''Brenthis daphne'', the marbled fritillary, is a
butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprise ...
of the family
Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...
.
Subspecies
Subspecies include:
[
* ''B. d. daphne'' (Europe)
* ''B. d. fumidia'' (Butler, 1882) (Korea)
* ''B. d. rabdia'' Butler, 1877 (Japan)
* ''B. d. ochroleuca'' (Fruhstorfer, 1907) (Caucasus, western Siberia)
* ''B. d. nikator'' (Fruhstorfer, 1909)
* ''B. d. japygia'' (Stauder, 1921
* ''B. d. iwatensis'' Okano, 1951 (Sakhalin, Kuril Islands)
]
Distribution and habitat
This widespread species is present in the Palearctic realm
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa.
The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sib ...
from the southern parts of continental Europe (northern Spain, southern France, Germany, Italy, and eastwards to Slovakia and Greece), to the Caucasus, western Siberia, Korea and Japan.["''Brenthis'' Hübner, [1819]"]
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' It prefers warm and sunny forest edges, woodland and bushy areas where the host plants grow, at an elevation of above sea level.[
]
Description
''Brenthis daphne'' has a wingspan of .[ The chrysalis has two dorsal rows of thorns with bright spots and a bright metallic shine.
This species is very similar to the lesser marbled fritillary ('' Brenthis ino''), but the latter is slightly smaller and the coloration of said patch is completely yellow.][
]
Biology
The butterfly flies from late May to early August depending on the location. The eggs are laid separately in July on the leaves of the host plants. The larvae feed on brambles (''Rubus fruticosus
''Rubus fruticosus'' L. is the ambiguous name of a European blackberry species in the genus ''Rubus'' in the rose family. The name has been interpreted in several ways:
*The species represented by the type specimen of ''Rubus fruticosus'' L., ...
''), raspberry (''Rubus idaeus
''Rubus idaeus'' (raspberry, also called red raspberry or occasionally European red raspberry to distinguish it from other raspberry species) is a red-fruited species of ''Rubus'' native to Europe and northern Asia and commonly cultivated in othe ...
''), ''Rubus caesius
''Rubus caesius'' is a Eurasian species of dewberry, known as the European dewberry. Like other dewberries, it is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, related to the blackberry. It is widely distributed across much of Europe and Asia ...
'', '' Rubus sachalinensis'', ''Sanguisorba officinalis
''Sanguisorba officinalis'', commonly known as great burnet, is a plant in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America.
It ...
'' and ''Filipendula
''Filipendula'' is a genus of 12 species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Well-known species include meadowsweet ('' Filipendula ulmaria'') and dropwort ...
'' species,[ while adults usually feed on nectar from brambles, thistles and other flowers. This species is ]univoltine
Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, where silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism.
...
. It overwinters at the caterpillar stage in the egg shell.[Lepidoptera of Belgium]
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Gallery
File:Brenthis daphne 2.jpg, Mating pair
Caterpillar of Marbled Fritillary (Brenthis daphne) (8920375863).jpg, Caterpillar
Brenthis daphne MHNT CUT 2013 3 19 Paleyrac Buisson-de-Cadouin Dos.jpg, Dorsal side
Brenthis daphne MHNT CUT 2013 3 19 Paleyrac Buisson-de-Cadouin Ventre.jpg, Ventral side
Bibliography
*L.G. Higgins & N.D. Riley, ''Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe'', London, Collins, 1980, p. 109,
*Novak & F.Severa, ''Field Guide in Color to Butterflies and Moths'', Octopus, 1981, .
*T.Tolman & R.Lewington, ''Guida alle farfalle d'Europa e Nord Africa'', 2014,
*Tolman T., Lewington R. ''Collins Field Guide Butterflies of Britain & Europe'' — London: Harper Collins Publishers, 1997.— 320 p., 106 col. Pl
*VK Tuzov, ''Guide to Butterflies of the Palearctic Region'', G C Bozano, 2003, pp. 46–7,
References
External links
Butterflies of Europe
* Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfil
* ttp://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Brenthis_Daphne Lepiforum.de
{{Authority control
Argynnini
Butterflies of Europe
Butterflies described in 1780