Bartolommeo Bandinelli

Baccio Bandinelli (also called Bartolommeo Brandini; 12 November 1493 – shortly before 7 February 1560), was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, draughtsman, and painter.

Biography

Bandinelli was the son of a prominent Florentine goldsmith, and first apprenticed in his shop. As a boy, he was apprenticed under Giovanni Francesco Rustici, a sculptor friend of Leonardo da Vinci. Among his earliest works was a ''Saint Jerome'' in wax, made for Giuliano de' Medici, identified as Bandinelli's by John Pope-Hennessy.

Giorgio Vasari, a former pupil in Bandinelli's workshop, claimed Bandinelli was driven by jealousy of Benvenuto Cellini and Michelangelo; and recounts that:

Bandinelli's lifelong obsession with Michelangelo is a recurring theme in assessments of his career.

Bandinelli was a leader in the group of Florentine Mannerists who were inspired by the revived interest in Donatello attendant on the installation of Donatello's bas-relief panels for the pulpit in San Lorenzo, 1515. The artist presented his relief of the ''Deposition'' to Charles V at Genoa in 1529; though the relief has been lost, a bronze from it by Antonio Susini in 1600 (Musée du Louvre) shows the decisive inspiration of Donatello's emotional pitch and intensity; Bandinelli made several drawings of the Donatello reliefs, though later in life he disparaged them in a letter to Cosimo I de' Medici.

His sculptures have never inspired the admiration given those of Michelangelo, especially the colossal (5.05 m) marble group of ''Hercules and Cacus'' (completed in 1534) in the Piazza della Signoria, Florence, and ''Adam and Eve'' in the Museo Nazionale del Bargello, which both stand within sight of some of Michelangelo's masterworks. Vasari said of him "He did nothing but make '' bozzetti'' and finished little", and modern commentators have remarked on the vitality of Bandinelli's terracotta models contrasted with the finished marbles: "all the freshness of his first approach to a subject was lost in the laborious execution in marble... A brilliant draughtsman and excellent small-scale sculptor, he had a morbid fascination for colossi which he was ill-equipped to execute. His failure as a sculptor on a grand scale was accentuated by his desire to imitate Michelangelo."

''Hercules and Cacus'' was commissioned by the Medici pope Clement VII, who had been shown a wax model. The supplied block of Carrara marble was not big enough to execute Bandinelli's wax model. He had to make new wax models, one of which was chosen by the pope as the final draft. Bandinelli had already carved the sculpture as far as the abdomen of Hercules, when during the 1527 Sack of Rome, the pope was taken prisoner. Meanwhile, in Florence, republican enemies of the Medici took advantage of the chaos to exile Ippolito de' Medici. Bandinelli, a supporter of the Medici, was also exiled. In 1530 Emperor Charles V retook Florence after a long siege. Pope Clement VII subsequently installed his illegitimate son Alessandro de' Medici as duke of Tuscany. Bandinelli then returned to Florence and continue work on the statue till completed in 1534, and transported from the Opera del Duomo to its present marble pedestal. But from the moment it was unveiled, it faced ridicule; Cellini compared the ponderous group to 'a sack full of melons'. Afterwards, the Bandinelli tried to sabotage Cellini's career. The statue was restored between February and April 1994.

Bandinelli's drawings, which have in the past masqueraded as Michelangelos in connoisseurs' collections, have come into their own in the later twentieth century.

Among Bandinelli's pupils were Vasari and Francesco de' Rossi (Il Salviati). His sons Clemente, a collaborator in his studio, and Michelangelo Bandinelli were also sculptors.

Selected works

Baccio Bandinelli's works include:

* copy of the Laocoön group, at the time in the Cortile del Belvedere, commissioned by Pope Leo X as a gift to François I. Bandinelli boasted that he would exceed the original, and when he was finished, after a hiatus during the pontificate of Adrian VI, the Medici Pope Clement VII could not bear to part with it, sent some antiquities to the King of France in its stead, and sent Baccio's ''Laocoon'' to Florence. It remains at the Uffizi.
*Tombs of the Medici popes Leo X and Clement VII in Santa Maria sopra Minerva (1536–41).
*''Bust of Cosimo I de' Medici'' (c. 1539–40) ( Metropolitan Museum of Art, acc. no. 1987.280) This had been locked away in a vault in a Swiss bank until a dealer's tip led the curator Olga Raggio to its rediscovery.
*''Monument to Giovanni delle Bande Nere'' (1540–54), a seated figure on a magnificent pedestal, in piazza San Lorenzo, Florence
* ''Pietà'' in the Basilica della Santissima Annunziata, Florence, where Bandinelli portrayed himselfBandinelli's penchant for self-portraits, both hidden and overt, is well documented. Bandinelli's terracotta ''Head of Saint Paul'', Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, is actually a self-portrait. Izabella Galicka and Hanna Sygietyńska, "A Newly Discovered Self-Portrait by Baccio Bandinelli" ''The Burlington Magazine'' 134, No. 1077 (December 1992, pp. 805–807) p. 805 note. in the figure of Joseph of Arimathea. Bandinelli is buried in the chapel, with his wife Giacoma Doni.

*''Ceres'' and ''Apollo'' (1552–1556) for niches in the façade of Buontalenti's grotto in the Boboli Gardens
* ''Orpheus'' for Palazzo Vecchio, now in the courtyard of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi. One of Bandinelli's few signed works.
* Works for the Duomo, Florence, including the high altar and its ''Adam and Eve'' (1551), now in the Bargello and ''Pietà'' now in the crypt of Santa Croce; much-praised bas-reliefs made for the enclosure of the choir, designed by the architect Giuliano di Baccio d'Angnolo (1555), now in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo; ''Saint Peter'', one of eight apostles by various sculptors in the piers of the crossing.
* Works in Palazzo Vecchio, including, in the Audience Hall, a statue of ''Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici'' and one of ''Pope Leo X blessing'' (finished after Bandinelli's death by Vincenzo de' Rossi)
*''God the Father'' (1549) in Santa Croce cloister
*''Andrea Doria as Neptune'', outside Carrara Cathedral. When Carrara was lost for a short while to the Genoese Republic, Bandinelli was commissioned to sculpt Andrea Doria. But after the city was retaken by the Florentine Republic, being such a symbol of Genoese dominion was impermissible, the statue was renamed Neptune, the Roman sea divinity, a rechristening suggested by the fountain sea creatures at the statue's base.
*In the Bargello are also a number of lesser works: ''Noah'' (bas-relief), portrait busts of Eleonora di Toledo and Cosimo I de' Medici, ''Venus'', ''Leda'', ''Hercules'', ''Bacchus'' ''Cleopatra'' and a portrait bust of an unknown man.
*A youthful portrait by Andrea del Sarto c. 1517 is conserved at the Uffizi.

See also

* Portrait of a Lady known as Smeralda Bandinelli by Botticelli (portrait of Baccio's grandmother)

Notes

References

Giorgio Vasari, ''Vite...'':
Baccio Bandinelli. The classic brief anecdotal account of Baccio's career.
*Touring Club Italiano, ''Firenze e Dintorni'' (1922) 1964.

Further reading

*Louis A. Waldman, ''Baccio Bandinelli and Art at the Medici Court: A Corpus of Early Modern Sources'' (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2004).
* Paola Barocchi, ed. ''Scritti d'arte del Cinquecento''. (Milan: Ricciardi, 1974. (pp. 1359–1411: Baccio Bandinelli: ''Il Memoriale'')
* Roger Ward, ''Baccio Bandinelli, 1493-1560: Drawings from British Collections''. (Cambridge: Fitzwilliam Museum) 1988. Exhibition catalogue of seventy-four Bandinelli drawings.

Exhibition catalog

''Leonardo da Vinci: anatomical drawings from the Royal Library, Windsor Castle''
exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Bartolommeo Bandinelli (see index)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bandinelli, Bartolommeo
1493 births
1560 deaths
Artists from Florence
Italian draughtsmen
16th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Italian Mannerist sculptors
Italian Renaissance sculptors
16th-century Italian sculptors
Italian male sculptors
Catholic painters
Catholic sculptors
Catholic draughtsmen