The Krivak class, Soviet designation Project 1135 ''Burevestnik'' (
storm petrel
Storm-petrel may refer to one of two bird families, both in the order Procellariiformes, once treated as the same family.
The two families are:
*Northern storm petrels (''Hydrobatidae'') are found in the Northern Hemisphere, although some species ...
), are a series of
frigate
A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat.
The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and ...
s and
guard ship
A guard ship is a warship assigned as a stationary guard in a port or harbour, as opposed to a coastal patrol boat, which serves its protective role at sea.
Royal Navy
In the Royal Navy of the eighteenth century, peacetime guard ships were usual ...
s (
patrol boat
A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship, or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence, border security, or law enforcement. There are many designs for patrol boats, and the ...
s) built in the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
primarily for the
Soviet Navy since 1970. Later some sub-branches, like the ''Nerey'' (
Nereus
In Greek mythology, Nereus ( ; ) was the eldest son of Pontus (the Sea) and Gaia (the Earth), with Pontus himself being a son of Gaia. Nereus and Doris became the parents of 50 daughters (the Nereids) and a son ( Nerites), with whom Nereus liv ...
) were designed for coastal patrol by the
KGB Border Troops
The Soviet Border Troops (russian: Пограничные войска СССР, Pogranichnyye voyska SSSR) were the border guard of the Soviet Union, subordinated to the Soviet state security agency: first to the '' Cheka''/ OGPU, then to N ...
. Until 1977, the ships in the class were considered to be large anti-submarine warfare vessels.
These ships are commonly known by their
NATO reporting class name of Krivak and are divided into Krivak I, Krivak II, Krivak IV (navy), and Krivak III (coast guard) classes.
History
The frigates were designed as a successor to the . The design started in the late 1950s and matured as an anti-submarine ship in the 1960s. The first ship was that was commissioned in 1970.
A total of 40 ships were built, 32 ships for the
Soviet Navy and 8 modified ships of the ''Nerey'' (Krivak III) subclass for the
KGB Maritime Border Guard. Currently 2 vessels of the ''Nerey'' subclass are in service with the FSB Coast Guard and one was the flagship of the
Ukrainian Navy
The Military Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine ( uk, Військо́во-морські́ си́ли Збро́йних сил Украї́ни, ВМС ЗСУ) is the maritime forces of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Arme ...
(scuttled in 2022 to avoid capture).
The ship's unique features — the bow missile box, the stack and the angled mast, earned it a rap-like nickname among
U. S. sailors that comes from their foreign ship silhouette identification training — "Hot dog pack, Smokestack, Knife in the Back, two Guns in the Back — Krivak."
The
Indian Navy
The Indian Navy is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy. As a blue-water navy, it operates sig ...
ordered six frigates of upgraded Krivak III class as the . Three ships were delivered in 2003–2004. Three more were delivered in 2011–2012.
On 12 October 2010, it was announced that the
Yantar Shipyard
Yantar Shipyard (russian: Прибалтийский судостроительный завод «Янтарь») is a Russian shipbuilding company based in Kaliningrad, Russia.
Yantar Shipyard builds military ships, including antisubmarine and ...
at
Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...
had won a contract for construction of three new warships for the
Russian Navy. The construction of the frigates for the Russian Navy will be carried out in parallel with the construction of the same-type frigates for the Indian Navy.
Variants
* Project 1135 Burevestnik (Krivak I): Design process started in 1956 as an anti-surface frigate successor to the Riga-class frigate. The role changed to an anti-submarine ship powered by gas turbines and armed with the
SS-N-14
''Metel'' Anti-Ship Complex (russian: противолодочный комплекс «Метель» 'Snowstorm'; NATO reporting name: SS-N-14 Silex) is a Russian family of anti-submarine missiles. There are different anti-submarine variants ('M ...
missile. The main building yards were
Zhdanov Yard (now known as Northern Shipyard) (
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
), Yantar Yard (
Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad ( ; rus, Калининград, p=kəlʲɪnʲɪnˈɡrat, links=y), until 1946 known as Königsberg (; rus, Кёнигсберг, Kyonigsberg, ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbɛrk; rus, Короле́вец, Korolevets), is the largest city and ...
) and Kamysh Burun Yard, (
Kerch, Crimea). NATO referred to these ships as Krivak I-class. (21 ships built).
* Project 1135M Burevestnik M (Krivak II): This group of ships were fitted with single 100 mm
AK-100 guns instead of the twin 76 mm
AK-726 weapons of the Burevestnik design. They also had a redesigned
Variable Depth Sonar
A towed array sonar is a system of hydrophones towed behind a submarine or a surface ship on a cable. Trailing the hydrophones behind the vessel, on a cable that can be kilometers long, keeps the array's sensors away from the ship's own noise sour ...
(VDS) installation. All of these ships were built in Kaliningrad. NATO referred to these ships as Krivak II class. (11 ships built).
* Project 11351 Nerey (Krivak III): These ships lacked the SS-N-14 missile system, which was replaced by a helicopter and hangar, and only one 100 mm gun at the bow of the ship. All ships were built in Kerch and were intended for the
Soviet Border Troops
The Soviet Border Troops (russian: Пограничные войска СССР, Pogranichnyye voyska SSSR) were the border guard of the Soviet Union, subordinated to the Soviet state security agency: first to the ''Cheka''/State Political Di ...
under the
KGB
The KGB (russian: links=no, lit=Committee for State Security, Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ), a=ru-KGB.ogg, p=kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ, Komitet gosud ...
. Two ships remain in service with the Russian
FSB Coast Guard and one ship was in service with the
Ukrainian Navy
The Military Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine ( uk, Військо́во-морські́ си́ли Збро́йних сил Украї́ни, ВМС ЗСУ) is the maritime forces of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Arme ...
until being scuttled in 2022 to avoid capture. It is believed that a single incomplete Krivak III hull (''Hetman Bayda Vyshnevetsky'' c. 1995) from Ukraine was transferred to Russia and then to the
Korean People's Navy
The Korean People's Army Naval Force (KPANF; Korean: 조선인민군 해군; Hanja: 朝鮮人民軍 海軍; ''Chosŏn-inmingun Haegun''; ) or the Korean People's Navy (KPN), is the naval service branch of the Korean People's Army, which contain ...
. NATO referred to these ships as Krivak III class. (8 ships built).
* Project 11352/11353 (Krivak IV): This was a modernization of the Project 1135 (Krivak I) ships ''Leningradski Komsomolets'' (renamed ''Legkiy'' in 1992), ''Letuchiy'', ''Pylkiy'' and ''Zharkiy'' of the Krivak I group. The refit involved replacing the
RBU-6000
The RBU-6000 Smerch-2 (Реактивно-Бомбовая Установка, ''Reaktivno-Bombovaja Ustanovka''; reaction engine-bomb installation & Смерч; waterspout) is a 213 mm caliber Soviet Union, Soviet anti-submarine weapon, a ...
anti-submarine mortars with
SS-N-25
The Zvezda Kh-35 (russian: Х-35 , AS-20 'Kayak') is a Soviet turbojet subsonic cruise anti-ship missile. The missile can be launched from helicopters, surface ships and coastal defence batteries with the help of a rocket booster, in which c ...
anti-ship missiles, new radar, sonar and ECM equipment. These ships completed their refits in 1990–1992, and others were to have been modernised but the programme was cancelled with the collapse of the Soviet Union. NATO referred to these ships after their modernization as Krivak IV class.
* Project 11356 (): This is an advanced derivative built for the
Indian Navy
The Indian Navy is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy. As a blue-water navy, it operates sig ...
from 1999 to 2012. Three improved ''Nerey'' frigates were ordered by the
Indian Navy
The Indian Navy is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy. As a blue-water navy, it operates sig ...
on 17 November 1997. They are known as ''Talwar''-class frigates in Indian naval service. Three more, armed with the
BrahMos
The BrahMos (also designated as PJ-10)[Black Sea Fleet
Chernomorskiy flot
, image = Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet.svg
, image_size = 150px
, caption = Great emblem of the Black Sea fleet
, dates = May 13, ...](_blank)
under two contracts signed in 2010–2011, with the first ship laid down on 18 December 2010. However, due to the non-delivery of the Ukrainian gas-turbines, construction of frigates ''Admiral Butakov'' and ''Admiral Istomin'' was suspended in spring 2015. Despite earlier reports about the resumption of construction of the incomplete frigates, in October 2018, it was announced the frigates ''Admiral Butakov'' and ''Admiral Istomin'' will be sold to India under a $950 million contract signed the same month.
The last frigate, the former ''Admiral Kornilov'', is to be sold abroad. (Total: 3 ships built for the Russian Navy, 3 ships under construction for sale abroad).
Ships
Gallery
File:USS Yorktown collision.jpg, Soviet Krivak-class frigate ''Bezzavetnyy'' collides with the US cruiser in the 1988 incident
File:Poryvistyy1987.jpg, Soviet Krivak I-class guided-missile frigate ''Poryvistyy''
File:Krivak II class frigate, port beam view.jpg, Soviet Krivak II-class guided-missile frigate ''Pytlivyy''
File:Imeni 70-letiya VCheKa-KGB 1.jpg, Soviet KGB Border Troops Krivak III-class frigate ''Imeni 70-Letiya Pogranichnykh Voisk'' (renamed ''Anadyr'' in Russian Coast Guard service) in 1988. KGB ensign
An ensign is the national flag flown on a vessel to indicate nationality. The ensign is the largest flag, generally flown at the stern (rear) of the ship while in port. The naval ensign (also known as war ensign), used on warships, may be diffe ...
is risen
File:Українсько-американське навчання “Сі Бриз - 2016” (28075162974).jpg, Krivak III-class frigate was the flagship of the Ukrainian Navy
The Military Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine ( uk, Військо́во-морські́ си́ли Збро́йних сил Украї́ни, ВМС ЗСУ) is the maritime forces of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Arme ...
until 2022.
File:Vorovskiy2009PortAngeles.jpg, FSB Coast Guard Krivak III-class frigate ''Vorovskiy'' in Port Angeles, 2009
See also
*
List of ships of the Soviet Navy
This is a list of ships and classes of the Soviet Navy.
Corvettes
In the Soviet Navy these were classified as small anti-submarine ships (MPK) or small missile ships (MRK).
* (projects 122A, 122bis)
* (project 204)
* (project 1124 ''Al'bat ...
*
List of ships of Russia by project number
The list of ships of Russia by project number includes all Russian ships by assigned project numbers. Ship descriptions are Russian assigned classifications when known. (The Russian term "проект" can be translated either as the cognate "pr ...
*
List of naval ship classes in service
The list of naval ship classes in service includes all combatant surface classes in service currently with navies or armed forces and auxiliaries in the world. Ships are grouped by type, and listed alphabetically within.
For other vessels, see ...
References
Bibliography
* Also published as
*
External links
Project "1135"in Encyclopedia of Ships
at FAS.org
1135 Krivak classat Warfare.be
Photo album
Russian Navy Sinks Flagship With Parade Mine– 1995 mine accident
{{Ukrainian ships
Frigate classes
Cold War frigates of the Soviet Union