are the
Boro Baptist Convention Boro Baptist Convention or BBC is a Baptist churches convention based in Assam, India, with more than 52,000 members and 354 congregations as of 2014. The Boro Baptist Convention was established in 1914 and completed its centenary celebrations i ...
and
Boro Baptist Church Association The Boro Baptist Church Association (BBCA) is a Baptist Christian denomination in the state of Assam (Northeast India). Established in 1927 by the American Baptist Missionaries and later nurtured by Australian Baptist Missionary Society ABMS (now ...


Folk tradition and mythology

The history of the Boro people can be explained from folk traditions. According to
Padma Bhushan The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service ...
winner Suniti Kumar Chatterjee, mythologically, Boros are "the offspring of son of the Vishnu (
Baraha Baraha is a word processing application for creating documents in Indian languages. It was developed by Sheshadrivasu Chandrasekharan with an intention to provide a software to enable and encourage Indians use their native languages on the co ...
) and Mother-Earth ( Basumati)" who were termed "Kiratas" during the Epic period.


Social groups

''Aroi'' or ''Ari'' or ''Ary'' is a suffix in Boro language, which means ''folk.'' Some of the important clans of Boros are: #''Swargiary'': The priestly clan, with ''Deoris'' and ''Ojhas'' selected from this clan. #''
Basumatary Basumatary or Basumatari is a surname found among the Boro people of north-eastern India. Basumatary comes from the word ''Basumati-ároi'', meaning Earth-folk. The members of the clan cannot bury their dead or erect a funeral pyre without payin ...
'': The land-holding clan. #''
Narzary Narzary, Narjinari or Narjinary is one of the most common surname amongst the Boro community of Assam, India. Notable people People with surname Narzary who may or may not belong to this specific community * Halicharan Narzary, Indian football ...
'': The clan associated with the jute cultivation and supply. #''
Mosahary Mosahary (also Baghlary) is a surname found among the Boro people of north-eastern India. Mosahary comes from the word ''Mosa-ároi'', meaning Tiger-folk and Baghlary is Sanskrit term for Mosahary. Notable people People with this surname includ ...
'': This clan is associated with the protection of cattle. #''Goyary'': This clan is associated with the cultivation of areca nuts. #''Owary'': This clan is associated with the supply of bamboos. #''Khakhlary'': This clan is associated with the supply of Khangkhala plant required for ''kherai puja''. #''Daimary'': This clan is associated with the river. #''Lahari'': This clan is associated with the collection of leaves in large quantities for the festival. #''Hajoary'': The Boros that lived in the hills and foothills. #''Kherkatari'': The Boros associated with thatch and its supply, found mostly in
Kamrup district Kamrup Rural district, or simply Kamrup district (Pron: ˈkæmˌrəp or ˈkæmˌru:p), is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India formed by dividing the old Kamrup district into two in the year 2003; other being Kamrup Metrop ...
. #''Sibingari'': The Boros traditionally associated with raising and supply of sesame. #''Bingiari'': The Boros associated with musical instruments. #''Ramchiary'': Ramsa is place name in kamrup. It is the name by which Boros were known to their brethren in the hills. #''Mahilary'': This clan is associated with collection of tax from Mahallas. Mahela and Mahalia are the variant forms of Mahilary clan.


Gallery

File:Bodo-Kachari 2.jpg, Boro women at Hornbill Festival File:Kherai Dance of Assam.jpg, Kherai Group Dance File:Kachári Girls playing Gogona.jpg, Boro woman playing harp


Notable people

*
Rajni Basumatary Rajni Basumatary is an Indian filmmaker and actress, best known for her role of Mary Kom's mother (Mangte Akham Kom) in the 2014 Hindi film ''Mary Kom''. Basumatary has written and produced the highly acclaimed feature film ''Anurag''. Her direc ...
Filmmaker and actress * Ankushita Boro, Indian boxer * Jamuna Boro, Indian boxer *
Pramod Boro Pramod Boro (born 1 March 1975) is an Indian politician serving as the president of The United People's Party Liberal (UPPL) since 25 February 2020 and Chief Executive Member of the Bodoland Territorial Region, Chief Executive Member of Bodoland ...
, Former President of ABSU, President of UPPL,
CEM Cem Sultan (also spelled Djem or Jem) or Sultan Cem or Şehzade Cem (December 22, 1459 – February 25, 1495, ; ota, جم سلطان, Cem sulṭān; tr, Cem Sultan; french: Zizim), was a claimant to the Ottoman throne in the 15th century. Ce ...
of
Bodoland Territorial Council The Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) is an autonomous council for the Bodoland Territorial Region established under 6th Schedule of The Constitution of India according to the Memorandum of Settlement between Bodoland Liberation Tiger Force (B ...
* Harishankar Brahma 19th
Chief Election Commissioner of India The Chief Election Commissioner of India heads the Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections to the national and state legislatures and of President and Vice-President. This power of t ...
*
Upendra Nath Brahma Upendranath Brahma (31 March 1956 – 1 May 1990) was an Indian Bodo social activist and the former president of All Bodo Students' Union. Early life and education Brahma was born in Boragari village of Dotma, a small township at Kokrajhar di ...
, Boro activist, known by the title ''Bodofa'' *
Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary Sansuma Khunggur Bwiswmuthiary (born 1 January 1960) is a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He represents the Kokrajhar constituency of Assam. He is an Independent. Bwiswmuthiary has been elected to the Lok Sabha as an independent candida ...
, former
Member of parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...
*
Hagrama Mohilary Hagrama Mohilary (born 1 March 1969) is an Indian politician who has served as the Chief Executive Member of the Bodoland Territorial Council. Mohilary was elected as the Chief of Executive Committee of the Bodoland Territorial Council which c ...
, president of
Bodoland People's Front The Bodoland People's Front (BPF) is a state political party in Assam, India. The party is headquartered in Kokrajhar Town and previously was in ruling government in the autonomous region of Bodoland. The party joined United Progressive Allianc ...
political party and former Chief Executive Member of
Bodoland Territorial Council The Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) is an autonomous council for the Bodoland Territorial Region established under 6th Schedule of The Constitution of India according to the Memorandum of Settlement between Bodoland Liberation Tiger Force (B ...
. *
Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary (born 1947) is an Indian politician who was the Governor of Meghalaya, a state in northeast India, from 2008 to 2013 (1 July 2008 to 6 July 2013). Previously he was an IPS officer, director-general of National Security ...
, former governor of
Meghalaya Meghalaya (, or , meaning "abode of clouds"; from Sanskrit , "cloud" + , "abode") is a states and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the state of As ...
, retired IPS officer, former director-general of
National Security Guards The National Security Guard (NSG), commonly known as Black Cats, is a counter-terrorism unit of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was founded on 16 October 1984, following Operation Blue Star, for combating terrorist activities and p ...
(NSG) and the
Border Security Force The Border Security Force (BSF) is India's border guarding organisation on its border with Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is one of the seven Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) of India, and was raised in the wake of the 1965 war on 1 December 1 ...
(BSF) *
Halicharan Narzary Halicharan Narzary ( Bodo हलिचरन नार्जारी born 10 May 1994) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Indian Super League club Bengaluru. Club career Youth career Narzary first started playin ...
, Indian footballer *
Proneeta Swargiary Proneeta Swargiary is an Indian dancer. She is the winner of the dance reality show '' DID Season 5''. Originally from the Baksa Bodoland Territorial Region, in Assam, she became a resident of Delhi after her family moved. Personal life Pron ...
Dance India Dance (season 5) ''Dance India Dance'' (also called by the acronym ''DID''; tagline: ''Dance Ka Asli ID D.I.D.'') is an Indian Hindi-language dance competition reality television series that airs on Zee TV, created and produced by Essel Vision Productions. It ...
Winner


See also

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Bodo Sahitya Sabha The Bodo Sahitya Sabha promotes the Bodo language and Bodo literature. It was founded under the presidency and leadership of Joy Bhadra Hagjer, at Basugaon, in the district of Kokrajhar, Assam on 16 November 1952. It consisted of representat ...
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Bodo culture Boro culture is the culture of the Boro people in Assam. For long, the Boros have been farmers living in an Agrarian society with a strong tradition of fishery, poultry, piggery, with rice and jute cultivation, and betel nut plantation. They mak ...
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Ual (tool) Ual (pronounced as ''woo-aal''), also known as Ural, is a sand clock-shaped grinding tool used by the Bodo people. Since forests have abounded in Assam for centuries, wood is used to make an ual. From a tree trunk, a circular core is carved ou ...


References


Bibliography

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Further reading

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External links

*{{Commons category-inline Ethnic groups in Northeast India Tribes of Assam Sino-Tibetan-speaking people Bodo-Kachari * Hindu ethnic groups Social groups of Assam Ethnic groups in South Asia Linguistic groups of the constitutionally recognised official languages of India