Basavakalyana is a city and municipal council in the

Bidar District Bidar district is the northernmost part of the Karnataka state in India. The administrative headquarters of district is Bidar city. Geographically, it resembles the "Crown of the State", occupying its northeastern end. It is bounded by Kamared ...

of the Indian state of

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...

History

Before India's independence, Basavakalyan was called Kalyani. After independence and division of states on linguistic basis in 1956, Kalyana was renamed as BasavaKalyan in memory of Vishwaguru Basavanna, a social reformer who established

Anubhava Mantapa Anubhava Mantapa, established by Basavanna in the 12th Century C.E. is located in Basavakalyan in Bidar district of Karnataka. It is the first religious parliament in the world, whose literal meaning is "experience pavilion", and was an academy of ...

(spiritual democracy) in 12th-century India. Basavakalyan was ruled by

Western Chalukyas The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This Kannadiga dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukya'' after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan in th ...

Kalachuris of Kalyani The Kalachuris of Kalyani, also Southern Kalachuris, were a 12th-century Indian dynasty, who ruled over parts of present-day northern Karnataka and Maharashtra. This dynasty rose to power in the Deccan region between 1156 and 1181 CE (25 yea ...

Yadavas of Devagiri The Seuna, Sevuna, or Yadavas of Devagiri (IAST: Seuṇa, –1317) was a Medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a kingdom stretching from the Narmada river in the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, in the western part of t ...

, Kakatiyas,

Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).

Bahamani Sultanate The Bahmani Sultanate, or Deccan, was a Persianate Sunni Muslim Indian Kingdom located in the Deccan region. It was the first independent Muslim kingdom of the Deccan,

(Bidar, Gulbarga),

Bidar Sultanate Bidar sultanate was one of the Deccan sultanates of late medieval southern India. The sultanate emerged under the rule of Qasim Barid I in 1492 and leadership passed to his sons. Starting from the 1580s, a wave of successions occurred in th ...

Bijapur Sultanate The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi, was a Shia,Salma Ahmed Farooqui, ''A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century'', (Dorling Kindersley Pvt Ltd., 2011), 174. and later Sunni Muslim,Muhammad Qasim Firishta's T ...

, Mughals and Hyderabad Nizams.

Western Chalukyas

It was the royal capital of the

Western Chalukya The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This Kannadiga dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukya'' after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan in th ...

(

Kalyani Chalukyas The Western Chalukya Empire ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This Kannadiga dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukya'' after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan in the ...

) dynasty from 1050 to 1195.

Someshvara I Someshvara I (; ) was a king of the Western Chalukyas. Also known as "Ahavamalla" or "Trilokamalla", Someshvara succeeded his father Jayasimha II to the throne. His several military successes in Central India made him a formidable ruler of ...

(1041–1068) made Kalyana as his capital, recognised as

to differentiate with Badami Chalukyas. Later ruled by

Someshvara II Someshvara II (; ) who was administering the area around Gadag succeeded his father Someshvara I (Ahavamalla) as the Western Chalukya king. He was the eldest son of Someshvara I. During his reign Someshvara II was constantly under threat from his ...

Vikramaditya VI Vikramaditya VI (r. 1076 – 1126 CE) became the Western Chalukya King after deposing his elder brother Someshvara II, a political move he made by gaining the support of Chalukya vassals during the Chola invasion of Chalukya territory.Sen ...

Someshvara III Someshvara III (; ) was a Western Chalukya king (also known as the Kalyani Chalukyas), the son and successor of Vikramaditya VI. He ascended the throne of the Western Chalukya Kingdom in 1126 CE, or 1127 CE. Someshvara III, the third king in t ...

Jagadhekamalla III Jagadhekamalla III (r. 1164–1183 CE) succeeded Tailapa III to the highly diminished Western Chalukya empire. His rule was completely overshowded by the emergence of the Southern Kalachuris under Bijjala II who took control of Basavakalyana ...

and

Tailapa III Tailapa III (r. 1151–1164 CE) succeeded Jagadhekamalla II to the Western Chalukya throne. His rule saw the beginning of the end of the Chalukya empire. Kakatiya dynasty's Prola II warred with him, defeated and took the Chalukya king captiv ...

. King Someshwara I (1042–1068 CE) moved the capital from

Manyakheta Malkhed originally known as Manyakheta (IAST: Mānyakheṭa, Prakrit: "Mannakheḍa"), and also known as Malkhed,Village code= 311400 Malkhed (J), Gulbarga, Karnataka is a town in Karnataka, India. It is located on the banks of Kagina river i ...

(present Malkhed in Kalaburagi district) to Kalyani. During the 10th to 12th centuries he ruled nearly half of India, most of the western Deccan and South India. King

had scholars in his court such as Someshwara, Bilhana (poet of Kashmir) and Vigyaneshwara (legal expert). On 26 February 1077 Coronation of Vikramaditya VI started Chalukya Vikrama Varsha Jalsangi Temple.

Kalyani Chalukya architecture

The earliest examples of the Kalyani Chalukya style are found at

Kuknur Kuknoor (also known as Kuknur, Kukkanur or Kukanoor) is a town in Kukanoor taluk in the Koppal District of the Indian state of Karnataka, which is located about 40 km northwest of Hospet and 7 km from the Mahadeva Temple in Itagi. K ...

. The ''Kalleshvara and Navalinga temples'' here bear resemblances to early Chalukya group of

Aihole Aihole (pronounced "Eye-hoḷé"), also referred to as Aivalli, Ahivolal or Aryapura, is a historic site of ancient and medieval era Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments in Karnataka, India that dates from the sixth century through the twelfth ...

and Pattadkal. The Jaina temple at

Lakkundi Lakkundi, also referred to as Lokkugundi, was a major city prior to the 14th-century, and is now a village in Gadag District of Karnataka, India. By 10th-century, it was already a major economic and commerce center with mint operations for South ...

near

Gadag Gadag-Betageri is a city municipal council in Gadag district in the state of Karnataka, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Gadag District. The original city of Gadag and its sister city Betageri (or ''Betgeri'') have a combined cit ...

forms the next step in the improvement of this style introducing a greater ornamental effect in the treatment of the surface. The Kalyani style of architecture reached its maturity and culmination in the 12th century. Kasi Vishveshvara at Lakkundi, Mallikarjuna at Kuruvatti and

Mahadeva Temple (Itagi) The Mahadeva Temple is located in the town of Itagi in Yelburga Taluk, in the Koppal District of Karnataka state, India. It is about from Kuknur and from Lakkundi. Mahadeva Temple The Mahadeva Temple was built based on the general plan of ...

are the finest examples produced by the later Chalukya architects. The Saraswathi and Someshwara temples at

are in a mutilated condition. There are nearly one hundred monuments of the period, scattered all over the Deccan, giving us information about the artistic excellence attained by the later Chalukyas of Kalyani.

Kalachuris and Basaveshwara

succeeded

continued Kalyani as there capital. During the 12th century the

King Bijjala (1156–1167) assumed the throne, and Basaveshwara was appointed as his prime minister. Basaveshwara led a social movement to stop untouchability and gender discrimination, Shivasharana revolution took place. Basaveshwara motivated many with the ''

Vachana Vachana sahitya is a form of rhythmic writing in Kannada (see also Kannada poetry) that evolved in the 11th century and flourished in the 12th century, as a part of the Sharana movement. Madara Chennaiah, an 11th-century cobbler-saint who live ...

sahitya'', and more than 600 people became writers called ''Vachanakaras''.

Centre of social and religious movement

The centre of a great social and religious movement. In the 12th century, because of the social reformer

Basava Basaveshwara, colloquially known as Basavanna, was a 12th-century CE Indian statesman, philosopher, poet, Lingayat social reformer in the Shiva-focussed bhakti movement, and a Hindu Shaivite social reformer during the reign of the Kalyani Cha ...

, it became a seat of learning. Basava,

Akka Mahadevi Akka Mahadevi ಅಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾದೇವಿ (c.1130–1160) was one of the early female poets of the Kannada literature and a prominent person in the Lingayat Shaiva sect in the 12th century. Her 430 extant Vachana poems (a form of spont ...

Channabasavanna Channabasavanna also known as " Guru Channabasaveshwara " was Basava's nephew and one of the foremost Sharanas of the 12th century. He, along with Basava, Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi, played a pivotal role in the propagation of the Lingayat ...

Siddarama Siddheshwar also known as Siddharameshwar and Siddharama was one among the five acharya ("saint") of the Lingayat faith. Siddheshwar was a great contributor to Lingayat sampradaya of Hinduism. He was a great mystic and a Kannada poet who was ...

and other Sharanas are associated with Basavakalyan. Basava, who fought against casteism and orthodoxy in Hinduism. Vishwaguru Basavanna was a great revolutionary who established spiritual democracy called "Anubhava Mantapa" in the 12th century in India(Anubhava Mantapa – which is also called as the "First Parliament of the World". It was led by Saint Allamprabhu), and gave practical solutions to all kinds of problems mankind was suffering at that time. His teachings are time tested, scientific and proven. Basava-Tatva is never ending inspiration to achieve the welfare of mankind.

Tourism

Jalasangvi Jalasangvi (or Jalasangavi or Jalsangi) is a village in Homnabad Taluk, Bidar district, Karnataka, India. It is located close to Dubalgundi, on the Gulbarga - Bidar state highway, at the northern end of Karnataka State. Jalasangvi is famous fo ...

, Narayanapura and Shivapura there are temples of the Chalukya dynasty. Basaveshvara temple is at the centre of Basavakalyan. There are some Islamic monuments ''Moti Mahal, Hydari Mahal, Peeran Durga''. And other religious places such as ''Gachchina Matha, Kambali Matha and Sadananda Matha''. * Basavakalyana Fort was constructed by Chalukyas. Later on it was under the Nizam’s rule. There is museum in a side fort and has immense collection of historic valuables and information. There are Jain idols of the 10th-11th century. * Historical Lord Shiva Temple constructed by Chalukyas during 12th century at Narayanpur village (Just 2.5 km away from Basavakalyan) *108 feet statue of Basaveshwara *Sai Baba Temple *Munde Pali Hanuman Temple * Basaveshwara Temple *Anubhava Mantapa *Maridevara Gudda - Gavimath *Hingulambika Mandir. *There is a statue of Allamaprabhu, as the guru of the Basavanna and the related photos of Basavanna which he has worked for the people. *There is lake beside it and full of trees surrounding its Temple. *Basava Dharma Peetha Charitable Trust with the intention of reviving Sharana cultural heritage purchased a land of 3 acres on 21-12-2001 by the side of main road nearby the entrance of Basava Kalyana town. Later on the Trust purchased 17.5 acres just adjacent to the previous land and has built a prayer hall and living rooms. Haralayya Tirtha - an attractive water reservoir is formed. *Sri Basaveswara cave and Akkamahadevi cave have been chiselled and carved in laterite rock-soil. Sharana village formed pictures the concept of 12th century Sharanas engaged actively in their kayakas (occupations). *The Trust is running an orphanage. There is a hillock which is named as Sharana Shaila. On Sharana Shaila is erected Lord Basavanna’s statue of 108’ height. It is structured on a pedestal of 24 feet height, 60’ x 80’ size. ruins of lord Shiva temple of great architectural styles and written scripts can be found in a village soldapka, which is situated 20 km away from Basavakalyan.

Education

Basavakalyan is renowned for its educational heritage. It hosts a big number of educational institutes. The following table names a few of them:

Hospitals

* Viom Hospital Basavakalyan. * Mulge Multispeciality Hospital. Hiremath Colony * Governament Hospital * Patil Hospital. Shivpur Road

Geography

Basavakalyan is located at .Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Basavakalyan
/ref> It has an average elevation of 621 metres (2037 feet).

Demographics

As of the

2011 Census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...

, the city of Basavakalyan had a population of 69,717 of which 36,116 were males while 33,601 were females.

Kannada Kannada (; ಕನ್ನಡ, ), originally romanised Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 47 million native s ...

language is spoken by the majority of the population.

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people *Palaiosouda, also known as Marathi, a small island in Greece See also * * ...

Hindi Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...

and

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

Narayanapur, Bidar Narayanapur is a village situated 3 kilometres away from Basavakalyan taluk of Bidar district in the Indian state of Karnataka.Village code= 404600 Narayanapur, Bidar, Karnataka History The village is mentioned as Tribhuvana Tilaka Shri Rama N ...

* Umapur *

Bhalki Bhalki is a town in Bidar district in the Indian state of Karnataka. History First mention of the town was made as "Bhallunke" in the vachanas of 12th century sharanas. The sharana Kumbara Gundaiah was from Bhalki who was part of Bhakthi movem ...

Ulavi Ulavi is a village in the Uttara Kannada district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Ulavi is a village about from Karwar (via Kumbarawada) in Karnataka state, India. Ulavi is an important center of pilgrimage for people of the Lingayat faith ...

Kudalasangama Kudalasangama (also written as Kudala Sangama) in India is an important centre of pilgrimage for Lingayats. It is located about from the Almatti Dam in Bagalkote district of Karnataka state. The Krishna and Malaprabha River rivers merge her ...

Jangam The Jangam or Jangamaru (ಜಂಗಮರು) are a Shaiva order of religious monks. They are the priests or gurus of the Hindu Shaiva sect. Jangamas are also gurus of Veerashaiva' sect Jangamas are disciples of Lord Shiva as mentioned in Bas ...

References

{{Bidar topics Western Chalukya Empire Lingayatism Former capital cities in India Cities and towns in Bidar district