British official war artists were a select group of artists who were employed on contract, or commissioned to produce specific works during the First World War, the Second World War and select military actions in the post-war period.Tolson, Roger
"A Common Cause: Britain's War Artists Scheme."
Canadian War Museum, 2005. Official war artists have been appointed by governments for information or propaganda purposes and to record events on the battlefield; but there are many other types of war artist. A war artist will have depicted some aspect of war through art; this might be a pictorial record or it might commemorate how war shapes lives.

Imperial War Museum Imperial War Museums (IWM) is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England, three of which are in London. Founded as the Imperial War Museum in 1917, the museum was intended to record the civil and military ...

(IWM)
About the Imperial War Museum
A war artist creates a visual account of war by showing its impact as men and women are shown waiting, preparing, fighting, suffering and celebrating.

Canadian War Museum The Canadian War Museum (french: link=no, Musée canadien de la guerre; CWM) is a national museum on the country's military history in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The museum serves as both an educational facility on Canadian military history, in a ...

(CWM)
"Australia, Britain and Canada in the Second World War,"
2005. The works produced by war artists illustrate and record many aspects of war, and the individual's experience of war, whether allied or enemy, service or civilian, military or political, social or cultural. The rôle of the artist and his or her work embraces the causes, course and consequences of conflict and it has an essentially educational purpose.

First World War

Throughout the early years of the First World War, the British Government did not support an official war artist scheme. This began to change after artists who had served on the Western Front, such as Paul Nash and

Christopher R. W. Nevinson Christopher Richard Wynne Nevinson (13 August 1889 – 7 October 1946) was an English figure and landscape painter, etcher and lithographer, who was one of the most famous war artists of World War I. He is often referred to by his initial ...

exhibited paintings based on their experiences in France. The public acclaim that

Eric Kennington Eric Henri Kennington (12 March 1888 – 13 April 1960) was an English sculptor, artist and illustrator, and an official war artist in both World Wars. As a war artist, Kennington specialised in depictions of the daily hardships endured by s ...

received when his painting ''

The Kensingtons at Laventie ''The Kensingtons at Laventie'' is a large oil painting on glass by Eric Kennington completed in 1915 that depicts a First World War platoon of British troops. The group depicted was Kennington's own infantry platoon; Platoon No 7, C Company, th ...

'' was first exhibited in London in April 1916 prompted

Charles Masterman Charles Frederick Gurney Masterman PC (24 October 1873 – 17 November 1927) was a British radical Liberal Party politician, intellectual and man of letters. He worked closely with such Liberal leaders as David Lloyd George and Winston Church ...

, head of the British War Propaganda Bureau, acting on the advice of

William Rothenstein Sir William Rothenstein (29 January 1872 – 14 February 1945) was an English painter, printmaker, draughtsman, lecturer, and writer on art. Emerging during the early 1890s, Rothenstein continued to make art right up until his death. Though he c ...

, to appoint

Muirhead Bone Sir Muirhead Bone (23 March 1876 – 21 October 1953) was a Scottish etcher and watercolourist who became known for his depiction of industrial and architectural subjects and his work as a war artist in both the First and Second World Wars. A fi ...

as Britain's first official war artist in May 1916. After Bone returned to England he was replaced by his brother-in-law, Francis Dodd, who had been working for the ''

Manchester Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...

''. In 1917 arrangements were made to send other artists to France including Kennington, Nash, Nevinson,

William Orpen Major Sir William Newenham Montague Orpen, (27 November 1878 – 29 September 1931) was an Irish artist who worked mainly in London. Orpen was a fine draughtsman and a popular, commercially successful painter of portraits for the well-to-do in ...

and

John Lavery Sir John Lavery (20 March 1856 – 10 January 1941) was a Northern Irish painter best known for his portraits and wartime depictions. Life and career John Lavery was born in inner North Belfast, baptised at St Patrick's Church, Belfast a ...

and others were recruited to paint pictures of the home front. Early in 1918, responsibility for the British war artists was passed to the

British War Memorials Committee The British War Memorials Committee was a British Government body that throughout 1918 was responsible for the commissioning of artworks to create a memorial to the First World War. The Committee was formed in February 1918 when the Department of In ...

, BWMC, when the Department of Information became the Ministry of Information with

Lord Beaverbrook William Maxwell Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook (25 May 1879 – 9 June 1964), generally known as Lord Beaverbrook, was a Canadian-British newspaper publisher and backstage politician who was an influential figure in British media and politics o ...

as its Minister. Rather than focus on short-term propaganda, the main aim of the BMWC was to create a lasting memorial to the war in the form of a national

Hall of Remembrance The Hall of Remembrance was a series of paintings and sculptures commissioned, in 1918, by the British War Memorials Committee of the British Ministry of Information in commemoration of the dead of World War I. History The artworks commissi ...

. To this end younger artists, including

Stanley Spencer Sir Stanley Spencer, CBE RA (30 June 1891 – 14 December 1959) was an English painter. Shortly after leaving the Slade School of Art, Spencer became well known for his paintings depicting Biblical scenes occurring as if in Cookham, the small ...

and

Wyndham Lewis Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 March 1957) was a British writer, painter and critic. He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art and edited ''BLAST,'' the literary magazine of the Vorticists. His novels include ''Tarr'' ( ...

, were commissioned by the BWMC to produce a series of large artworks, After the War, when the BWMC was wound up, this series of artworks, which included '' The Menin Road'' by Paul Nash and '' Gassed'' by

John Singer Sargent John Singer Sargent (; January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American expatriate artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation" for his evocations of Edwardian-era luxury. He created roughly 900 oil paintings and more ...

, became part of the

collection.

Second World War

The British War Advisory Scheme (WAS) was administered by the

War Artists' Advisory Committee The War Artists Advisory Committee (WAAC), was a British government agency established within the Ministry of Information at the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 and headed by Sir Kenneth Clark. Its aim was to compile a comprehensive artist ...

, WAAC, of the Ministry of Information. The project was devised and run by

Kenneth Clark Kenneth Mackenzie Clark, Baron Clark (13 July 1903 – 21 May 1983) was a British art historian, museum director, and broadcaster. After running two important art galleries in the 1930s and 1940s, he came to wider public notice on television ...

, Director of the

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director o ...

. When the committee was dissolved in December 1945 its collection consisted of 5,570 works of art produced by over four hundred artists, who had been employed on either full-time contracts, short-term contracts or commissions for individual works.

Selected artists

First World War

Anna Airy Anna Airy (6 June 1882 – 23 October 1964) was an English oil painter, pastel artist and etcher. She was one of the first women officially commissioned as a war artist and was recognised as one of the leading women artists of her generation. ...

(1882–1964) *

David Bomberg David Garshen Bomberg (5 December 1890 – 19 August 1957) was a British painter, and one of the Whitechapel Boys. Bomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry ...

(1890–1957). *

, 1876–1953. *

Frank Brangwyn Sir Frank William Brangwyn (12 May 1867 – 11 June 1956) was a Welsh artist, painter, watercolourist, printmaker, illustrator, and designer. Brangwyn was an artistic jack-of-all-trades. As well as paintings and drawings, he produced des ...

, 1867–1956. *

Philip Connard Philip Connard, (24 March 1875 – 8 December 1958) was a British painter known particularly for his paintings of decorative landscapes. Connard rose from humble origins to become an eminent artist in oils and watercolours whose commissions bro ...

, 1875–1958. *

George Clausen Sir George Clausen (18 April 1852 – 22 November 1944) was a British artist working in oil and watercolour, etching, mezzotint, dry point and occasionally lithographs. He was knighted in 1927. Biography George Clausen was born at 8 William S ...

, 1852–1944. *

Olive Edis Mary Olive Edis, later Edis-Galsworthy (3 September 1876 – 28 December 1955), was a British photographer and successful businesswoman who, throughout her career, owned several studios in London and East Anglia. Known primarily for her studio ...

, 1876–1955. *

Colin Gill Colin Unwin Gill (12 May 1892 – 16 November 1940) was an English artist who painted murals and portraits and is most notable for the work he produced as a war artist during the First World War. Biography Early life Colin Gill was born at ...

, 1892–1940. *

Adrian Hill Adrian Keith Graham Hill (24 March 1895 – 1977) was a British artist, writer, art therapist, educator and broadcaster. Hill served with the Honourable Artillery Company during World War I and was the first artist commissioned by the Imperial ...

, 1895–1977. *

Francis Ernest Jackson Francis Ernest Jackson (15 August 1872 – 11 March 1945) was a British painter, Drawing, draughtsman, Poster#Propaganda and political posters, poster designer and lithographer. Background Francis Ernest Jackson was born on 15 August 1872 in ...

, 1872–1945 *

Augustus John Augustus Edwin John (4 January 1878 – 31 October 1961) was a Welsh painter, draughtsman, and etcher. For a time he was considered the most important artist at work in Britain: Virginia Woolf remarked that by 1908 the era of John Singer Sarg ...

, 1878–1961. *

RA, 1888–1960. *

, 1882–1957. * John Hodgson Lobley, 1878–1954. *

Fortunino Matania Chevalier Fortunino Matania (16 April 1881 – 8 February 1963) was an Italian artist noted for his realistic portrayal of World War I trench warfare and of a wide range of historical subjects. Life Born in Naples, the son of artist Eduardo Mat ...

* John Nash, 1893–1977. * Paul Nash, 1889–1946. *

Herbert Arnould Olivier __NOTOC__ Herbert Arnould Olivier, R.I. (9 September 1861 – 2 March 1952), was a British artist, best known for his portrait and landscape paintings. He was an uncle of Laurence Olivier. Life Olivier was born in Battle, East Sussex, En ...

, 1861–1952. *

Sir William Orpen Major Sir William Newenham Montague Orpen, (27 November 1878 – 29 September 1931) was an Irish artist who worked mainly in London. Orpen was a fine draughtsman and a popular, commercially successful painter of portraits for the well-to-do i ...

RA, 1878–1931; * Charles ''Snaffles'' Johnson Payne (1884–1967); *

Gerald Spencer Pryse Gerald Spencer Pryse (1882–1956) was a British artist and lithographer. Biography Born at Ashton, Pryse studied in London and Paris, and first won a prize at the Venice International Exhibition in 1907. In the same year, he joined the Fabian ...

, 1882–1956. *

, 1872–1945. *

Austin Spare Austin Osman Spare (30 December 1886 – 15 May 1956) was an English artist and occultism, occultist who worked as both a draughtsman and a painter. Influenced by Symbolism (arts), symbolism and art nouveau his art was known for its clear use o ...

, 1886–1956. * Sir Stanley Spencer RA, 1891–1959. *

Leonard Campbell Taylor Leonard Campbell Taylor (12 December 1874 – 1 July 1969) was a British painter, mainly of portraits and Interior portrait, interiors in a traditional style. Among his patrons was the founding family of Courtaulds and the Courtauld Institute o ...

, 1874–1969

Second World War

Edward Ardizzone Edward Jeffrey Irving Ardizzone, (16 October 1900 – 8 November 1979), who sometimes signed his work "DIZ", was an English painter, print-maker and war artist, and the author and illustrator of books, many of them for children. For ''Tim All ...

CBE The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the civil service. It was established o ...

RA, 1900–1979. *

Edward Bawden Edward Bawden, (10 March 1903 – 21 November 1989) was an English painter, illustrator and graphic artist, known for his prints, book covers, posters, and garden metalwork furniture. Bawden taught at the Royal College of Art, where he had be ...

RA, 1903–1989. * Stephen Bone 1904–1958 *

1890–1957 *

Henry Carr Henry Carr (November 27, 1941 – May 29, 2015) was an American track and field athlete who won two gold medals at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.RA, 1894–1970 * Leslie Cole, 1910–1976 *

Charles Cundall Charles Ernest Cundall, , (6 September 1890 – 4 November 1971), was an English painter of topographical subjects and townscapes, best known for his large panoramic canvases. Early life Cundall was born in Stretford, Lancashire. Afte ...

, 1890–1971 * Evelyn Mary Dunbar * Richard Eurich, 1903-1989. *

Barnett Freedman Barnett Freedman CBE RDI (19 May 1901 – 4 January 1958) was a British painter, commercial designer, book illustrator, typographer, and lithographer. Biography Early life and education Barnett Freedman was born in Stepney, in the east en ...

* Ethel Gabain, 1882–1950 *

Charles Ginner Charles Isaac Ginner (4 March 1878 – 6 January 1952) was a British painter of landscape and urban subjects. Born in the south of France at Cannes, of British parents, in 1910 he settled in London, where he was an associate of Spencer Gore a ...

Duncan Grant Duncan James Corrowr Grant (21 January 1885 – 8 May 1978) was a British painter and designer of textiles, pottery, theatre sets and costumes. He was a member of the Bloomsbury Group. His father was Bartle Grant, a "poverty-stricken" major ...

, 1885–1978 *

Thomas Hennell Thomas Hennell (16 April 1903 – 1945) was a British artist and writer who specialised in illustrations and essays on the subject of the British countryside. He was an official war artist during the Second World War and was killed while ser ...

, 1903–1945 *

Eliot Hodgkin Eliot Hodgkin (19 June 1905 – 30 May 1987) was an English painter, born at Purley Lodge, Purley-on-Thames, near Pangbourne, Berkshire."Eliot Hodgkin ''Painter & Collector'', p. 7 Hodgkin began with oil painting in the late 1920s and in 1937 ...

, 1905–1987 * Eric Kennington, RA, 1888–1960. *

Mary Kessell Mary Merlin Kessell (13 November 1914 – 1977)Les peintres Britannique dans les salons parisiens des origines a 1939, Béatrice Crespon-Halotier, Oliver Meslay, Echelle de Jacob, 2003, p. 308 was a British figurative painter, illustrator, des ...

, 1914–1977. *

Laura Knight Dame Laura Knight ( Johnson; 4 August 1877 – 7 July 1970) was an English artist who worked in oils, watercolours, etching, engraving and drypoint. Knight was a painter in the figurative, realist tradition, who embraced English Impressi ...

DBE RA, 1877–1970. *

L. S. Lowry Laurence Stephen Lowry ( ; 1 November 1887 – 23 February 1976) was an English artist. His drawings and paintings mainly depict Pendlebury, Lancashire (where he lived and worked for more than 40 years) as well as Salford and its vicinity ...

* John Mansbridge, 1901–1981 *

Henry Moore Henry Spencer Moore (30 July 1898 – 31 August 1986) was an English artist. He is best known for his semi- abstract monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as public works of art. As well as sculpture, Moore produced ...

* James Morris * Paul Nash, 1889–1946. *

Mervyn Peake Mervyn Laurence Peake (9 July 1911 – 17 November 1968) was an English writer, artist, poet, and illustrator. He is best known for what are usually referred to as the '' Gormenghast'' books. The four works were part of what Peake conceived ...

, 1911–1968 * John Piper *

Roland Vivian Pitchforth Roland Vivian Pitchforth RA ARWS (25 April 1895 – 6 August 1982) was an English painter, teacher and an official British war artist during the Second World War. He excelled at watercolours and in later years concentrated on landscapes, sea ...

, 1895–1982 *

Eric Ravilious Eric William Ravilious (22 July 1903 – 2 September 1942) was a British painter, designer, book illustrator and wood-engraver. He grew up in Sussex, and is particularly known for his watercolours of the South Downs and other English landsca ...

, 1903–1942 * Albert Richards, 1919–1945 * Leonard Rosoman RA, 1913–2012 *

Alan Sorrell Alan Ernest Sorrell (11 February 1904 – 21 December 1974) was an English artist and writer best remembered for his archaeological illustrations, particularly his detailed reconstructions of Roman Britain. He was a Senior Assistant Instructo ...

, 1904–1974. * Ruskin Spear RA, 1911–1990 * Stanley Spencer RA, 1891–1959. *

Graham Sutherland Graham Vivian Sutherland (24 August 1903 – 17 February 1980) was a prolific English artist. Notable for his paintings of abstract landscapes and for his portraits of public figures, Sutherland also worked in other media, including printmaking ...

OM, 1903–1980 *

Carel Weight Carel Victor Morlais Weight, (10 September 1908 – 13 August 1997) was an English painter. Biography Weight was born in Paddington in 1908. His father was a bank cashier and his mother, who was of Swedish and German descent, was a chirop ...

RA, 1908–1997 *

Doris Zinkeisen Doris Clare Zinkeisen (31 July 1898 – 3 January 1991) was a Scottish theatrical stage and costume designer, painter, commercial artist, and writer. She was best known for her work in theatrical design. Early life Doris Zinkeisen was born in C ...

, 1898–1991 *

Anna Zinkeisen Anna Katrina Zinkeisen (29 August 1901 – 23 September 1976) was a Scottish painter and artist. Biography Zinkeisen was born in Kilcreggan, the daughter of Clare Bolton-Charles and Victor Zinkeisen, a timber merchant. The family moved to Mid ...

, 1901–1976

Conflicts since the Second World War

Since the First World War and the

Imperial War Museums Imperial War Museums (IWM) is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England, three of which are in London. Founded as the Imperial War Museum in 1917, the museum was intended to record the civil and military ...

' establishment of a national collection of Official War Art, the IWM has played a major role in Official War Artist commissioning. In the early 1970s, for the first time since the Second World War and the WAAC scheme, the IWM revived official commissioning with the establishment of the Art Commissions Committee (ACC) and by sending

Ken Howard (artist) Kenneth Howard OBE RA (26 December 1932 – 11 September 2022) was a British artist and painter. He was President of the New English Art Club from 1998 to 2003. Life and art Ken Howard was born in London. After attending Kilburn Grammar Sc ...

to cover

the Troubles The Troubles ( ga, Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "i ...

in Northern Ireland. This was soon followed by

Linda Kitson Linda Kitson (born 17 February 1945) is a British artist. She is best known for her work as an official war artist during the Falklands Conflict. Early life Kitson studied at St Martins School of Art and the Royal College of Art, where she speci ...

's commission for the Falklands conflict, and has continued with many later projects, including

Peter Howson Peter Howson OBE (born 27 March 1958) is a Scottish painter. He was a British official war artist in 1993 during the Bosnian War. Early life Peter Howson was born in London of Scottish parents and moved with his family to Prestwick, A ...

's work in Bosnia and more recently

Steve McQueen (director) Sir Steve Rodney McQueen (born 9 October 1969) is a British film director, film producer, screenwriter, and video artist. He is known for his award-winning film ''12 Years a Slave'' (2013), an adaptation of Solomon Northup's 1853 slave narra ...

's work in Iraq, among others. Today the IWM's commissioning relates to all aspects of British and Commonwealth Forces' activities. Furthermore, not all commissioned artists are embedded within the military, some working with non-governmental organisations or independently.

IWM official war artists since 1979

* Derek Eland, born 1961 (Afghanistan 2011) * Mark Neville, born 1966 (Afghanistan 2011; commission by

firstsite Firstsite is a visual arts organisation based in Colchester, Essex, which opened in 2011. It was the national Art Fund's Museum of the Year in 2021. The building Firstsite occupy as tenants was designed by Rafael Viñoly and the freehold is ret ...

, Colchester, in association with the IWM) *

(Iraq, 2004–6) *

Langlands & Bell Langlands & Bell are two artists who work collaboratively. Ben Langlands (born London 1955) and Nikki Bell (born London 1959), began collaborating in 1978, while studying Fine Art at Middlesex Polytechnic in North London, from 1977 to 1980. Arti ...

(Afghanistan, 2003) *

Paul Seawright Paul Seawright (born 1965) is a Northern Irish artist. He is the professor of photography and the Deputy Vice Chancellor (previously Executive Dean of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences at Belfast School of Art) at Ulster University in Belf ...

(Afghanistan, 2002) *

, born 1958 (Bosnia) * John Keane, born 1954 (Gulf War) *

, born 1945 (Falklands War) *

(Northern Ireland, 1979)

Other war artists' schemes

Working with the British Government and the Armed Forces, traditionally the Official War Artists' schemes have been overseen by artists (including

) and art historians (including

and curators from the

). Yet so too have the British Armed Forces discretely appointed their own war artists to represent operations on the Home Front and in conflicts abroad, whose commissions have been vitally important for keeping an up-to-date artist's impression and record of contemporary warfare. During the Second World War, for example, the

RAF The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and ...

commissioned artists to make portraits of its personnel, including

Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain, also known as the Air Battle for England (german: die Luftschlacht um England), was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defende ...

pilots, as well as of the machinery of war – the aircraft – not with the War Artists' Advisory Committee, but independently through the Air Ministry, using a distinct RAF fund. Away from

's purview (and to his annoyance), this enabled the RAF freedom to choose artists and subjects they felt celebrated their achievements and priorities.

Cuthbert Orde Captain Cuthbert Julian Orde (18 December 1888 – 19 December 1968) was an artist and First World War pilot. He is best known for his war art, especially his portraits of Allied Battle of Britain pilots. Family background Orde was born on 18 D ...

and

, among others, were commissioned under this scheme to produce portraits – a genre

did not much rate as a strength in British painting at that time (although with the WAAC he had commissioned

to produce portrait pastels for the Air Ministry as Official War Artist). During the Second World War there were many kinds of 'war artist', besides those officially commissioned through the WAAC – such as the Firemen Artists and the Civil Defence Artists, who exhibited regularly at the

Royal Academy of Arts The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its purpo ...

and elsewhere in London. Women artists, furthermore, were largely overlooked for WAAC commissions, comprising around 13 percent of all artists commissioned in the Second World War, while those who received commissions, including

, mostly worked to short-term contracts. War subjects by women artists were nonetheless exhibited and collected throughout the war, and a number were selectively purchased by the WAAC, even if not commissioned. Largely, 'women's subjects' concerned the war effort, including nursing, their work as members of the

Women's Auxiliary Air Force The Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF), whose members were referred to as WAAFs (), was the female auxiliary of the Royal Air Force during World War II. Established in 1939, WAAF numbers exceeded 180,000 at its peak strength in 1943, with over 2 ...

, or as Air Raid Precautions wardens, and a number of female artists depicted ruin scenes of the Blitz. Today such works are celebrated as important examples of British war art. Works by artists outside of official commissioning schemes have been purchased for the nation as records of modern conflict, and these are wide-ranging and insightful, shedding light on a broader range of perspectives, including those of Service personnel who make art, and of emigre or refugee artists. Today artists work with the British Armed Forces to ensure contemporary conflicts are covered – maintaining the tradition of the artist's record – while museums continue both to commission and purchase war art for the nation.

Armed Forces and independent war artists

(Second World War, RAF commission) *

Frank Wootton (artist) Frank Albert Antony Wootton OBE PPGAvA (30 July 1911 – 21 April 1998) was an military art, aviation artist, famous for his works depicting the Royal Air Force during the World War II, Second World War. Early life Wootton was born in Milfo ...

(Second World War, RAF / RCAF commission) * David Rowlands (Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq, Afghanistan) *

Alixandra Fazzina Alixandra Fazzina (born 1974) is a British photojournalist. Her first book is ''A Million Shillings – Escape from Somalia.'' In 2008 she was the recipient of the Vic Odden Award from the Royal Photographic Society. In 2010 she won the UNHCR's ...

(Bosnia, 1995; Army commission) * Matthew Cook (Afghanistan, 2006-9 – 'Times Official War Artist') * Jules George (Afghanistan, 2010,

Ministry of Defence {{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states ...

posted with the Army)

References

* McCloskey, Barbara. (2005). ''Artists of World War II''. Westport: Greenwood Press. ;

External links

Ministry of Defence (UK) The Ministry of Defence (MOD or MoD) is the department responsible for implementing the defence policy set by His Majesty's Government, and is the headquarters of the British Armed Forces. The MOD states that its principal objectives are to ...

(MOD),
MOD art collection, war artists
* The_Art_of_War
at_The_National_Archives
Imperial_War_Museum_Collections
_many_examples_of_the_work_of_British_war_artists_can_be_found_online_here. British_war_artists.html" ;"title="National Archives (UK)
The Art of War
at The National Archives
Imperial War Museum Collections
many examples of the work of British war artists can be found online here. British war artists"> Military of the United Kingdom Lists of war artists

First World War

Second World War

Selected artists

First World War

Second World War

Conflicts since the Second World War

IWM official war artists since 1979

Other war artists' schemes

Armed Forces and independent war artists

See also

References

Further reading

External links