Birds Of Europe

In this article, Europe refers to the geographical continent, not the somewhat larger Western Palearctic, which includes parts of the Middle East and north Africa.

There are 930 species of bird in the area, and in general the avifauna is similar to Asia north of the Himalayas, which is also in the Palearctic realm. There are also many groups shared with North America. 65 species are globally threatened, 4 species are extinct, and 18 species are introduced by people.

Conversely, many of the Southern Hemisphere groups, including the ancient flightless '' Struthioniformes'' (ostrich order), and their relatives the tinamous are not represented at all.

The order follows th
''IOC World Bird List''
version 12.2.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Europe
* (E) Endemic - a species endemic to Europe
* (Ext) Extinct - a species that no longer exists
* (Ex) Extirpated - a species that is extinct in the wild in Europe
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Europe as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

Guineafowl

Order: GalliformesFamily: Numididae

Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.

* Helmeted guineafowl, ''Numida meleagris'' (I)

Pheasants and allies

Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae

Pheasants and allies are terrestrial species, feeding and nesting on the ground. They are variable in size but generally plump, with broad and relatively short wings.

*Hazel grouse, ''Tetrastes bonasia''
*Western capercaillie, ''Tetrao urogallus''
*Black grouse, ''Lyrurus tetrix''
*Rock ptarmigan, ''Lagopus muta''
*Willow ptarmigan, ''Lagopus lagopus''
*Rock partridge, ''Alectoris graeca''
*Chukar partridge, ''Alectoris chukar''
* Barbary partridge, ''Alectoris barbara''
*Red-legged partridge, ''Alectoris rufa''
* Black francolin, ''Francolinus francolinus'' (Ex)
*Grey partridge, ''Perdix perdix''
* Common quail, ''Coturnix coturnix''
*Reeves's pheasant, ''Syrmaticus reevesii'' (I)
*Common pheasant, ''Phasianus colchicus'' (I)
*Golden pheasant, ''Chrysolophus pictus'' (I)
*Lady Amherst's pheasant, ''Chrysolophus amherstiae'' (I)

Ducks, geese, and swans

Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

The swans, ducks and geese are medium to large birds that are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet and bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent. In many ducks the male is colourful while the female is dull brown. The diet consists of a variety of animals and plants. The family is well represented in Europe with many introduced species as well.

* White-faced whistling duck, ''Dendrocygna viduata'' (A)
*Brant goose, ''Branta bernicla''
*Red-breasted goose, ''Branta ruficollis''
*Canada goose, ''Branta canadensis''
*Barnacle goose, ''Branta leucopsis''
* Cackling goose, ''Branta hutchinsii'' (A)
*Bar-headed goose, ''Anser indicus'' (A)
*Ross's goose, ''Anser rossii'' (A)
*Snow goose, ''Anser caerulescens''
*Greylag goose, ''Anser anser''
*Taiga bean goose, ''Anser fabalis''
*Pink-footed goose, ''Anser brachyrhynchus''
*Tundra bean goose, ''Anser serrirostris''
*Greater white-fronted goose, ''Anser albifrons''
*Lesser white-fronted goose, ''Anser erythropus''
*Mute swan, ''Cygnus olor''
*Tundra swan, ''Cygnus columbianus''
*Whooper swan, ''Cygnus cygnus''
*Egyptian goose, ''Alopochen aegyptiaca''
*Common shelduck, ''Tadorna tadorna''
*Ruddy shelduck, ''Tadorna ferruginea''
*Wood duck, ''Aix sponsa''
*Mandarin duck, ''Aix galericulata'' (I)
*Baikal teal, ''Sibirionetta formosa'' (A)
*Garganey, ''Spatula querquedula''
*Cinnamon teal, ''Spatula cyanoptera'' (A)
*Blue-winged teal, ''Spatula discors'' (A)
*Northern shoveler, ''Spatula clypeata''
*Gadwall, ''Mareca strepera''
*Falcated duck, ''Mareca falcata'' (A)
*Eurasian wigeon, ''Mareca penelope''
*American wigeon, ''Mareca americana'' (A)
*Mallard, ''Anas platyrhynchos''
*American black duck, ''Anas rubripes'' (A)
*Northern pintail, ''Anas acuta''
*Eurasian teal, ''Anas crecca''
*Green-winged teal, ''Anas carolinensis''
*Marbled duck, ''Marmaronetta angustirostris''
*Red-crested pochard, ''Netta rufina''
*Canvasback, ''Aythya valisineria'' (A)
*Redhead, ''Aythya americana'' (A)
*Common pochard, ''Aythya ferina''
*Ferruginous duck, ''Aythya nyroca''
*Ring-necked duck, ''Aythya collaris'' (A)
*Tufted duck, ''Aythya fuligula''
*Greater scaup, ''Aythya marila''
*Lesser scaup, ''Aythya affinis'' (A)
*Steller's eider, ''Polysticta stelleri''
*Spectacled eider, ''Somateria fischeri'' (A)
*King eider, '' Somateria spectabilis''
*Common eider, ''Somateria mollissima''
*Harlequin duck, ''Histrionicus histrionicus''
*Surf scoter, ''Melanitta perspicillata'' (A)
*Velvet scoter, ''Melanitta fusca''
*White-winged scoter, ''Melanitta deglandi''
*Stejneger's scoter, ''Melanitta stejnegeri''
*Common scoter, ''Melanitta nigra''
*Black scoter, ''Melanitta americana''
*Long-tailed duck, ''Clangula hyemalis''
*Bufflehead, ''Bucephala albeola'' (A)
*Common goldeneye, ''Bucephala clangula''
*Barrow's goldeneye, ''Bucephala islandica''
*Smew, ''Mergellus albellus''
*Hooded merganser, ''Lophodytes cucullatus'' (A)
*Common merganser, ''Mergus merganser''
*Red-breasted merganser, ''Mergus serrator''
*Ruddy duck, ''Oxyura jamaicensis''
*White-headed duck, ''Oxyura leucocephala''

Nightjars

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.

*Common nighthawk, ''Chordeiles minor'' (A)
*Red-necked nightjar, ''Caprimulgus ruficollis''
*European nightjar, ''Caprimulgus europaeus''
*Egyptian nightjar, ''Caprimulgus aegyptius'' (A)

Swifts

Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces.

* White-throated needletail, ''Hirundapus caudacutus'' (A)
*Chimney swift, ''Chaetura pelagica'' (A)
* Alpine swift, ''Tachymarptis melba''
*Common swift, ''Apus apus''
*Plain swift, ''Apus unicolor''
*Pallid swift, ''Apus pallidus''
*Pacific swift, ''Apus pacifica'' (A)
*Little swift, ''Apus affinis''
*White-rumped swift, ''Apus caffer''

Bustards

Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

*Great bustard, ''Otis tarda''
*Houbara bustard, ''Chlamydotis undulata'' (A)
*Macqueen's bustard, ''Chlamydotis macqueenii'' (A)
*Little bustard, ''Tetrax tetrax''

Cuckoos

Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

* Great spotted cuckoo, ''Clamator glandarius''
*Yellow-billed cuckoo, ''Coccyzus americanus'' (A)
*Black-billed cuckoo, ''Coccyzus erythropthalmus'' (A)
*Rufous hawk-cuckoo, ''Hierococcyx hyperythrus'' (A)
*Himalayan cuckoo, ''Cuculus saturatus'' (A)
*Oriental cuckoo, ''Cuculus optatus'' (A)
*Common cuckoo, ''Cuculus canorus''

Sandgrouse

Order: PterocliformesFamily: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

*Pallas's sandgrouse, ''Syrrhaptes paradoxus'' (A)
*Pin-tailed sandgrouse, ''Pterocles alchata''
* Black-bellied sandgrouse, ''Pterocles orientalis''

Pigeons and doves

Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

*Rock dove, ''Columba livia''
* Stock dove, ''Columba oenas''
*Common wood pigeon, ''Columba palumbus''
*Trocaz pigeon, ''Columba trocaz''
*Bolle's pigeon, ''Columba bollii''
*Laurel pigeon, ''Columba junoniae''
*European turtle dove, ''Streptopelia turtur''
*Oriental turtle dove, ''Streptopelia orientalis'' (A)
*Eurasian collared dove, ''Streptopelia decaocto''
*African collared dove, ''Streptopelia roseogrisea'' (I)
*Laughing dove, ''Streptopelia senegalensis''
*Passenger pigeon, ''Ectopistes migratorius'' (Ext)
*Mourning dove, ''Zenaida macroura'' (A)
*Zenaida dove, ''Zenaida aurita'' (A)

Rails, crakes, and coots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

*Virginia rail, ''Rallus limicola'' (A)
*Water rail, ''Rallus aquaticus''
* African crake, ''Crecopsis egregia'' (A)
*Corn crake, ''Crex crex''
* Sora, ''Porzana carolina'' (A)
*Spotted crake, ''Porzana porzana''
*Lesser moorhen, ''Paragallinula angulata'' (A)
*Common gallinule, ''Gallinula galeata'' (A)
*Common moorhen, ''Gallinula chloropus''
*Eurasian coot, ''Fulica atra''
*Red-knobbed coot, ''Fulica cristata''
*American coot, ''Fulica americana'' (A)
* Allen's gallinule, ''Porphyrio alleni'' (A)
* Purple gallinule, ''Porphyrio martinica'' (A)
*Western swamphen, ''Porphyrio porphyrio''
*African swamphen, ''Porphyrio madagascariensis'' (A)
*Grey-headed swamphen, ''Porphyrio poliocephalus'' (A)
*Baillon's crake, ''Zapornia pusilla''
*Little crake, ''Zapornia parva''
* Striped crake, ''Aenigmatolimnas marginalis'' (A)
*Watercock, ''Gallicrex cinerea'' (A)

Cranes

Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

*Siberian crane, ''Leucogeranus leucogeranus''
*Sandhill crane, ''Antigone canadensis'' (A)
* Demoiselle crane, ''Grus virgo''
*Common crane, ''Grus grus''
*Hooded crane, ''Grus monacha'' (A)

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large diving birds with lobed toes and pointed bills. They are seen mainly on lowland waterbodies and coasts. They feed on aquatic animals and nest on a floating platform of vegetation.

*Little grebe, ''Tachybaptus ruficollis''
*Pied-billed grebe, ''Podilymbus podiceps'' (A)
*Red-necked grebe, ''Podiceps grisegena''
*Great crested grebe, ''Podiceps cristatus''
*Horned grebe, ''Podiceps auritus''
*Black-necked grebe, ''Podiceps nigricollis''

Flamingos

Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

*Greater flamingo, ''Phoenicopterus roseus''
*American flamingo, ''Phoenicopterus ruber'' (A)
*Lesser flamingo, ''Phoenicopterus minor'' (A)

Buttonquail

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

*Common buttonquail, ''Turnix sylvaticus''

Stone-curlews and thick-knees

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

*Eurasian stone-curlew, ''Burhinus oedicnemus''

Oystercatchers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

*American oystercatcher, ''Haematopus palliatus'' (A)
*Canary Islands oystercatcher, ''Haematopus meadewaldoi'' (Ext)
*Eurasian oystercatcher, ''Haematopus ostralegus''

Stilts and avocets

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

A family of fairly large wading birds. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

*Black-winged stilt, ''Himantopus himantopus''
*Pied avocet, ''Recurvirostra avosetta''
*American avocet, ''Recurvirostra americana'' (A)

Plovers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

Small to medium-sized wading birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

*Northern lapwing, ''Vanellus vanellus''
*Spur-winged lapwing, ''Vanellus spinosus''
*Grey-headed lapwing, ''Vanellus cinereus'' (A)
*Sociable lapwing, ''Vanellus gregarius'' (A)
*White-tailed lapwing, ''Vanellus leucurus'' (A)
*European golden plover, ''Pluvialis apricaria''
* Pacific golden plover, ''Pluvialis fulva'' (A)
*American golden plover, ''Pluvialis dominica'' (A)
*Grey plover, ''Pluvialis squatarola''
*Common ringed plover, ''Charadrius hiaticula''
*Semipalmated plover, ''Charadrius semipalmatus'' (A)
*Little ringed plover, ''Charadrius dubius''
*Killdeer, ''Charadrius vociferus'' (A)
*Kittlitz's plover, ''Charadrius pecuarius'' (A)
*Kentish plover, ''Charadrius alexandrinus''
*Lesser sand plover, ''Charadrius mongolus'' (A)
*Greater sand plover, ''Charadrius leschenaultii'' (A)
*Caspian plover, ''Charadrius asiaticus'' (A)
*Oriental plover, ''Charadrius veredus'' (A)
*Eurasian dotterel, ''Charadrius morinellus''

Painted-snipes

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

*Greater painted-snipe, ''Rostratula benghalensis''

Sandpipers and snipes

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

*Upland sandpiper, ''Bartramia longicauda'' (A)
* Eurasian whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus''
*Hudsonian whimbrel, ''Numenius hudsonicus'' (A)
*Little curlew, ''Numenius minutus'' (A)
*Eskimo curlew, ''Numenius borealis'' (A)
*Slender-billed curlew, ''Numenius tenuirostris'' (A)
*Eurasian curlew, ''Numenius arquata''
*Bar-tailed godwit, ''Limosa lapponica''
* Black-tailed godwit, ''Limosa limosa''
*Hudsonian godwit, ''Limosa haemastica'' (A)
*Ruddy turnstone, ''Arenaria interpres''
*Great knot, ''Calidris tenuirostris'' (A)
*Red knot, ''Calidris canutus''
*Ruff, ''Calidris pugnax''
*Broad-billed sandpiper, ''Calidris falcinellus''
*Sharp-tailed sandpiper, ''Calidris acuminata'' (A)
*Stilt sandpiper, ''Calidris himantopus'' (A)
*Curlew sandpiper, ''Calidris ferruginea''
*Temminck's stint, ''Calidris temminckii''
*Long-toed stint, ''Calidris subminuta'' (A)
* Spoon-billed sandpiper, ''Calidris pygmeus'' (A)
*Red-necked stint, ''Calidris ruficollis'' (A)
*Sanderling, ''Calidris alba''
*Dunlin, ''Calidris alpina''
*Purple sandpiper, ''Calidris maritima''
* Baird's sandpiper, ''Calidris bairdii'' (A)
*Little stint, ''Calidris minuta''
*Least sandpiper, ''Calidris minutilla'' (A)
*White-rumped sandpiper, ''Calidris fuscicollis'' (A)
*Buff-breasted sandpiper, ''Calidris subruficollis'' (A)
*Pectoral sandpiper, ''Calidris melanotos'' (A)
*Semipalmated sandpiper, ''Calidris pusilla'' (A)
*Western sandpiper, ''Calidris mauri'' (A)
*Long-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' (A)
*Short-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus griseus'' (A)
*Eurasian woodcock, ''Scolopax rusticola''
*American woodcock, ''Scolopax minor'' (A)
*Jack snipe, ''Lymnocryptes minimus''
*Pin-tailed snipe, ''Gallinago stenura'' (A)
*Swinhoe's snipe, ''Gallinago megala'' (A)
*Great snipe, ''Gallinago media''
*Common snipe, ''Gallinago gallinago''
*Wilson's snipe, ''Gallinago delicata'' (A)
*Terek sandpiper, ''Xenus cinereus''
*Wilson's phalarope, ''Phalaropus tricolor'' (A)
*Red-necked phalarope, ''Phalaropus lobatus''
* Red phalarope, ''Phalaropus fulicarius''
*Common sandpiper, ''Actitis hypoleucos''
*Spotted sandpiper, ''Actitis macularius'' (A)
*Green sandpiper, ''Tringa ochropus''
*Solitary sandpiper, ''Tringa solitaria'' (A)
*Grey-tailed tattler, ''Tringa brevipes'' (A)
*Lesser yellowlegs, ''Tringa flavipes'' (A)
*Willet, ''Tringa semipalmata'' (A)
*Common redshank, ''Tringa totanus''
*Marsh sandpiper, ''Tringa stagnatilis''
*Wood sandpiper, ''Tringa glareola''
*Spotted redshank, ''Tringa erythropus''
*Common greenshank, ''Tringa nebularia''
*Greater yellowlegs, ''Tringa melanoleuca'' (A)

Coursers and pratincoles

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

*Cream-colored courser, ''Cursorius cursor'' (A)
*Collared pratincole, ''Glareola pratincola''
*Oriental pratincole, ''Glareola maldivarum'' (A)
*Black-winged pratincole, ''Glareola nordmanni'' (A)

Gulls, terns and skimmers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. They are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

*Brown noddy, ''Anous stolidus'' (A)
* Black skimmer, ''Rynchops niger'' (A)
*Black-legged kittiwake, ''Rissa tridactyla''
*Ivory gull, ''Pagophila eburnea'' (A)
*Sabine's gull, ''Xema sabini''
*Slender-billed gull, ''Chroicocephalus genei'' (A)
*Bonaparte's gull, ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia'' (A)
*Black-headed gull, ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus''
*Grey-headed gull, ''Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus'' (A)
*Little gull, ''Hydrocoloeus minutus''
*Ross's gull, ''Rhodostethia rosea'' (A)
*Laughing gull, ''Leucophaeus atricilla'' (A)
*Franklin's gull, ''Leucophaeus pipixcan'' (A)
*Relict gull, ''Ichthyaetus relictus'' (A)
*Audouin's gull, ''Ichthyaetus audouinii''
*Mediterranean gull, ''Ichthyaetus melanocephalus''
*Pallas's gull, ''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus'' (A)
*White-eyed gull, ''Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus'' (A)
*Common gull, ''Larus canus''
* Short-billed gull, ''Larus brachyrhynchus'' (A)
*Ring-billed gull, ''Larus delawarensis'' (A)
*Great black-backed gull, ''Larus marinus''
*Kelp gull, ''Larus dominicanus'' (A)
*Glaucous-winged gull, ''Larus glaucescens'' (A)
* Glaucous gull, ''Larus hyperboreus''
* Iceland gull, ''Larus glaucoides''
*European herring gull, ''Larus argentatus''
*American herring gull, ''Larus smithsonianus''
*Vega gull, ''Larus vegae'' (A)
*Caspian gull, ''Larus cachinnans''
*Yellow-legged gull, ''Larus michahellis''
*Armenian gull, ''Larus armenicus''
* Slaty-backed gull, ''Larus schistisagus'' (A)
*Lesser black-backed gull, ''Larus fuscus''
*Gull-billed tern, ''Gelochelidon nilotica''
*Caspian tern, ''Hydroprogne caspia''
*Royal tern, ''Thalasseus maximus''
*Lesser crested tern, ''Thalasseus bengalensis'' (A)
*Royal tern, ''Thalasseus maximus'' (A)
*West African crested tern, ''Thalasseus albididorsalis'' (A)
*Sandwich tern, ''Thalasseus sandvicensis''
* Cabot's tern, ''Thalasseus acuflavidus'' (A)
*Elegant tern, ''Thalasseus elegans'' (A)
*Little tern, ''Sternula albifrons''
* Saunders's tern, ''Sternula saundersi'' (A)
*Least tern, ''Sternula antillarum'' (A)
*Aleutian tern, ''Onychoprion aleuticus'' (A)
*Bridled tern, ''Onychoprion anaethetus'' (A)
*Sooty tern, ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' (A)
*Roseate tern, ''Sterna dougallii''
*Common tern, ''Sterna hirundo''
* White-cheeked tern, ''Sterna repressa'' (A)
*Arctic tern, ''Sterna paradisaea''
*Forster's tern, ''Sterna forsteri'' (A)
*Whiskered tern, ''Chlidonias hybridus''
*White-winged tern, ''Chlidonias leucopterus''
*Black tern, ''Chlidonias niger''

Skuas

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

*South polar skua, ''Stercorarius maccormicki'' (A)
*Great skua, ''Stercorarius skua''
*Pomarine jaeger, ''Stercorarius pomarinus''
*Parasitic jaeger, ''Stercorarius parasiticus''
*Long-tailed jaeger, ''Stercorarius longicaudus''

Auks

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae

Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

*Little auk, ''Alle alle''
*Thick-billed murre, ''Uria lomvia''
*Common murre, ''Uria aalge''
*Razorbill, ''Alca torda''
*Great auk, ''Pinguinus impennis'' (Ext)
*Black guillemot, ''Cepphus grylle''
*Pigeon guillemot, ''Cepphus columba''
*Long-billed murrelet, ''Brachyramphus perdix'' (A)
*Ancient murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus antiquus'' (A)
* Parakeet auklet, ''Aethia psittacula'' (A)
* Crested auklet, ''Aethia cristatella'' (A)
*Atlantic puffin, ''Fratercula arctica''
*Horned puffin, ''Fratercula corniculata'' (A)
*Tufted puffin, ''Fratercula cirrhata'' (A)

Tropicbirds

Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are a family of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes.

*Red-billed tropicbird, ''Phaethon aethereus'' (A)
*White-tailed tropicbird, ''Phaethon lepturus'' (A)

Loons

Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae

Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

*Red-throated loon, ''Gavia stellata''
*Black-throated loon, ''Gavia arctica''
*Pacific loon, ''Gavia pacifica'' (A)
*Common loon, ''Gavia immer''
*Yellow-billed loon, ''Gavia adamsii''

Austral storm petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae

Austral storm petrels, or southern storm petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

*Wilson's storm petrel, ''Oceanites oceanicus''
*White-faced storm petrel, ''Pelagodroma marina''
*Black-bellied storm petrel, ''Fregetta tropica'' (A)

Albatrosses

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest flying birds, with long, narrow wings for gliding. The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic.

*Wandering albatross, ''Diomedea exulans'' (A)
*Tristan albatross, ''Diomedea dabbenena'' (A)
*Black-browed albatross, ''Thalassarche melanophris'' (A)
*Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross, ''Thalassarche chlororhynchos'' (A)

Northern storm petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The northern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, feeding on plankton and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. They nest in colonies on the ground, most often in burrows.

*European storm petrel, ''Hydrobates pelagicus''
* Band-rumped storm petrel, ''Hydrobates castro''
*Monteiro's storm petrel, ''Hydrobates monteiroi''
* Swinhoe's storm petrel, ''Hydrobates monorhis'' (A)
* Leach's storm petrel, ''Hydrobates leucorhea''

Petrels and shearwaters

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

These are highly pelagic birds with long, narrow wings and tube-shaped nostrils. They feed at sea on fish, squid and other marine life. They come to land to breed in colonies, nesting in burrows or on cliffs.

*Southern giant petrel, ''Macronectes giganteus'' (A)
*Northern fulmar, ''Fulmarus glacialis''
* Cape petrel, ''Daption capense'' (A)
*Atlantic petrel, ''Pterodroma incerta'' (A)
*Soft-plumaged petrel, ''Pterodroma mollis'' (A)
*Zino's petrel, ''Pterodroma madeira''
*Fea's petrel, ''Pterodroma feae''
*Desertas petrel, ''Pterodroma deserta''
* Bermuda petrel, ''Pterodroma cahow'' (A)
*Black-capped petrel, ''Pterodroma hasitata'' (A)
*Kermadec petrel, ''Pterodroma neglecta'' (A)
*Herald petrel, ''Pterodroma heraldica'' (A)
*Trindade petrel, ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' (A)
*White-chinned petrel, ''Procellaria aequinoctialis'' (A)
*Scopoli's shearwater, ''Calonectris diomedea''
*Cory's shearwater, ''Calonectris borealis''
*Cape Verde shearwater, ''Calonectris edwardsii''
*Sooty shearwater, ''Ardenna grisea''
*Short-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna tenuirostris'' (A)
*Great shearwater, ''Ardenna gravis''
*Manx shearwater, ''Puffinus puffinus''
*Yelkouan shearwater, ''Puffinus yelkouan''
*Balearic shearwater, ''Puffinus mauretanicus''
* Audubon's shearwater, ''Puffinus lherminieri'' (A)
*Barolo shearwater, ''Puffinus baroli''
*Boyd's shearwater, ''Puffinus boydi'' (A)
*Bulwer's petrel, ''Bulweria bulwerii''

Storks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

* Yellow-billed stork, ''Mycteria ibis''
*Black stork, ''Ciconia nigra''
*White stork, ''Ciconia ciconia''
* Marabou stork, ''Leptoptilos crumenifer''

Frigatebirds

Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. All have predominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked tails and long hooked bills. Females have white underbellies and males have a distinctive red gular pouch, which they inflate during the breeding season to attract females. Their wings are long and pointed and can span up to 2.3 metres (7.5 ft), the largest wing area to body weight ratio of any bird.

*Ascension frigatebird, ''Fregata aquila'' (A)
*Magnificent frigatebird, ''Fregata magnificens'' (A)

Gannets and boobies

Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

*Northern gannet, ''Morus bassanus''
*Cape gannet, ''Morus capensis'' (A)
*Masked booby, ''Sula dactylatra'' (A)
* Red-footed booby, ''Sula sula'' (A)
*Brown booby, ''Sula leucogaster'' (A)

Anhingas and darters

Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae

Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.

* African darter, ''Anhinga rufa''

Cormorants and shags

Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

*Pygmy cormorant, ''Microcarbo pygmeus''
*White-breasted cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax lucidus''
*Great cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax carbo''
* Spectacled cormorant, ''Urile perspicillatus'' (Ext)
*European shag, ''Gulosus aristotelis''
*Double-crested cormorant, ''Nannopterum auritum''

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

A family of long-legged, long-necked wading birds. Ibises have long, curved bills. Spoonbills have a flattened bill, wider at the tip.

*African sacred ibis, ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' (I)
*Northern bald ibis, ''Geronticus eremita'' (A)
*Glossy ibis, ''Plegadis falcinellus''
*Eurasian spoonbill, ''Platalea leucorodia''
* African spoonbill, ''Platalea alba'' (A)

Herons and bitterns

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

*Eurasian bittern, ''Botaurus stellaris''
*American bittern, ''Botaurus lentiginosus'' (A)
*Least bittern, ''Ixobrychus exilis'' (A)
*Little bittern, ''Ixobrychus minutus''
*Von Schrenck's bittern, ''Ixobrychus eurhythmus'' (A)
*Dwarf bittern, ''Ixobrychus sturmii'' (A)
* Black-crowned night heron, ''Nycticorax nycticorax''
*Yellow-crowned night heron, ''Nyctanassa violacea'' (A)
* Green heron, ''Butorides virescens'' (A)
*Striated heron, ''Butorides striata''
*Squacco heron, ''Ardeola ralloides''
*Indian pond heron, ''Ardeola grayii'' (A)
*Chinese pond heron, ''Ardeola bacchus'' (A)
*Western cattle egret, ''Bubulcus ibis''
*Eastern cattle egret, ''Bubulcus coromandus'' (A)
*Grey heron, ''Ardea cinerea''
*Great blue heron, ''Ardea herodias'' (A)
*Black-headed heron, ''Ardea melanocephala''
* Purple heron, ''Ardea purpurea''
*Great egret, ''Ardea alba''
*Intermediate egret, ''Ardea intermedia'' (A)
* Black heron, ''Egretta ardesiaca'' (A)
*Tricolored heron, ''Egretta tricolor'' (A)
*Little blue heron, ''Egretta caerulea'' (A)
* Snowy egret, ''Egretta thula'' (A)
* Little egret, ''Egretta garzetta''
*Western reef heron, ''Egretta gularis''

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak.

*Great white pelican, ''Pelecanus onocrotalus''
*Dalmatian pelican, ''Pelecanus crispus''

Osprey

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae

Ospreys are large migratory fish-eating bird of prey. It is mainly brown above and white below with long, angled wings.

*Osprey, ''Pandion haliaetus''

Kites, hawks, and eagles

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae

A family of birds of prey which includes hawks, buzzards, eagles, kites and harriers. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

*Black-winged kite, ''Elanus caeruleus''
*Bearded vulture, ''Gypaetus barbatus''
*Egyptian vulture, ''Neophron percnopterus'' (A)
*European honey buzzard, ''Pernis apivorus''
*Crested honey buzzard, ''Pernis ptilorhynchus''
*Swallow-tailed kite, ''Elanoides forficatus'' (A)
*White-backed vulture, ''Gyps africanus''
*White-rumped vulture, ''Gyps bengalensis'' (A)
*Rüppell's vulture, ''Gyps rueppelli'' (A)
*Griffon vulture, ''Gyps fulvus''
*Cinereous vulture, ''Aegypius monachus''
*Lappet-faced vulture, ''Torgos tracheliotos'' (A)
*Short-toed snake eagle, ''Circaetus gallicus''
*Lesser spotted eagle, ''Clanga pomarina''
*Greater spotted eagle, ''Clanga clanga''
* Booted eagle, ''Hieraaetus pennatus''
*Steppe eagle, ''Aquila nipalensis''
*Spanish imperial eagle, ''Aquila adalberti''
*Eastern imperial eagle, ''Aquila heliaca''
*Golden eagle, ''Aquila chrysaetos''
*Bonelli's eagle, ''Aquila fasciata''
*Levant sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter brevipes''
*Eurasian sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter nisus''
*Northern goshawk, ''Accipiter gentilis''
*Western marsh harrier, ''Circus aeruginosus''
*Hen harrier, ''Circus cyaneus''
*Northern harrier, ''Circus hudsonius'' (A)
*Pallid harrier, ''Circus macrourus''
*Montagu's harrier, ''Circus pygargus''
*Red kite, ''Milvus milvus''
*Black kite, ''Milvus migrans''
*Pallas's fish eagle, ''Haliaeetus leucoryphus'' (A)
*White-tailed eagle, ''Haliaeetus albicilla''
*Bald eagle, ''Haliaeetus leucocephalus'' (A)
*Rough-legged buzzard, ''Buteo lagopus''
*Upland buzzard, ''Buteo hemilasius'' (A)
*Long-legged buzzard, ''Buteo rufinus''
*Common buzzard, ''Buteo buteo''

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium-sized to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

*Western barn owl, ''Tyto alba''
*American barn owl, ''Tyto furcata''

Typical owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

Owls are a group of birds that belong to the order Strigiformes, constituting 200 extant bird of prey species. Most are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e.g., the northern hawk-owl). Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish.

*Eurasian scops owl, ''Otus scops''
*Snowy owl, ''Bubo scandiacus''
*Eurasian eagle-owl, ''Bubo bubo''
*Tawny owl, ''Strix aluco''
*Maghreb owl, ''Strix mauritanica''
* Ural owl, ''Strix uralensis''
*Great grey owl, ''Strix nebulosa''
*Northern hawk-owl, ''Surnia ulula''
* Eurasian pygmy owl, ''Glaucidium passerinum''
* Little owl, ''Athene noctua''
*Boreal owl, ''Aegolius funereus''
*Brown boobook, ''Ninox scutulata''
*Long-eared owl, ''Asio otus''
*Short-eared owl, ''Asio flammeus''
*Marsh owl, ''Asio capensis'' (A)

Hoopoes

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae

Distinctive birds with a long curved bill, a crest and black-and-white striped wings and tail.

*Eurasian hoopoe, ''Upupa epops''
*African hoopoe, ''Upupa africana''

Rollers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae

A small family of colourful, medium-sized birds with a crow-like shape that feed mainly on insects.

* Abyssinian roller, ''Coracias abyssinicus'' (A)
*European roller, ''Coracias garrulus''

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

*White-throated kingfisher, ''Halcyon smyrnensis'' (A)
*Common kingfisher, ''Alcedo atthis''
* Belted kingfisher, ''Megaceryle alcyon'' (A)
*Pied kingfisher, ''Ceryle rudis'' (A)

Bee-eaters

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae

A group of near-passerine birds characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers.

*Asian green bee-eater, ''Merops orientalis'' (A)
* Blue-cheeked bee-eater, ''Merops persicus'' (A)
*European bee-eater, ''Merops apiaster''

Woodpeckers

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

* Eurasian wryneck, ''Jynx torquilla''
*Yellow-bellied sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus varius'' (A)
*Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, ''Picoides tridactylus''
*Middle spotted woodpecker, ''Dendrocoptes medius''
*Lesser spotted woodpecker, ''Dryobates minor''
* Syrian woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos syriacus''
* Great spotted woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos major''
*White-backed woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos leucotos''
*Northern flicker, ''Colaptes auratus'' (A)
* Black woodpecker, ''Dryocopus martius''
*European green woodpecker, ''Picus viridis''
*Iberian green woodpecker, ''Picus sharpei''
* Grey-headed woodpecker, ''Picus canus''

Falcons

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

*Lesser kestrel, ''Falco naumanni''
*Common kestrel, ''Falco tinnunculus''
*American kestrel, ''Falco sparverius'' (A)
*Red-footed falcon, ''Falco vespertinus''
*Amur falcon, ''Falco amurensis'' (A)
*Eleonora's falcon, ''Falco eleonorae''
*Sooty falcon, ''Falco concolo'' (A)
*Merlin, ''Falco columbarius''
*Eurasian hobby, ''Falco subbuteo''
*Lanner falcon, ''Falco biarmicus''
*Saker falcon, ''Falco cherrug''
*Gyrfalcon, ''Falco rusticolus''
*Peregrine falcon, ''Falco peregrinus''

African and New World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae

In Europe, a species has established itself after being introduced by humans.

*Monk parakeet, ''Myiopsitta monachus'' (I)

Old World parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae

In Europe, a species has established itself after being introduced by humans.

*Rose-ringed parakeet, ''Psittacula krameri'' (I)

Tyrant flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae

A family from the Americas with very rare vagrants recorded in Iceland, Ireland and Great Britain.

*Eastern phoebe, ''Sayornis phoebe'' (A)
*Olive-sided flycatcher, ''Contopus cooperi'' (A)
*Eastern wood pewee, ''Contopus virens'' (A)
*Yellow-bellied flycatcher, ''Empidonax flaviventris'' (A)
* Acadian flycatcher, ''Empidonax virescens'' (A)
*Willow flycatcher, ''Empidonax traillii'' (A)
*Alder flycatcher, ''Empidonax alnorum'' (A)
*Least flycatcher, ''Empidonax minimus'' (A)
*Western kingbird, ''Tyrannus verticalis'' (A)
*Fork-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus savana'' (A)
*Eastern kingbird, ''Tyrannus tyrannus'' (A)

Shrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

*Brown shrike, ''Lanius cristatus'' (A)
* Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio''
*Isabelline shrike, ''Lanius isabellinus'' (A)
* Red-tailed shrike, ''Lanius phoenicuroides'' (A)
*Long-tailed shrike, ''Lanius schach'' (A)
*Lesser grey shrike, ''Lanius minor''
*Northern shrike, ''Lanius borealis'' (A)
*Great grey shrike, ''Lanius excubitor''
*Iberian grey shrike, ''Lanius meridionalis''
*Woodchat shrike, ''Lanius senator''
* Masked shrike, ''Lanius nubicus''

Vireos, greenlets, and shrike-babblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia.

*White-eyed vireo, ''Vireo griseus'' (A)
*Yellow-throated vireo, ''Vireo flavifrons'' (A)
* Blue-headed vireo, ''Vireo solitarius'' (A)
*Philadelphia vireo, ''Vireo philadelphicus'' (A)
*Red-eyed vireo, ''Vireo olivaceus'' (A)

Figbirds and orioles

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae

The figbirds and orioles are medium-sized passerines, mostly with bright and showy plumage, the females often have duller plumage than the males The beak is long, slightly curved and hooked. Orioles are arboreal and tend to feed in the canopy.

*Eurasian golden oriole, ''Oriolus oriolus''

Crows and jays

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

*Siberian jay, ''Perisoreus infaustus''
*Eurasian jay, ''Garrulus glandarius''
*Iberian magpie, ''Cyanopica cooki'' (E)
*Eurasian magpie, ''Pica pica''
*Spotted nutcracker, ''Nucifraga caryocatactes''
*Red-billed chough, ''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax''
*Alpine chough, ''Pyrrhocorax graculus''
*Western jackdaw, ''Corvus monedula''
*Daurian jackdaw, ''Coloeus dauuricus'' (A)
*House crow, ''Corvus splendens'' (A)
*Rook, ''Corvus frugilegus''
*Carrion crow, ''Corvus corone''
*Hooded crow, ''Corvus cornix''
* Northern raven, ''Corvus corax''
* Fan-tailed raven, ''Corvus rhipidurus'' (A)

Waxwings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

*Bohemian waxwing, ''Bombycilla garrulus''
*Cedar waxwing, ''Bombycilla cedrorum'' (A)

Tits and chickadees

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

*Coal tit, ''Periparus ater''
*Crested tit, ''Lophophanes cristatus''
*Sombre tit, ''Poecile lugubris''
*Grey-headed chickadee, ''Poecile cinctus''
* Marsh tit, ''Poecile palustris''
*Willow tit, ''Poecile montana''
*African blue tit, ''Cyanistes teneriffae''
*Eurasian blue tit, ''Cyanistes caeruleus''
*Azure tit, ''Cyanistes cyanus''
*Great tit, ''Parus major''

Penduline tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae

The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

*Eurasian penduline tit, ''Remiz pendulinus''

Bearded reedling

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Panuridae

A single species formerly placed in the Old World babbler family.

*Bearded reedling, ''Panurus biarmicus''

Larks

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

*Greater hoopoe-lark, ''Alaemon alaudipes'' (A)
*Thick-billed lark, ''Ramphocoris clotbey'' (A)
*Desert lark, ''Ammomanes deserti'' (A)
*Bar-tailed lark, ''Ammomanes cinctura'' (A)
*Woodlark, ''Lullula arborea''
*White-winged lark, ''Alauda leucoptera'' (A)
*Oriental skylark, ''Alauda gulgula'' (A)
*Eurasian skylark, ''Alauda arvensis''
*Thekla's lark, ''Galerida theklae'' (A)
*Crested lark, ''Galerida cristata''
*Horned lark, ''Eremophila alpestris''
*Temminck's lark, ''Eremophila temmincki'' (A)
*Greater short-toed lark, ''Calandrella brachydactyla''
*Bimaculated lark, ''Melanocorypha bimaciulata'' (A)
*Calandra lark, ''Melanocorypha calandra'' (A)
*Black lark, ''Melanocorypha yeltoniensis'' (A)
*Dupont's lark, ''Chersophilus duponti''
*Asian short-toed lark, ''Alaudala cheleensis'' (A)
*Mediterranean short-toed lark, ''Alaudala rufescens''
*Turkestan short-toed lark, ''Alaudala heinei''

Bulbuls

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

*White-eared bulbul, ''Pycnonotus leucotis''
*Common bulbul, ''Pycnonotus barbatus''

Swallows and martins

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

*Brown-throated martin, ''Riparia paludicola'' (A)
*Sand martin, ''Riparia riparia''
*Pale martin, ''Riparia diluta''
*Tree swallow, ''Tachycineta bicolor'' (A)
*Purple martin, ''Progne subis'' (A)
*Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica''
*Eurasian crag martin, ''Ptyonoprogne rupestris''
*Pale crag martin, ''Ptyonoprogne obsoleta'' (A)
*Rock martin, ''Ptyonoprogne fuligula'' (A)
*Common house martin, ''Delichon urbica''
*Red-rumped swallow, ''Cecropis daurica'' (A)
*American cliff swallow, ''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota''

Cettia bush warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cettiidae

Cettiidae is a family of small insectivorous songbirds. It contains the typical bush warblers (Cettia) and their relatives. Its members occur mainly in Asia and Africa, ranging into Oceania and Europe.

*Cetti's warbler, ''Cettia cetti''

Bushtits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae

Bushtits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

*Long-tailed tit, ''Aegithalos caudatus''

Leaf warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are small, active, insectivorous passerine birds. They glean the foliage for insects along the branches of trees and bushes. They forage at various levels within forests, from the top canopy to the understorey. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters. Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below.

*Wood warbler, ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix''
*Western Bonelli's warbler, ''Phylloscopus bonelli''
*Eastern Bonelli's warbler, ''Phylloscopus orientalis'' (A)
*Hume's leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus humei'' (A)
*Yellow-browed warbler, ''Phylloscopus inornatus''
*Pallas's leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus proregulus''
*Radde's warbler, ''Phylloscopus schwarzi'' (A)
*Dusky warbler, ''Phylloscopus fuscatus'' (A)
*Plain leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus neglectus'' (A)
*Willow warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochilus''
*Mountain chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus sindianus'' (A)
*Canary Islands chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus canariensis''
*Common chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus collybita''
*Iberian chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus brehmii''
*Eastern crowned warbler, ''Phylloscopus coronatus'' (A)
*Green warbler, ''Phylloscopus nitidus'' (A)
*Two-barred warbler, ''Phyloscopus plumbeitarsus'' (A)
*Greenish warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochiloides''
*Large-billed leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus magnirostris'' (A)
*Pale-legged leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus tenellipes'' (A)
*Kamchatka leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus examinandus'' (A)
*Arctic warbler, ''Phylloscopus borealis''

Reed warblers, Grauer’s warbler, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae

The species in this family are usually rather large warblers. Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

*Great reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus arundinaceus''
*Clamorous reed warbler, '' Acrocephalus stentoreus'' (A)
*Moustached warbler, ''Acrocephalus melanopogon''
*Aquatic warbler, ''Acrocephalus paludicola''
*Sedge warbler, ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus''
*Paddyfield warbler, ''Acrocephalus agricola'' (A)
*Blyth's reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus dumetorum''
*Common reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus''
*Marsh warbler, ''Acrocephalus palustris''
*Thick-billed warbler, ''Arundinax aedon'' (A)
*Booted warbler, ''Iduna caligata'' (A)
*Sykes's warbler, ''Iduna rama'' (A)
*Eastern olivaceous warbler, ''Iduna pallida''
*Western olivaceous warbler, ''Iduna opaca''
*Upcher's warbler, ''Hippolais languida'' (A)
*Olive-tree warbler, ''Hippolais olivetorum''
*Melodious warbler, ''Hippolais polyglotta''
*Icterine warbler, ''Hippolais icterina''

Grassbirds and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae

Grassbirds are small insectivorous songbirds, with tails that are usually long and pointed. These birds occur mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are less wren-like than the typical shrub-warblers (Cettia) but like these drab brownish or buffy all over. Many have bold dark streaks on wings and/or underside. Most live in scrubland and frequently hunt food by clambering through thick tangled growth or pursuing it on the ground; they are perhaps the most terrestrial of the "warblers".

*Gray's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes fasciolatus'' (A)
*Pallas's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes certhiola'' (A)
*Lanceolated warbler, ''Locustella lanceolata'' (A)
*River warbler, ''Locustella fluviatilis''
*Savi's warbler, ''Locustella luscinioides''
*Common grasshopper warbler, ''Locustella naevia''

Cisticolas and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae

Cisticolas are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. They are often difficult to see and many species are similar in appearance, so the song is often the best identification guide. These are insectivorous birds which nest low in vegetation.

*Zitting cisticola, ''Cisticola juncidis''
*Graceful prinia, ''Prinia gracilis''

Sylviid babblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae

The sylviid warblers are a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

*Eurasian blackcap, ''Sylvia atricapilla''
*Garden warbler, ''Sylvia borin''
*Barred warbler, ''Curruca nisoria''
*Desert whitethroat, ''Curruca minula'' (A)
*Lesser whitethroat, ''Curruca curruca''
*Hume's whitethroat, ''Curruca althaea'' (A)
*Western Orphean warbler, ''Curruca hortensis''
*Eastern Orphean warbler, ''Curruca crassirostris''
*African desert warbler, ''Curruca deserti'' (A)
*Asian desert warbler, ''Curruca nana'' (A)
*Tristram's warbler, ''Curruca deserticola''
*Menetries's warbler, ''Curruca mystacea'' (A)
*Rüppell's warbler, ''Curruca ruppeli''
*Cyprus warbler, ''Curruca melanothorax''
*Sardinian warbler, ''Curruca melanocephala''
*Western subalpine warbler, ''Curruca iberiae''
*Moltoni's warbler, ''Curruca subalpina''
*Eastern subalpine warbler, ''Curruca cantillans''
*Common whitethroat, ''Curruca communis''
*Spectacled warbler, ''Curruca conspicillata''
*Marmora's warbler, ''Curruca sarda''
*Dartford warbler, ''Curruca undata''
*Balearic warbler, ''Curruca balearica'' (E)

Laughingthrushes, barwings, and sibias

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae

The laughingthrushes are a family of Old World passerine birds. They are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent.

*Red-billed leiothrix, ''Leiothrix lutea'' (I)

Goldcrests and kinglets

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmouse, titmice.

*Common firecrest, ''Regulus ignicapillus''
*Goldcrest, ''Regulus regulus''
*Madeira firecrest, ''Regulus madeirensis''
*Ruby-crowned kinglet, ''Corthylio calendula'' (A)

Wrens

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

*Marsh wren, ''Cistothorus palustris''
*Eurasian wren, ''Troglodytes troglodytes''

Nuthatches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

*Krüper's nuthatch, ''Sitta krueperi''
*Red-breasted nuthatch, ''Sitta canadensis'' (A)
*Corsican nuthatch, ''Sitta whiteheadi'' (E)
*Western rock nuthatch, ''Sitta neumayer''
*Eurasian nuthatch, ''Sitta europaea''

Wallcreeper

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tichodromidae

The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.

*Wallcreeper, ''Tichodroma muraria''

Treecreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

*Eurasian treecreeper, ''Certhia familiaris''
*Short-toed treecreeper, ''Certhia brachydactyla''

Mockingbirds and thrashers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae

Medium-sized passerine birds with long tails. Some are notable for their ability to mimic sounds such as other birds' songs.

*Grey catbird, ''Dumetella carolinensis'' (A)
*Northern mockingbird, ''Mimus polyglottos'' (A)
*Brown thrasher, ''Toxostoma rufum'' (A)

Starlings and rhabdornis

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

*Crested myna, ''Acridotheres cristatellus'' (I)
*Daurian starling, ''Agropsar sturninus'' (A)
*Rosy starling, ''Pastor roseus''
*Common starling, ''Sturnus vulgaris''
*Spotless starling, ''Sturnus unicolor''

Thrushes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The Thrush (bird), thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

*Siberian thrush, ''Geokichla sibirica'' (A)
*White's thrush, ''Zoothera aurea''
*Scaly thrush, ''Zoothera dauma'' (A)
*Varied thrush, ''Ixoreus naevius'' (A)
*Veery, ''Catharus fuscescens'' (A)
*Grey-cheeked thrush, ''Catharus minimus'' (A)
*Swainson's thrush, ''Catharus ustulatus'' (A)
*Hermit thrush, ''Catharus guttatus'' (A)
*Wood thrush, ''Hylocichla mustelina'' (A)
*Tickell's thrush, ''Turdus unicolor'' (A)
*Ring ouzel, ''Turdus torquatus''
*Common blackbird, ''Turdus merula''
*Eyebrowed thrush, ''Turdus obscurus'' (A)
*Black-throated thrush, ''Turdus atrogularis''
*Red-throated thrush, ''Turdus ruficollis'' (A)
*Naumann's thrush, ''Turdus naumanni'' (A)
*Dusky thrush, ''Turdus naumanni''
*Fieldfare, ''Turdus pilaris''
*Redwing, ''Turdus iliacus''
*Song thrush, ''Turdus philomelos''
*Mistle thrush, ''Turdus viscivorus''
*American robin, ''Turdus migratorius'' (A)

Chats and Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

*Rufous-tailed scrub robin, ''Cercotrichas galactotes''
*Spotted flycatcher, ''Muscicapa striata''
*Mediterranean flycatcher, ''Muscicapa tyrrhenica''
*Dark-sided flycatcher, ''Muscicapa sibirica'' (A)
*Asian brown flycatcher, ''Muscicapa dauurica'' (A)
*European robin, ''Erithacus rubecula''
*Siberian blue robin, ''Larvivora cyane'' (A)
*Rufous-tailed robin, ''Larvivora sibilans'' (A)
*Bluethroat, ''Luscinia svecica''
*Thrush nightingale, ''Luscinia luscinia''
*Common nightingale, ''Luscinia megarhynchos''
*White-throated robin, ''Irania gutturalis''
*Siberian rubythroat, ''Calliope calliope'' (A)
*Red-flanked bluetail, ''Tarsiger cyanurus''
*Taiga flycatcher, ''Ficedula albicilla'' (A)
*Red-breasted flycatcher, ''Ficedula parva'' (A)
*Semicollared flycatcher, ''Ficedula semitorquata''
*European pied flycatcher, ''Ficedula hypoleuca''
*Collared flycatcher, ''Ficedula albicollis''
*Atlas pied flycatcher, ''Ficedula speculigera'' (A)
*Eversmann's redstart, ''Phoenicurus erythronotus''
*Black redstart, ''Phoenicurus ochruros''
*Common redstart, ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus''
*Moussier's redstart, ''Phoenicurus moussieri'' (A)
*Plumbeous water redstart, ''Phoenicurus fuliginosus'' (A)
*Common rock thrush, ''Monticola saxatilis''
*Blue rock thrush, ''Monticola solitarius''
*Whinchat, ''Saxicola rubetra''
*Canary Islands stonechat, ''Saxicola dacotiae''
*European stonechat, ''Saxicola rubicola''
*Siberian stonechat, ''Saxicola maurus''
*Amur stonechat, ''Saxicola stejnegeri''
*African stonechat, ''Saxicola torquatus''
*Pied bush chat, ''Saxicola caprata '' (A)
*Northern wheatear, ''Oenanthe oenanthe''
*Isabelline wheatear, ''Oenanthe isabellina''
*Desert wheatear, ''Oenanthe deserti'' (A)
*Western black-eared wheatear, ''Oenanthe hispanica''
*Eastern black-eared wheatear, ''Oenanthe melanoleuca''
*Cyprus wheatear, ''Oenanthe cypriaca''
*Pied wheatear, ''Oenanthe pleschanka''
*Red-rumped wheatear, ''Oenanthe moesta'' (A)
*Variable wheatear, ''Oenanthe picata'' (A)
*Black wheatear, ''Oenanthe leucura''
*White-crowned wheatear, ''Oenanthe leucopyga'' (A)
*Finsch's wheatear, ''Oenanthe finschii'' (A)
*Kurdish wheatear, ''Oenanthe xanthoprymna'' (A)

Dippers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

*White-throated dipper, ''Cinclus cinclus''

Old World sparrows and snowfinches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Old World sparrow, Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed-eaters and they also consume small insects.

*House sparrow, ''Passer domesticus''
*Italian sparrow, ''Passer italiae''
*Spanish sparrow, ''Passer hispaniolensis''
*Dead Sea sparrow, ''Passer moabiticus'' (A)
*Eurasian tree sparrow, ''Passer montanus''
*Rock sparrow, ''Petronia petronia''
*White-winged snowfinch, ''Montifringilla nivalis''

Weavers and widowbirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.

*Black-headed weaver, ''Ploceus melanocephalus'' (I)
*Yellow-crowned bishop, ''Euplectes afer'' (I)

Waxbills, munias and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.

*Scaly-breasted munia, ''Lonchura punctulata'' (I)
*Tricolored munia, ''Lonchura malacca''
*Chestnut munia, ''Lonchura atricapilla'' (I)
*Common waxbill, ''Estrilda astrild'' (I)
*Red avadavat, ''Amandava amandava'' (I)

Accentors

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to Old World sparrow, sparrows.

*Alpine accentor, ''Prunella collaris''
*Siberian accentor, ''Prunella montanella'' (A)
*Radde's accentor, ''Prunella ocularis''
*Black-throated accentor, ''Prunella atrogularis'' (A)
*Dunnock, ''Prunella modularis''

Wagtails and pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

The Motacillidae are a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

*Western yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla flava''
*Eastern yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla tschutschensis''
*Citrine wagtail, ''Motacilla citreola''
*Grey wagtail, ''Motacilla cinerea''
*White wagtail, ''Motacilla alba''
*Richard's pipit, ''Anthus richardi''
*Paddyfield pipit, ''Anthus rufulus'' (A)
*Blyth's pipit, ''Anthus godlewskii'' (A)
*Tawny pipit, ''Anthus campestris''
*Long-billed pipit, ''Anthus similis'' (A)
*Meadow pipit, ''Anthus pratensis''
*Tree pipit, ''Anthus trivialis''
*Olive-backed pipit, ''Anthus hodgsoni'' (A)
*Pechora pipit, ''Anthus gustavi'' (A)
*Red-throated pipit, ''Anthus cervinus''
*Buff-bellied pipit, ''Anthus rubescens'' (A)
*Water pipit, ''Anthus spinoletta''
*Eurasian rock pipit, ''Anthus petrosus''
*Berthelot's pipit, ''Anthus berthelotii''

Finches and euphonias

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

*Common chaffinch, ''Fringilla coelebs''
*Tenerife blue chaffinch, ''Fringilla teydea''
*Gran Canaria blue chaffinch, ''Fringilla polatzeki''
*Brambling, ''Fringilla montifringilla''
*Evening grosbeak, ''Hesperiphona vespertina'' (A)
*Hawfinch, ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes''
*Pine grosbeak, ''Pinicola enucleator''
*Eurasian bullfinch, ''Pyrrhula pyrrhula''
*Azores bullfinch, ''Pyrrhula murina''
*Asian crimson-winged finch, ''Rhodopechys sanguineus''
*Trumpeter finch, ''Bucanetes githagineus''
*Mongolian finch, ''Bucanetes mongolicus''
*Grey-crowned rosy finch, ''Leucosticte tephrocotis''
*Common rosefinch, ''Carpodacus erythrinus''
*Great rosefinch, ''Carpodacus rubicilla'' (A)
*Pallas's rosefinch, ''Carpodacus roseus'' (A)
*European greenfinch, ''Chloris chloris''
*Twite, ''Linaria flavirostris''
*Common linnet, ''Linaria cannabina''
*Common redpoll, ''Acanthis flammea''
*Lesser redpoll, ''Acanthis cabararet''
*Arctic redpoll, ''Acanthis hornemanni''
*Parrot crossbill, ''Loxia pytyopsittacus''
*Scottish crossbill, ''Loxia scotica'' (E)
*Red crossbill, ''Loxia curvirostra''
*Two-barred crossbill, ''Loxia leucoptera''
*European goldfinch, ''Carduelis carduelis''
*Citril finch, ''Carduelis citrinella''
*Corsican finch, ''Carduelis corsicana''
*Red-fronted serin, ''Serinus pusillus'' (A)
*European serin, ''Serinus serinus''
*Atlantic canary, ''Serinus canaria''
*Cape canary, ''Serinus canicollis'' (A)
*Eurasian siskin, ''Spinus spinus''

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a family of birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

*Lapland longspur, ''Calcarius lapponicus''
*Snow bunting, ''Plectrophenax nivalis''

Buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

*Corn bunting, ''Emberiza calandra''
*Yellowhammer, ''Emberiza citrinella''
*Pine bunting, ''Emberiza leucocephalos'' (A)
*Rock bunting, ''Emberiza cia''
*Grey-necked bunting, ''Emberiza buchanani'' (A)
*Cinereous bunting, ''Emberiza cineracea''
*Ortolan bunting, ''Emberiza hortulana''
*Cretzschmar's bunting, ''Emberiza caesia''
*Cirl bunting, ''Emberiza cirlus''
*Striolated bunting, ''Emberiza striolata''
*House bunting, ''Emberiza sahari'' (A)
*Chestnut-eared bunting, ''Emberiza fucata'' (A)
*Little bunting, ''Emberiza pusilla''
*Yellow-browed bunting, ''Emberiza chrysophrys'' (A)
*Rustic bunting, ''Emberiza rustica''
*Yellow-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza aureola'' (A)
*Chestnut bunting, ''Emberiza rutila'' (A)
*Black-headed bunting, ''Emberiza melanocephala
*Red-headed bunting, ''Emberiza bruniceps'' (A)
*Black-faced bunting, ''Emberiza spodocephala'' (A)
*Masked bunting, ''Emberiza personata'
*Pallas's reed bunting, ''Emberiza pallasi'' (A)
*Common reed bunting, ''Emberiza schoeniclus''

New World sparrows and bush tanagers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae

The New World sparrows (or American sparrows) are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with distinctively finch-like bills.

*Lark sparrow, ''Chondestes grammacus'' (A)
*Red fox sparrow, ''Passerella iliaca'' (A)
*American tree sparrow, ''Spizelloides arborea'' (A)
*Dark-eyed junco, ''Junco hyemalis''
*White-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia leucophrys'' (A)
*White-throated sparrow, ''Zonotrichia albicollis'' (A)
*Savannah sparrow, ''Passerculus sandwichensis'' (A)
*Song sparrow, ''Melospiza melodia'' (A)
*Lincoln's sparrow, ''Melospiza lincolnii'' (A)
*Eastern towhee, ''Pipilo erythrophthalmus'' (A)

Yellow-breasted chat

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

*Yellow-breasted chat, ''Icteria virens'' (A)

Oropendolas, orioles, and blackbirds

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae

Icterids make up a family of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New-World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior and coloration.

*Yellow-headed blackbird, ''Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus'' (A)
*Bobolink, ''Dolichonyx oryzivorus'' (A)
*Baltimore oriole, ''Icterus galbula'' (A)
*Red-winged blackbird, ''Agelaius phoeniceus'' (A)
*Brown-headed cowbird, ''Molothrus ater'' (A)
*Rusty blackbird, ''Euphagus carolinus'' (A)
*Common grackle, ''Quiscalus quiscula'' (A)

New World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae

A group of small, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal and insectivorous.

*Ovenbird, ''Seiurus aurocapilla'' (A)
*Louisiana waterthrush, ''Parkesia motacilla'' (A)
*Northern waterthrush, ''Parkesia noveboracensis'' (A)
*Golden-winged warbler, ''Vermivora chrysoptera'' (A)
*Blue-winged warbler, ''Vermivora cyanoptera'' (A)
*Black-and-white warbler, ''Mniotilta varia'' (A)
*Prothonotary warbler, ''Protonotaria citrea'' (A)
*Tennessee warbler, ''Leiothlypis peregrina'' (A)
*Orange-crowned warbler, ''Leiothlypis celata'' (A)
*Nashville warbler, ''Leiothlypis ruficapilla'' (A)
*Connecticut warbler, ''Oporornis agilis'' (A)
*Mourning warbler, ''Geothlypis philadelphia'' (A)
*Common yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis trichas'' (A)
*Hooded warbler, ''Setophaga citrina'' (A)
*American redstart, ''Setophaga ruticilla'' (A)
*Cape May warbler, ''Setophaga tigrina'' (A)
*Cerulean warbler, ''Setophaga cerulea'' (A)
*Northern parula, ''Setophaga americana'' (A)
*Magnolia warbler, ''Setophaga magnolia'' (A)
*Bay-breasted warbler, ''Setophaga castanea'' (A)
*Blackburnian warbler, ''Setophaga fusca'' (A)
*American yellow warbler, ''Setophaga aestiva'' (A)
*Chestnut-sided warbler, ''Setophaga pensylvanica'' (A)
*Blackpoll warbler, ''Setophaga striata'' (A)
*Black-throated blue warbler, ''Setophaga caerulescens'' (A)
*Palm warbler, ''Setophaga palmarum'' (A)
*Pine warbler, ''Setophaga pinus'' (A)
*Myrtle warbler, ''Setophaga coronata'' (A)
*Audubon's warbler, ''Setophaga auduboni'' (A)
*Yellow-throated warbler, ''Setophaga dominica'' (A)
*Prairie warbler, ''Setophaga discolor'' (A)
*Black-throated green warbler, ''Setophaga virens'' (A)
*Canada warbler, ''Cardellina canadensis'' (A)
*Wilson's warbler, ''Cardellina pusilla'' (A)

Cardinals and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae

Cardinals are passerine birds found in North and South America. They are also known as cardinal-grosbeaks and cardinal-buntings.

*Summer tanager, ''Piranga rubra'' (A)
*Scarlet tanager, ''Piranga olivacea'' (A)
*Rose-breasted grosbeak, ''Pheucticus ludovicianus'' (A)
*Dickcissel, ''Spiza americana'' (A)
*Blue grosbeak, ''Pheucticus caerulea'' (A)
*Indigo bunting, ''Passerina cyanea'' (A)

See also

*Lists of birds by region
*The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds

References

Checklist of birds of Europe. Avibase, LePage, Denis. 14 February 2020
*Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars, Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter. (2001). ''Birds of Europe''. Princeton University Press. pp. 74–5
BirdLife International (2004) Birds in the European Union: a status assessment.Crochet P.-A., Joynt G. (2015) AERC list of Western Palearctic birds. July 2015 version.Rouco, M., Copete, J. L., De Juana, E., Gil-Velasco, M., Lorenzo, J. A., Martín, M., Milá, B., Molina, B. & Santos, D. M. (2019) Lista de las aves de España. Edición de 2019. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.Rafael Matias, Paulo Catry, Helder Costa, Gonçalo Elias, João Jara, C.C. Moore & Ricardo Tomé (2007) Lista sistemática das aves de portugal continental. Anuário Ornitológico 5: 74-132 (2007)British Ornithologists’ Union (2017) The British List: A Checklist of Birds of Britain (9th edition). Ibis 160: 190-240.Irish Rare Birds Committee (2015) The Irish list as on 31 December 2015Overzicht van alle vogels waargenomen in Nederland, Dutch Avifauna.nlBelgian Rare Birds Committee (2014) Belgian official checklistHellenic Rarities Committee (2016) List of the birds of GreeceYann Kolbeinsson (2011) List of Icelandic Bird SpeciesBirdlife Suomi Finland: Suomessa havaitut luonnonvaraiset ei-varpuslinnut (non-passerine birds of Finland)Birdlife Suomi Finland: Suomessa havaitut luonnonvaraiset varpuslinnut (passerine birds of Finland)Netfugl.dk: Bird list of Denmark

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Lists of birds of Europe,
Lists of animals of Europe, Birds
Lists of birds by continent, Europe