The Bambuseae are the most diverse
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conflic ...
of
bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, but ...
s in the grass
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...
(
Poaceae
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...
). They consist of woody species from tropical regions, including some
giant bamboo Giant bamboo is a common name for several large species of bamboo and may refer to:
* Large species in the genus ''Bambusa'' include:
** "Giant timber bamboo" (''Bambusa oldhamii''), a large (to 20 m) bamboo species originating from Taiwan
** '' Bam ...
s. Their
sister group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Definition
The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram:
Taxon A and t ...
are the small herbaceous bamboos from the tropics in tribe
Olyreae
Olyreae is a tribe of grasses in the bamboo subfamily (Bambusoideae). Unlike the other two bamboo tribes, Olyreae are herbaceous and do not have a woody stem. Their sister group are the tropical woody bamboos ( Bambuseae).
Olyreae grow in the un ...
, while the temperate woody bamboos (
Arundinarieae
Arundinarieae is a tribe of bamboo in the grass family (Poaceae) containing a single subtribe, Arundinariinae, and 31 genera. These woody bamboos occur in areas with warm temperate climates in southeastern North America, Subsaharan Africa, South ...
) are more distantly related. The Bambuseae fall into two
clades, corresponding to species from the
Neotropics
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In biog ...
(
subtribe
Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Pla ...
s
Arthrostylidiinae,
Chusqueinae, and
Guaduinae) and from the
Paleotropics The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora, inherited from the ancie ...
(subtribes
Bambusinae,
Hickeliinae,
Melocanninae, and
Racemobambosinae).
Subtribes and genera
The 73
genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomencl ...
are placed in eleven subtribes:
* subtribe
Arthrostylidiinae:
*:''
Actinocladum'', ''
Alvimia'', ''
Arthrostylidium'', ''
Athroostachys'', ''
Atractantha'', ''
Aulonemia'', ''
Cambajuva'', ''
Colanthelia'', ''
Didymogonyx'', ''
Elytrostachys'', ''
Filgueirasia'', ''
Glaziophyton'', ''
Merostachys'', ''
Myriocladus'', ''
Rhipidocladum''
* subtribe
Bambusinae:
*:''
Bambusa
''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft).
The ...
'', ''
Bonia'', ''
Cochinchinochloa'', ''
Dendrocalamus
''Dendrocalamus'' is a tropical Asian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in the Indian subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia.
'' Dendrocalamus giganteus'' is one of the tallest of bamboos, capable of reaching heig ...
'', ''
Fimbribambusa'', ''
Gigantochloa
''Gigantochloa'' is a tropical Asian and Papuasian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in southern China, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and New Guinea.
;Species
;Formerly included
see ''Bambusa
''Bamb ...
'', ''
Maclurochloa'', ''
Melocalamus'', ''
Neomicrocalamus'', ''
Oreobambos'', ''
Oxytenanthera'', ''
Phuphanochloa'', ''
Pseudobambusa'', ''
Pseudoxytenanthera'', ''
Soejatmia'', ''
Thyrsostachys'', ''
Vietnamosasa'', ''
Yersinochloa''
* subtribe
Chusqueinae:
*:''
Chusquea''
* subtribe
Dinochloinae:
*:''
Cyrtochloa'', ''
Dinochloa
''Dinochloa'' is a genus of tropical clumping high-climbing bamboos in the grass family.
These species bear zigzag
A zigzag is a pattern made up of small corners at variable angles, though constant within the zigzag, tracing a path between t ...
'', ''
Mullerochloa'', ''
Neololeba
''Neololeba'' is a tropical Asian, Australian, and Papuasian genus of bamboos in the grass family.
;Species
* '' Neololeba amahussana'' (Lindl.) Widjaja – Ambon, Seram
* '' Neololeba atra'' (Lindl.) Widjaja- Philippines, Sulawesi, Maluku, N ...
'', ''
Pinga'', ''
Parabambusa'', ''
Sphaerobambos''
* subtribe
Greslaniinae:
*:''
Greslania''
* subtribe
Guaduinae:
*:''
Apoclada'', ''
Eremocaulon'', ''
Guadua'', ''
Olmeca
''Olmeca'' is a genus of Mesoamerican bamboo in the grass family.
''Olmeca'' is the only known New World bamboo having large fleshy fruits. It also has rhizomes with long necks and very open clumps.
The genus is named for the Olmec peoples of ...
'', ''
Otatea''
* subtribe
Hickeliinae:
*:''
Cathariostachys
''Cathariostachys'' is a genus of Madagascan bamboo in the grass family.
;Species
# '' Cathariostachys capitata'' - eastern Madagascar
# '' Cathariostachys madagascariensis'' (A.Camus) S.Dransf. - central Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg ...
'', ''
Decaryochloa'', ''
Hickelia'', ''
Hitchcockella'', ''
Nastus'', ''
Perrierbambus'', ''
Sirochloa'', ''
Sokinochloa'', ''
Valiha
The valiha is a tube zither from Madagascar made from a species of local bamboo; it is considered the " national instrument" of Madagascar. The term is also used to describe a number of related zithers of differing shapes and materials.
Th ...
''
* subtribe
Holttumochloinae:
*:''
Holttumochloa'', ''
Kinabaluchloa'', ''
Nianhochloa''
* subtribe
Melocanninae:
*:''
Annamocalamus'', ''
Cephalostachyum'', ''
Davidsea'', ''
Melocanna'', ''
Neohouzeaua'', ''
Ochlandra'', ''
Pseudostachyum'', ''
Schizostachyum'', ''
Stapletonia''
* subtribe
Racemobambosinae:
*:''
Chloothamnus'', ''
Racemobambos'', ''
Widjajachloa''
* subtribe
Temburongiinae:
*:''
Temburongia''
* ''
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertaint ...
''
*:''
Ruhooglandia'', ''
Temochloa''
References
{{Authority control
Poaceae tribes