The House of Bourbon (,
also ; ) is a European
dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A ...
of French origin, a branch of the
Capetian dynasty, the royal
House of France
The term House of France refers to the branch of the Capetian dynasty which provided the Kings of France following the election of Hugh Capet. The House of France consists of a number of branches and their sub-branches. Some of its branches ha ...
. Bourbon kings first ruled France and
Navarre in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the
Spanish Bourbon dynasty held thrones in
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
,
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
,
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
, and
Parma
Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second mos ...
. Spain and
Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
have monarchs of the House of Bourbon.
The royal Bourbons originated in 1272, when the youngest son of King
Louis IX
Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the Direct Capetians. He was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the d ...
married the heiress of the
lordship of Bourbon.
[ Anselme, Père. ‘'Histoire de la Maison Royale de France'’, tome 4. Editions du Palais-Royal, 1967, Paris. pp. 144–146, 151–153, 175, 178, 180, 185, 187–189, 191, 295–298, 318–319, 322–329. (French).] The house continued for three centuries as a
cadet branch
In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch's or patriarch's younger sons ( cadets). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets— realm, tit ...
, serving as nobles under the
Direct Capetian and
Valois kings.
The senior line of the House of Bourbon became extinct in the male line in 1527 with the death of
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (17 February 1490 – 6 May 1527) was a French military leader, the count of Montpensier, Clermont and Auvergne, and dauphin of Auvergne from 1501 to 1523, then duke of Bourbon and Auvergne, count of Clermo ...
. This made the junior
Bourbon-Vendôme branch the genealogically senior branch of the House of Bourbon. In 1589, at the death of
Henry III of France, the
House of Valois
The Capetian house of Valois ( , also , ) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. They succeeded the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") to the French throne, and were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589. Junior members of the f ...
became extinct in the male line. Under the
Salic law, the head of the house of Bourbon, as the senior representative of the senior-surviving branch of the Capetian dynasty, became King of France as
Henry IV.
Bourbon monarchs then united to France the part of the
kingdom of Navarre north of the
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to ...
, which Henry's father had acquired by marriage in 1555, ruling both until the 1792 overthrow of the monarchy during the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
. Restored briefly in 1814 and definitively in 1815 after the fall of the
First French Empire
The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire (; Latin: ) after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental E ...
, the senior line of the Bourbons was finally overthrown in the
July Revolution
The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution (french: révolution de Juillet), Second French Revolution, or ("Three Glorious ays), was a second French Revolution after the first in 1789. It led to the overthrow of King ...
of 1830. A cadet Bourbon branch, the
House of Orléans
The 4th House of Orléans (french: Maison d'Orléans), sometimes called the House of Bourbon-Orléans (french: link=no, Maison de Bourbon-Orléans) to distinguish it, is the fourth holder of a surname previously used by several branches of the Ro ...
, then ruled for 18 years (1830–1848), until it too was overthrown.
The
Princes of Condé
The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé (), named after Condé-en-Brie now in the Aisne ', was a French princely house and a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. The name of the house was derived from the title of Prince of Condé (French: ''p ...
was a cadet branch of the Bourbons descended from an uncle of Henry IV, and the
Princes of Conti
The title of Prince of Conti (French: ''prince de Conti'') was a French noble title, assumed by a cadet branch of the princely house of Bourbon-Condé.
History
The title derives its name from Conty, a small town in northern France, c. 35 km ...
was a cadet line of the Condé branch. Both houses, recognised as princes of the blood, were prominent French noble families, well known for their participation in French affairs, even during exile in the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
, until their respective extinctions in 1830 and 1814. Since the extinction of the
Capetian House of Courtenay in 1733, the Bourbons are the only surviving branch of the House of Capet.
In 1700, at the death of
Charles II of Spain
Charles II of Spain (''Spanish: Carlos II,'' 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (''Spanish: El Hechizado''), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War ...
, the Spanish
Habsburgs became extinct in the male line. Under the will of the childless Charles II, the second grandson of
Louis XIV of France
, house = Bourbon
, father = Louis XIII
, mother = Anne of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
, death_date =
, death_place = Palace of ...
was named as his successor, to
preclude the union of the thrones of France and Spain. The prince, then Duke of Anjou, became
Philip V of Spain
Philip V ( es, Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 14 January 1724, and again from 6 September 1724 to his death in 1746. His total reign of 45 years is the longest in the history of the Spanish mon ...
.
Permanent separation of the French and Spanish thrones was secured when France and Spain
ratified
Ratification is a principal's approval of an act of its agent that lacked the authority to bind the principal legally. Ratification defines the international act in which a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty if the parties inten ...
Philip's
renunciation
Renunciation (or renouncing) is the act of rejecting something, especially if it is something that the renunciant has previously enjoyed or endorsed.
In religion, renunciation often indicates an abandonment of pursuit of material comforts, in t ...
, for himself and his descendants, of the French throne in the
Treaty of Utrecht
The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne ...
in 1714, and similar arrangements later kept the Spanish throne separate from those of
the Two Sicilies and
Parma
Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second mos ...
. The Spanish House of Bourbon (rendered in Spanish as ''Borbón'' ) has been overthrown and restored several times, reigning 1700–1808, 1813–1868, 1875–1931, and since 1975. Bourbons ruled in
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
from 1734 to 1806 and in
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
from 1735 to 1816, and in a unified
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from 1816 to 1860. They also ruled in
Parma
Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second mos ...
from 1731 to 1735, 1748–1802 and 1847–1859.
Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Charlotte (Charlotte Adelgonde Elisabeth Marie Wilhelmine; 23 January 1896 – 9 July 1985) reigned as Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 14 January 1919 until her abdication on 12 November 1964.
She acceded to the throne on 14 January 1919 fol ...
(ruled 1919–1964) married a cadet of the Parmese line and thus her successors, who have ruled Luxembourg since her abdication in 1964, have also been members of the House of Bourbon.
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
, house = Braganza
, father = Pedro II of Brazil
, mother = Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Palace of São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
, death_date =
, death_place = ...
, regent for her father,
Pedro II of the
Empire of Brazil
The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom ...
, married a cadet of the Orléans line and thus their descendants, known as the
Orléans-Braganza
The Brazilian Imperial Family (Brazilian Portuguese: ''Família Imperial Brasileira'') is a Brazilian Dynasty of Portuguese origin that ruled the Empire of Brazil from 1822 to 1889, after the proclamation of independence by Prince Pedro of Braga ...
, were in the line of succession to the Brazilian throne and expected to ascend its throne had the monarchy not been abolished by a coup in 1889.
All legitimate, living members of the House of Bourbon, including its cadet branches, are direct
agnatic descendants of Henry IV through his son
Louis XIII of France
Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown ...
.
Origins
![Chateau de Bourbon l'Archambault 01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Chateau_de_Bourbon_l%27Archambault_01.jpg)
The pre-Capetian House of
Bourbon Bourbon may refer to:
Food and drink
* Bourbon whiskey, an American whiskey made using a corn-based mash
* Bourbon barrel aged beer, a type of beer aged in bourbon barrels
* Bourbon biscuit, a chocolate sandwich biscuit
* A beer produced by Bras ...
was a
noble
A noble is a member of the nobility.
Noble may also refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Noble Glacier, King George Island
* Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land
* Noble Peak, Wiencke Island
* Noble Rocks, Graham Land
Australia
* Noble Island, Gr ...
family, dating at least from the beginning of the 13th century, when the
estate of Bourbon was ruled by the
Sire de Bourbon
The Sire de Bourbon or Seigneur de Bourbon, meaning Lord of Bourbon, was the title by which the rulers of the Bourbonnais were known, from 913 to 1327, and from which the cognomen of the royal House of the same name derives. Louis I, count of ...
who was a vassal of the
King of France. The term House of Bourbon ("Maison de Bourbon") is sometimes used to refer to this
first house and the
House of Bourbon-Dampierre
The House of Bourbon-Dampierre refers to a noble dynasty that emerged from the marriage of Guy II of Dampierre with Mathilde of Bourbon in 1197. The male line of this house ended in 1249, while the female line persisted until 1287.
History
Throug ...
, the second family to rule the
seigneury
''Seigneur'' is an originally feudal title in France before the Revolution, in New France and British North America until 1854, and in the Channel Islands to this day. A seigneur refers to the person or collective who owned a ''seigneurie'' (o ...
.
In 1272,
Robert, Count of Clermont
Robert of Clermont (1256 – 7 February 1317) was a French '' prince du sang'' who was created Count of Clermont in 1268. He was the sixth and last son of King Louis IX (Saint Louis) and Margaret of Provence.''Bourbon'', John Bell Henneman Jr. ...
, sixth and youngest son of King
Louis IX of France, married
Beatrix of Bourbon, heiress to the
lordship of Bourbon and member of the House of Bourbon-Dampierre.
Their son
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
was made
Duke of Bourbon in 1327. His descendant, the
Constable of France
The Constable of France (french: Connétable de France, from Latin for 'count of the stables') was lieutenant to the King of France, the first of the original five Great Officers of the Crown (along with seneschal, chamberlain, butler, and ...
Charles de Bourbon, was the last of the senior Bourbon line when he died in 1527. Because he chose to fight under the banner of
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Charles V may refer to:
* Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558)
* Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain
* Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise
* Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690)
* Infa ...
and lived in exile from France, his title was discontinued after his death.
The remaining line of Bourbons henceforth descended from
James I, Count of La Marche
James I of Bourbon (1319 – 6 April 1362), was a French '' prince du sang'', and the son of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon and Mary of Avesnes. He was Count of Ponthieu from 1351 to 1360, and Count of La Marche from 1341 to his death.
Hundred Y ...
, the younger son of
Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
Louis I, called the Lame (1279 – 22 January 1341) was a French '' prince du sang'', Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and La Marche and the first Duke of Bourbon, as well as briefly the titular King of Thessalonica from 1320 to 1321.
Life
L ...
.
With the death of his grandson
James II, Count of La Marche
James II of Bourbon-La Marche (1370 – 1438 in Besançon) was count of La Marche. He was captured at the battle of Nicopolis in 1396, later being ransomed. In 1403, James led an attack on English soil and burned Plymouth. He married Joanna o ...
in 1438, the senior line of the Count of La Marche became extinct. All future Bourbons would descend from James II's younger brother,
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
, who became the
Count of Vendôme
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...
through his mother's inheritance.
In 1525, at the death of
Charles IV, Duke of Alençon
Charles IV of Alençon (2 September 1489 in Alençon – 11 April 1525 in Lyon) was the son of René of Alençon and Margaret of Vaudémont.
He succeeded his father in 1492 as Duke of Alençon and Count of Perche, and was also Count of Armagna ...
, all of the
princes of the blood royal were Bourbons; all remaining members of the House of Valois were members of the king's immediate family.
In 1514,
Charles, Count of Vendôme had his title raised to
Duke of Vendôme
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranke ...
. His son
Antoine became King of
Navarre, on the northern side of the
Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to ...
, by marriage in 1555.
Two of Antoine's younger brothers were Cardinal Archbishop
Charles de Bourbon and the French and Huguenot general
Louis de Bourbon, 1st Prince of Condé. Louis' male-line descendants, the
Princes de Condé
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...
, survived until 1830. Finally, in 1589, the
House of Valois
The Capetian house of Valois ( , also , ) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. They succeeded the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") to the French throne, and were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589. Junior members of the f ...
died out and Antoine's son
Henry III of Navarre
Henry IV (french: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarc ...
became Henry IV of France.
List of Bourbons
Bourbon branches
* House of Clermont, later called House of Bourbon
**
House of the Dukes of Bourbon (extinct 1521 in total; extinct 1503 in the male line)
*** ''House of Bourbon-Lavedan (illegitimate)'', extinct 1744
*** ''House of
Bourbon-Busset
The Bourbon-Busset family is a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, being thus agnatic descendants of the Capetian dynasty. Historically, they have been regarded as non-dynastic since decisions rendered by Louis XI of France.
Possibly, howe ...
(illegitimate)''
*** ''House of Bourbon-Roussillon (illegitimate)'', extinct 1510
***
House of Bourbon-Montpensier, Counts of Montpensier (extinct 1527)
**
House of Bourbon-La Marche
The House of Bourbon (, also ; ) is a European dynasty of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France. Bourbon kings first ruled France and Navarre in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Spanis ...
(extinct 1438)
***
House of Bourbon-Vendôme
****
House of Bourbon, Kings of France
*****
House of Artois
The House of Artois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descended from Louis VIII the Lion, King of France, through his younger son, Robert (1216 † 1250). Robert received the County of Artois as appanage in his father's will.
In 1297, ...
(extinct 1883)
*****
House of Bourbon, Kings of Spain
******
Carlists (extinct 1936)
******
Alfonsines
*******
House of Bourbon-Anjou
The Spanish royal family consists of King Felipe VI, Queen Letizia, their children (Leonor, Princess of Asturias and Infanta Sofía of Spain), and Felipe's parents, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. The royal family lives at Zarzuela Palace ...
*******
House of Bourbon, Kings of Spain
******
House of Bourbon-Seville
******
House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
The House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies is a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons that ruled Southern Italy and Sicily for more than a century in the 18th and 19th centuries. It descends from the Capetian dynasty in legitimate male line through Phili ...
******
House of Bourbon-Braganza
The House of Bourbon-Braganza (Spanish: Casa de Borbón-Braganza; Portuguese: Casa de Bourbon-Bragança) was an Iberian noble house that had its origins in a royal marriage arranged in 1785 between Gabriel of Bourbon, Infante of Spain and Mari ...
(extinct 1979)
******
House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma ( it, Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the Fren ...
*******
House of Luxembourg-Nassau
The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg constitutes the House of Luxembourg-Nassau, headed by the sovereign Grand Duke, and in which the throne of the grand duchy is hereditary. It consists of heirs and descendants of the House of Nassau-Weilburg, w ...
***** ''
House of Bourbon-Maine
The House of Bourbon-Maine was a legitimate branch of the House of Bourbon, being thus part of the Capetian dynasty. It was founded in 1672 when Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine was legitimised by his father, King Louis XIV of France.
H ...
(illegitimate)'', extinct 1775
***** ''
House of Bourbon-Penthièvre (illegitimate)'', extinct 1793
*****
House of Orléans
The 4th House of Orléans (french: Maison d'Orléans), sometimes called the House of Bourbon-Orléans (french: link=no, Maison de Bourbon-Orléans) to distinguish it, is the fourth holder of a surname previously used by several branches of the Ro ...
******
House of Orléans-Braganza
The House of Orléans-Braganza ( Portuguese: ''Casa de Orléans e Bragança'') is a Brazilian noble house of Portuguese and French origin.Podesta, Don. 20 April 1993Claimants Dream of New Brazilian Monarchy It is a cadet branch of the House of ...
******
House of Orléans-Galliera
***** ''
House of Bourbon-Vendôme (illegitimate)'', extinct 1727
****
House of Bourbon-Condé
A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condi ...
(extinct 1830)
*****
House of Bourbon-Conti (extinct 1814)
*****
House of Bourbon-Soissons (extinct 1692 in total; extinct 1641 in the male line)
****
House of Bourbon-Saint Pol (extinct 1601 in total; extinct 1546 in the male line)
****
House of Bourbon-Montpensier, Dukes of Montpensier (extinct 1693 in total; extinct 1608 in the male line)
*** House of Bourbon-Carency (extinct 1520)
**** House of Bourbon-Duisant (extinct 1530)
*** House of Bourbon-Préaux (extinct 1442)
Family from India's claim to be a branch and their claim to The "Throne of France"
*
Bourbons of India
The Bourbons of India (french: Bourbons des Indes) are an Indian family who claim to be legitimate heirs of the House of Bourbon, descended from Jean Philippe de Bourbon, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, an exiled French noble who served i ...
, claim to be descendants of
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (17 February 1490 – 6 May 1527) was a French military leader, the count of Montpensier, Clermont and Auvergne, and dauphin of Auvergne from 1501 to 1523, then duke of Bourbon and Auvergne, count of Clermo ...
, of the first House of Bourbon-Montpensier.
[Found in India the last king of France](_blank)
2 March 2007, ''The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...
''[The next King of France? An Indian!](_blank)
21 August 2007, ''Manchester Evening News
The ''Manchester Evening News'' (''MEN'') is a regional daily newspaper covering Greater Manchester in North West England, founded in 1868. It is published Monday–Saturday; a Sunday edition, the ''MEN on Sunday'', was launched in February 20 ...
''[Bourbon of Indian vintage](_blank)
10 Jan. 2008, ''Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' (abbreviated as ''LA Times'') is a daily newspaper that started publishing in Los Angeles in 1881. Based in the LA-adjacent suburb of El Segundo since 2018, it is the sixth-largest newspaper by circulation in the U ...
''
As per the latest research carried out by
Prince Michael of Greece
Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark, (born 7 January 1939) is a Greek prince, historian, and author. He has written several historical books and biographies of Greek and other European figures, Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. " Burke’s Royal F ...
and incorporated in his historical novel, ''Le Rajah Bourbon'',
Balthazar Napoleon IV de Bourbon
Balthazar Napoleon IV de Bourbon (born 29 July 1958) claims to be the senior descendant of the House of Bourbon and thus the pretender to the throne of the defunct Kingdom of France. His family, the " Bourbons of India", claim to be legitimate de ...
from India is the senior heir in line to the
French throne.
France
Rise of Henry IV
The first Bourbon
king of France was
Henry IV.
He was born on 13 December 1553 in the
Kingdom of Navarre.
Antoine de Bourbon
Antoine de Bourbon, roi de Navarre (22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562) was the King of Navarre through his marriage (''jure uxoris'') to Queen Jeanne III, from 1555 until his death. He was the first monarch of the House of Bourbon, of which he w ...
, his father, was a ninth-generation descendant of King
Louis IX of France.
Jeanne d'Albret
Jeanne d'Albret ( Basque: ''Joana Albretekoa''; Occitan: ''Joana de Labrit''; 16 November 1528 – 9 June 1572), also known as Jeanne III, was Queen of Navarre from 1555 to 1572.
Jeanne was the daughter of Henry II of Navarre and Margar ...
, his mother, was the Queen of Navarre and niece of King
Francis I of France
Francis I (french: François Ier; frm, Francoys; 12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin on ...
. He was baptized
Catholic
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, but raised
Calvinist
Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...
. After his father was killed in 1562, he became
Duke of Vendôme
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranke ...
at the age of 10, with Admiral
Gaspard de Coligny (1519–1572) as his regent. Seven years later, the young duke became the nominal leader of the
Huguenots
The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Be ...
after the death of his uncle the
Prince de Condé
A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...
in 1569.
Henry succeeded to Navarre as Henry III when his mother died in 1572. That same year
Catherine de' Medici, mother of King
Charles IX of France
Charles IX (Charles Maximilien; 27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574) was King of France from 1560 until his death in 1574. He ascended the French throne upon the death of his brother Francis II in 1560, and as such was the penultimate monarch of the ...
, arranged for the marriage of her daughter,
Margaret of Valois
Margaret of Valois (french: Marguerite, 14 May 1553 – 27 March 1615), popularly known as La Reine Margot, was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became Queen of Navarre by marriage to Henry III of Navarre and then also Queen of France ...
, to Henry, ostensibly to advance peace between Catholics and Huguenots. Many Huguenots gathered in Paris for the wedding on 24 August, but were ambushed and slaughtered by Catholics in the
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre. Henry saved his own life by converting to Catholicism. He repudiated his conversion in 1576 and resumed his leadership of the Huguenots.
The period from 1576 to 1584 was relatively calm in France, with the Huguenots consolidating control of much of the south with only occasional interference from the royal government. Extended civil war erupted again in 1584, when
François, Duke of Anjou
''Monsieur'' Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alençon (french: Hercule François; 18 March 1555 – 10 June 1584) was the youngest son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.
Early years
He was scarred by smallpox at age eight, an ...
, younger brother of King
Henry III of France, died, leaving Navarre next in line for the throne. Thus began the
War of the Three Henrys, as Henry of Navarre, Henry III, and the ultra-Catholic leader,
Henry of Guise
Henry I, Prince of Joinville, Duke of Guise, Count of Eu (31 December 1550 – 23 December 1588), sometimes called ('Scarface'), was the eldest son of Francis, Duke of Guise, and Anna d'Este. His maternal grandparents were Ercole II d'Este, D ...
, fought a confusing three-cornered struggle for dominance. After Henry III was assassinated on 31 July 1589, Navarre claimed the throne as the first Bourbon king of France, Henry IV.
Much of Catholic France, organized into the
Catholic League, refused to recognize a Protestant monarch and instead recognized Henry IV's uncle,
Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon
Charles de Bourbon (22 September 1523 – 9 May 1590) was a French cardinal. The Catholic League considered him the rightful King of France as Charles X after the death of Henry III in 1589. His claim was recognized as part of the secret Treaty o ...
, as rightful king, and the civil war continued. Henry won a crucial victory at
Ivry on 14 March 1590 and, following the death of the Cardinal the same year, the forces of the League lacked an obvious Catholic candidate for the throne and divided into various factions. Nevertheless, as a Protestant, Henry IV was unable to take Paris, a Catholic stronghold, or to decisively defeat his enemies, now supported by the Spanish. He reconverted to Catholicism in 1593—he is said to have remarked, "Paris is well worth a mass"—and was crowned king retroactively to 1589 at the
Cathedral of Chartres on 27 February 1594.
Early Bourbons in France
Henry granted the
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes () was signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV and granted the Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was in essence completely Catholic. In the edict, Henry aimed pr ...
on 13 April 1598, establishing Catholicism as an official state religion but also granting the Huguenots a measure of religious tolerance and political freedom short of full equality with the practice of Catholicism. This compromise ended the religious wars in France. That same year the
Treaty of Vervins
A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal perso ...
ended the war with Spain, adjusted the Spanish-French border, and resulted in a belated recognition by Spain of Henry as king of France.
Ably assisted by
Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully, Henry reduced the land tax known as the ''
taille
The ''taille'' () was a direct land tax on the French peasantry and non-nobles in ''Ancien Régime'' France. The tax was imposed on each household and was based on how much land it held, and was directly paid to the state.
History
Originally o ...
''; promoted agriculture, public works, construction of highways, and the first French canal; started such important industries as the tapestry works of the
Gobelins; and intervened in favor of Protestants in the duchies and earldoms along the German frontier. This last was to be the cause of his assassination.
Henry's marriage to Margaret, which had produced no heir, was annulled in 1599 and he married
Marie de Medici
Marie de' Medici (french: link=no, Marie de Médicis, it, link=no, Maria de' Medici; 26 April 1575 – 3 July 1642) was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Henry IV of France of the House of Bourbon, and Regent of the Kingdom ...
, niece of the grand duke of Tuscany. A son, Louis, was born to them in 1601. Henry IV was assassinated on 14 May 1610 in Paris.
Louis XIII
Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown ...
was only nine years old when he succeeded his father.
He was to prove a weak ruler; his reign was effectively a series of distinct regimes, depending who held the effective reins of power. At first, Marie de Medici, his mother, served as regent and advanced a pro-Spanish policy. To deal with the financial troubles of France, Louis summoned the
Estates General in 1614; this would be the last time that body met until the eve of the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
. Marie arranged the 1615 marriage of Louis to
Anne of Austria
Anne of Austria (french: Anne d'Autriche, italic=no, es, Ana María Mauricia, italic=no; 22 September 1601 – 20 January 1666) was an infanta of Spain who became Queen of France as the wife of King Louis XIII from their marriage in 1615 un ...
, the daughter of King
Philip III of Spain
Philip III ( es, Felipe III; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain. As Philip II, he was also King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan from 1598 until his death in 1621.
A member of the House of Habsburg, Phi ...
.
In 1617, however, Louis conspired with
Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes to dispense with her influence, having her favorite
Concino Concini
Concino Concini, 1st Marquis d'Ancre (23 November 1569 – 24 April 1617), was an Italian politician, best known for being a minister of Louis XIII of France, as the favourite of Louis's mother, Marie de Medici, Queen of France. In 1617 he was ki ...
assassinated on 26 April of that year. After some years of weak government by Louis's favorites, the King made
Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu
Armand Jean du Plessis, Duke of Richelieu (; 9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642), known as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French clergyman and statesman. He was also known as ''l'Éminence rouge'', or "the Red Eminence", a term derived from the ...
, a former protégé of his mother, the chief minister of France in 1624.
Richelieu advanced an anti-
Habsburg policy. He arranged for Louis' sister,
Henrietta Maria
Henrietta Maria (french: link=no, Henriette Marie; 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from her marriage to King Charles I on 13 June 1625 until Charles was executed on 30 January 1649. She was ...
, to marry King
Charles I of England
Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after hi ...
, on 11 May 1625. Her pro-Catholic propaganda in England was one of the contributing factors to the
English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of re ...
. Richelieu, as ambitious for France and the French monarchy as for himself, laid the ground for the
absolute monarchy
Absolute monarchy (or Absolutism (European history), Absolutism as a doctrine) is a form of monarchy in which the monarch rules in their own right or power. In an absolute monarchy, the king or queen is by no means limited and has absolute pow ...
that would last in France until the Revolution. He wanted to establish a dominating position for France in Europe, and he wanted to unify France under the monarchy. He established the role of ''
intendants'', non-noble men whose arbitrary powers of administration were granted (and revocable) by the monarch, superseding many of the traditional duties and privileges of the noble governors.
Although it required a succession of internal military campaigns, he disarmed the fortified Huguenot towns that Henry had allowed. He involved France in the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...
(1618–1648) against the Habsburgs by
concluding an alliance with Sweden in 1631 and, actively, in 1635. He died in 1642 before the conclusion of that conflict, having groomed Cardinal
Jules Mazarin
Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also , , ; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino () or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the Kings of France Louis XIII and Louis X ...
as a successor. Louis XIII outlived him but by one year, dying in 1643 at the age of forty-two. After a childless marriage for twenty-three years his queen, Anne, delivered a son on 5 September 1638, whom he named Louis after himself.
In the mid eighteenth century, the Bourbon monarchy had a faulty system for finance and taxation. Their lacking a national bank lead to them taking short-term loans, and ordering financial agents to make payments in advance or in excess of tax revenues collected.
Louis XIV and Louis XV
Louis XIV
, house = Bourbon
, father = Louis XIII
, mother = Anne of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
, death_date =
, death_place = Palace of Ver ...
succeeded his father at four years of age;
he would go on to become the most powerful king in French history. His mother Anne served as his regent with her favorite Jules, Cardinal Mazarin, as chief minister. At age 7
Nicolas V de Villeroy became the teacher of the young king. The main childhood places of Louis XIV were the
Palais-Royal and the nearby
Hôtel de Villeroy. Mazarin continued the policies of Richelieu, bringing the Thirty Years' War to a successful conclusion in 1648 and defeating the nobility's challenge to royal absolutism in a series of civil wars known as the
Fronde
The Fronde () was a series of civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635. King Louis XIV confronted the combined opposition of the princes, the nobility, the law cour ...
s. He continued to war with Spain until 1659.
In that year the
Treaty of the Pyrenees
The Treaty of the Pyrenees (french: Traité des Pyrénées; es, Tratado de los Pirineos; ca, Tractat dels Pirineus) was signed on 7 November 1659 on Pheasant Island, and ended the Franco-Spanish War that had begun in 1635.
Negotiations were ...
was signed signifying a major shift in power, France had replaced Spain as the dominant state in Europe. The treaty called for an
arranged marriage between Louis and his cousin
Maria Theresa, a daughter of King
Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV ( es, Felipe, pt, Filipe; 8 April 160517 September 1665), also called the Planet King (Spanish: ''Rey Planeta''), was King of Spain from 1621 to his death and (as Philip III) King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered ...
by his first wife Elisabeth, the sister of Louis XIII. They were married in 1660 and had a son, Louis, in 1661.
Mazarin died on 9 March 1661 and it was expected that Louis would appoint another chief minister, as had become the tradition, but instead he shocked the country by announcing he would rule alone.
For six years Louis reformed the finances of his state and built formidable armed forces. France fought a series of wars from 1667 onward and gained some territory on its northern and eastern borders. Maria Theresa died in 1683 and the next year he secretly married the devoutly Catholic
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon
Françoise d'Aubigné (27 November 1635 – 15 April 1719), known first as Madame Scarron and subsequently as Madame de Maintenon (), was a French noblewoman who secretly married King Louis XIV. Although she was never considered queen of France ...
. Louis XIV began to persecute Protestants, undoing the religious tolerance established by his grandfather Henry IV, culminating in his revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.
The last war waged by Louis XIV proved to be one of the most important to dynastic Europe. In 1700, King
Charles II of Spain
Charles II of Spain (''Spanish: Carlos II,'' 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (''Spanish: El Hechizado''), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War ...
, a Habsburg, died without a son. Louis's only legitimate son, the ''Grand Dauphin'', as the late king's nephew, was the closest heir; and Charles willed the kingdom to the Dauphin's second son, the Duke of Anjou. Other powers, particularly the Austrian Habsburgs, who had the next closest claims, objected to such a vast increase in French power.
Initially, most of the other powers were willing to accept Anjou's reign as
Philip V Philip V may refer to:
* Philip V of Macedon (221–179 BC)
* Philip V of France (1293–1322)
* Philip II of Spain, also Philip V, Duke of Burgundy (1526–1598)
* Philip V of Spain
Philip V ( es, Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was ...
, but Louis's mishandling of their concerns soon drove the English, Dutch and other powers to join the Austrians in a coalition against France. The
War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Phil ...
began in 1701 and raged for 12 years. In the end Louis's grandson was recognized as king of Spain, but he was obliged to agree to the forfeiture of succession rights in France, the
Spanish Habsburgs
Habsburg Spain is a contemporary historiographical term referring to the huge extent of territories (including modern-day Spain, a piece of south-east France, eventually Portugal, and many other lands outside of the Iberian Peninsula) ruled be ...
' other European territories were largely ceded to Austria, and France was nearly bankrupted by the cost of the struggle. Louis died on 1 September 1715 ending his seventy-two-year reign, the longest in European history.
The reign of Louis XIV was so long that he outlived both his son and eldest grandson. He was succeeded by his great-grandson
Louis XV
Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached ...
.
Louis XV was born on 15 February 1710 and was thus aged only five at his ascension, the third Louis in a row to become king of France before the age of thirteen (Louis XIII became king at 9, Louis XIV at almost 5 and himself at 5). Initially, the regency was held by
Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Louis XIV's nephew, as nearest adult male to the throne.
This ''
Régence
The ''Régence'' (, ''Regency'') was the period in French history between 1715 and 1723 when King Louis XV was considered a minor and the country was instead governed by Philippe d'Orléans (a nephew of Louis XIV of France) as prince regen ...
'' was seen as a period of greater individual expression, manifested in secular, artistic, literary and colonial activity, in contrast to the austere latter years of Louis XIV's reign.
Following Orléans' death in 1723, the
Duke of Bourbon, representative of the Bourbon-Condé cadet line, became prime minister. It was expected that Louis would marry his cousin, the daughter of King Philip V of Spain, but this engagement was broken by the duke in 1725 so that Louis could marry
Maria Leszczynska, the daughter of Stanislas, former king of Poland. Bourbon's motive appears to have been a desire to produce an heir as soon as possible so as to reduce the chances of a succession dispute between Philip V and the Duke of Orléans in the event of the sickly king's death. Maria was already an adult woman at the time of the marriage, while the
infanta
''Infante'' (, ; f. ''infanta''), also anglicised as Infant or translated as Prince, is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and León) and Portugal to th ...
was still a young girl.
![Louis14-Family](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Louis14-Family.jpg)
Nevertheless, Bourbon's action brought a very negative response from Spain, and for his incompetence Bourbon was soon replaced by Cardinal
André-Hercule de Fleury, the young king's tutor, in 1726. Fleury was a peace-loving man who intended to keep France out of war, but circumstances presented themselves that made this impossible.
The first cause of these wars came in 1733 when
Augustus II
Augustus II; german: August der Starke; lt, Augustas II; in Saxony also known as Frederick Augustus I – Friedrich August I (12 May 16701 February 1733), most commonly known as Augustus the Strong, was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as Ki ...
, the elector of Saxony and king of Poland died. With French support, Stanislas was again elected king. This brought France into conflict with Russia and Austria who supported
Augustus III
Augustus III ( pl, August III Sas, lt, Augustas III; 17 October 1696 5 October 1763) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1733 until 1763, as well as Elector of Saxony in the Holy Roman Empire where he was known as Frederick Aug ...
, Elector of Saxony and son of Augustus II.
Stanislas lost the Polish crown, but he was given the Duchy of Lorraine as compensation, which would pass to France after his death. Next came the
War of the Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession () was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748. Fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, related conflicts included King George's ...
in 1740 in which France supported King
Frederick II of Prussia against
Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary. Fleury died in 1743 before the conclusion of the war.
Shortly after Fleury's death in 1745 Louis was influenced by his mistress the
Marquise de Pompadour
Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour (, ; 29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), commonly known as Madame de Pompadour, was a member of the French court. She was the official chief mistress of King Louis XV from 1745 to 1751, and re ...
to reverse the policy of France in 1756 by creating an alliance with Austria against Prussia in the
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (175 ...
. The war was a disaster for France, which lost most of her overseas possessions to the British in the Treaty of Paris in 1763. Maria, his wife, died in 1768 and Louis himself died on 10 May 1774.
French Revolution
Louis XVI
Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...
had become the
Dauphin of France upon the death of his father
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
, the son of Louis XV, in 1765. He married
Marie Antoinette of Austria
Marie Antoinette Josèphe Jeanne (; ; née Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last queen of France before the French Revolution. She was born an archduchess of Austria, and was the penultimate child an ...
, a daughter of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa, in 1770. Louis intervened in the
American Revolution
The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revoluti ...
against Britain in 1778, but he is most remembered for his role in the
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
. France was in financial turmoil and Louis was forced to convene the
Estates-General on 5 May 1789.
They formed the
National Assembly
In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the rep ...
and forced Louis to accept a constitution that limited his powers on 14 July 1789. He
tried to flee France in June 1791, but was captured. The French monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792 and
a republic was proclaimed. The chain of Bourbon monarchs begun in 1589 was broken. Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793.
Marie Antoinette and her son, Louis, were held as prisoners. Many French royalists proclaimed him
Louis XVII
Louis XVII (born Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy; 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795) was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. His older brother, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, died in June 1789, a little over a m ...
, but he never reigned. She was executed on 16 October 1793. He died of
tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, i ...
on 8 June 1795 at the age of ten while in captivity.
The
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted France against Britain, Austria, Prussia ...
and
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
spread nationalism and anti-absolutism throughout Europe, and the other Bourbon monarchs were threatened.
Ferdinand
Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...
was forced to flee from Naples in 1806 when
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
deposed him and installed his brother,
Joseph
Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef (יוֹסֵף). "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the mo ...
, as king. Ferdinand continued to rule from Sicily until 1815.
Napoleon conquered Parma in 1800 and compensated the Bourbon duke with
Etruria, a new kingdom he created from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. It was short-lived, counting only two monarchs,
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
and
Charles, as Napoleon annexed Etruria in 1807.
King
Charles IV of Spain
, house = Bourbon-Anjou
, father = Charles III of Spain
, mother = Maria Amalia of Saxony
, birth_date =11 November 1748
, birth_place =Palace of Portici, Portici, Naples
, death_date =
, death_place ...
had been an ally of France. He succeeded his father,
Charles III
Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person t ...
, in 1788. At first he declared war on France on 7 March 1793, but he made peace on 22 June 1795. This peace became an alliance on 19 August 1796. His chief minister,
Manuel de Godoy convinced Charles that his son, Ferdinand, was plotting to overthrow him. Napoleon exploited the situation and invaded Spain in March 1808. This led to an uprising that forced Charles to abdicate on 19 March in favor of his son,
Ferdinand VII
, house = Bourbon-Anjou
, father = Charles IV of Spain
, mother = Maria Luisa of Parma
, birth_date = 14 October 1784
, birth_place = El Escorial, Spain
, death_date =
, death_place = Madrid, Spain
, burial_plac ...
. Napoleon forced Ferdinand to return the crown to Charles on 30 April and then convinced Charles to relinquish it to him on 10 May. In turn, he gave it to his brother, Joseph, king of Naples on 6 June. Joseph abandoned Naples to
Joachim Murat
Joachim Murat ( , also , ; it, Gioacchino Murati; 25 March 1767 – 13 October 1815) was a French military commander and statesman who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. Under the French Empire he received the ...
, the husband of Napoleon's sister. This was very unpopular in Spain and resulted in the
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spain ...
, a struggle that would contribute to the downfall of Napoleon.
Bourbon Restoration
![Pavillon royal de France](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg)
With the abdication of Napoleon on 11 April 1814 the Bourbon dynasty was restored to the kingdom of France in the person of
Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...
, brother of Louis XVI. Napoleon escaped from exile and Louis fled in March 1815. Louis was again restored after the
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo, Belgium, Waterloo (at that time in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium). A French army under the command of Napoleon was defeated by two of the armie ...
on 7 July.
The conservative elements of Europe dominated the post-Napoleonic age, but the values of the French Revolution could not be easily swept aside. Louis granted a constitution on 14 June 1814 to appease the liberals, but the ultra-royalist party, led by his brother, Charles, continued to influence his reign.
[ Durant, Will and Durant, Ariel. ''The Story of Civilization'', Part XI, The Age of Napoleon". Simon & Schuster, New York, 1975. pp. 730–731, 774.] When he died in 1824 his brother became king as
Charles X
Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Lou ...
much to the dismay of French liberals. In a saying ascribed to
Talleyrand, "they had learned nothing and forgotten nothing".
Aftermath
Charles passed several laws that appealed to the upper class, but angered the middle class. The situation came to a head when he appointed a new minister on 8 August 1829 who did not have the confidence of the chamber. The chamber censured the king on 18 March 1830 and in response Charles proclaimed the
July Ordinances
The July Ordinances, also known as the Four Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, were a series of decrees set forth by Charles X and Jules Armand de Polignac, the chief minister, in July 1830.
Compelled by what he felt to be a growing, manipulative radi ...
on 26 July intended to silence criticism against him. This almost resulted in another revolution as dramatic as the one in 1789, but moderates were able to control the situation.
![Coat of Arms of the July Monarchy (1830-31)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_July_Monarchy_%281830-31%29.svg)
As a compromise the crown was offered to
Louis Philippe
Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France.
As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary War ...
, duke of Orléans, a descendant of
the brother of Louis XIV, and the head of the Orléanist cadet branch of the Bourbons. Agreeing to reign constitutionally and under the
tricolour
A tricolour () or tricolor () is a type of flag or banner design with a triband design which originated in the 16th century as a symbol of republicanism, liberty, or revolution. The flags of France, Italy, Romania, Mexico, and Ireland were ...
, he was proclaimed King of the French on 7 August. The resulting regime, known as the
July Monarchy
The July Monarchy (french: Monarchie de Juillet), officially the Kingdom of France (french: Royaume de France), was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under , starting on 26 July 1830, with the July Revolution of 1830, and ending 23 F ...
, lasted until the
Revolution of 1848
The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europe ...
. The Bourbon monarchy in France ended on 24 February 1848, when Louis Philippe was forced to abdicate and the short-lived
Second Republic was established.
Some
Legitimists
The Legitimists (french: Légitimistes) are royalists who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession to the French crown of the descendants of the eldest branch of the Bourbon dynasty, which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution. They r ...
refused to recognize the Orléanist monarchy. After the death of Charles in 1836 his son was proclaimed
Louis XIX Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis (d ...
, though this title was never formally recognized. Charles' grandson
Henri, Count of Chambord
Henri, Count of Chambord and Duke of Bordeaux (french: Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de Chambord; 29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883) was disputedly King of France from 2 to 9 August 1830 as Hen ...
, the last Bourbon claimant of the French crown, was proclaimed by some Henry V, but the French monarchy was never restored.
Following the 1870 collapse of the empire of Emperor
Napoleon III
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...
, Henri was offered a restored throne. However Chambord refused to accept the throne unless France abandoned the revolution-inspired
tricolour
A tricolour () or tricolor () is a type of flag or banner design with a triband design which originated in the 16th century as a symbol of republicanism, liberty, or revolution. The flags of France, Italy, Romania, Mexico, and Ireland were ...
and accepted what he regarded as the true Bourbon flag of France, featuring the
fleur-de-lis
The fleur-de-lis, also spelled fleur-de-lys (plural ''fleurs-de-lis'' or ''fleurs-de-lys''), is a lily (in French, and mean 'flower' and 'lily' respectively) that is used as a decorative design or symbol.
The fleur-de-lis has been used in the ...
. The tricolour, originally associated with the French Revolution and the
First Republic, had been used by the July Monarchy, the Second Republic and both Empires; the
French National Assembly could not possibly agree.
A ''temporary''
Third Republic was established, while monarchists waited for the comte de Chambord to die and for the succession to pass to
Prince Philippe, Count of Paris
Prince Philippe of Orléans, Count of Paris (Louis Philippe Albert; 24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894), was disputedly King of the French from 24 to 26 February 1848 as Louis Philippe II, although he was never officially proclaimed as such. ...
, who was willing to accept the tricolour. Henri lived until 1883, by which time public opinion had come to accept the republic as the "form of government that divides us least." His death without issue marked the extinction of the French Bourbons. Thus the head of the House of Bourbon became
Juan, Count of Montizón of the Spanish line of the house who was also
Carlist
Carlism ( eu, Karlismo; ca, Carlisme; ; ) is a Traditionalist and Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty – one descended from Don Carlos, Count of Molina (1788–1855) – ...
claimant to the throne of Spain, and had become the senior male of the dynasty by primogeniture. His heir as eldest Bourbon and head of the house is today
Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou
Louis Alphonse de BourbonHis name is given as "Prince Louis Alphonse of Bourbon and Martínez-Bordiú, Duke of Anjou" by Olga S. Opfell in ''Royalty who Wait: The 21 Heads of Formerly Regnant Houses of Europe'' (2001), p. 11. ( es, Luis Alfonso ...
.
By an ordinance of
Louis Philippe I
Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France.
As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...
of 13 August 1830, it was decided that the king's children (and his sister) would continue to bear the arms of Orléans, that Louis-Philippe's eldest son, as Prince Royal, would bear the title of Duke of Orléans, that the younger sons would continue to have their existing titles, and that the sister and daughters of the king would be styled ''Royal Highness'' and "d'Orléans", but the Orléans dynasts did not take the name "of France".
Bourbons of Spain and Italy
Philip V
The
Spanish branch of the House of Bourbon was founded by Philip V. He was born in 1683 at Versailles, the second son of the Grand Dauphin, who was eldest son of Louis XIV. He was
Duke of Anjou
The Count of Anjou was the ruler of the County of Anjou, first granted by Charles the Bald in the 9th century to Robert the Strong. Ingelger and his son, Fulk the Red, were viscounts until Fulk assumed the title of Count of Anjou. The Robertians ...
and probably never expected to be raised to a rank higher than that. However, King
Charles II of Spain
Charles II of Spain (''Spanish: Carlos II,'' 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), known as the Bewitched (''Spanish: El Hechizado''), was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities and the War ...
, dying without issue, willed the throne to his grand-nephew the Duke of Anjou, who was the younger grandson of his eldest sister
Marie-Thérèse, who had married Louis XIV.
The prospect of Bourbons on both the French and Spanish thrones was resisted as creating an
imbalance of power in Europe by its
dominant regimes and, upon Charles II's death on 1 November 1700, a
Grand Alliance of European nations united against Philip. This was known as the
War of Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Phili ...
. In the
Treaty of Utrecht
The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne ...
, signed on 11 April 1713, Philip was recognized as king of Spain but his renunciation of succession rights to France was affirmed and, of the
Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire ( es, link=no, Imperio español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Católica) was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its prede ...
's other European territories, Sicily was ceded to Savoy, and the
Spanish Netherlands
Spanish Netherlands (Spanish: Países Bajos Españoles; Dutch: Spaanse Nederlanden; French: Pays-Bas espagnols; German: Spanische Niederlande.) (historically in Spanish: ''Flandes'', the name "Flanders" was used as a ''pars pro toto'') was the H ...
, Milan and Naples were allotted to the
Austrian Habsburgs.
Philip had two sons by his first wife. After her death, he married
Elisabeth Farnese
Elisabeth Farnese ( Italian: ''Elisabetta Farnese'', Spanish: ''Isabel Farnesio''; 25 October 169211 July 1766) was Queen of Spain by marriage to King Philip V. She exerted great influence over Spain's foreign policy and was the ''de facto'' r ...
, niece of
Francesco Farnese, Duke of Parma
Francesco Farnese (19 May 1678 – 26 February 1727) reigned as the seventh Farnese Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1694 until his death. Married to Dorothea Sophia of the Palatinate, his brother Odoardo's widow, to avoid the return of her dowry ...
, in 1714. She presented Philip with three sons, for whom she had ambitions of securing Italian crowns. Thus she induced Philip to occupy Sardinia and Sicily in 1717.
A
Quadruple Alliance of Britain, France, Austria and the Netherlands was organized on 2 August 1718 to stop him. In the
Treaty of The Hague, signed on 17 February 1720, Philip renounced his conquests of Sardinia and Sicily, but he assured the ascension of his eldest son by Elisabeth to the Duchy of Parma upon the reigning duke's death. Philip abdicated in January 1724 in favor of
Louis I Louis I may refer to:
* Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor
* Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia (ruled 1123–1140)
* Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158)
* Louis I of Blois ...
, his eldest son with his first wife, but Louis died in August and Philip resumed the crown.
When the
War of the Polish Succession
The War of the Polish Succession ( pl, Wojna o sukcesję polską; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II of Poland, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of thei ...
began in 1733, Philip and Elisabeth saw another opportunity to advance the claims of their sons and recover at least part of the former possessions of the Spanish crown on the Italian peninsula. Philip signed the
Family Compact
The Family Compact was a small closed group of men who exercised most of the political, economic and judicial power in Upper Canada (today’s Ontario) from the 1810s to the 1840s. It was the Upper Canadian equivalent of the Château Clique in ...
with Louis XV, his nephew and king of France. Charles, Duke of Parma since 1731, invaded Naples. At the conclusion of peace on 13 November 1738, control of Parma and Piacenza was ceded to Austria, which had occupied the duchies but was now forced to recognise Charles as king of Naples and Sicily. Philip also used the
War of the Austrian Succession
The War of the Austrian Succession () was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748. Fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, related conflicts included King George's ...
to win more territory in Italy. He did not live to see it to its conclusion, however, dying in 1746.
Ferdinand VI and Charles III
Ferdinand VI
, house = Bourbon-Anjou
, father = Philip V of Spain
, mother = Maria Luisa of Savoy
, birth_date = 23 September 1713
, birth_place = Royal Alcazar of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
, death_date =
, death_place = Villavic ...
, second son of Philip V and his first wife, succeeded his father. He was a peace-loving monarch who kept Spain out of the
Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (175 ...
. He died in 1759 in the midst of that conflict and was succeeded by his half-brother
Charles III
Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person t ...
. Charles was the eldest son of Philip and Elisabeth Farnese. He was born in 1716 and had become Duke of Parma when the last Farnese duke died in 1731.
Following Spain's victory over the Austrians at the
battle of Bitonto
The Battle of Bitonto (25 May 1734) was a Spanish victory over Austrian forces near Bitonto in the Kingdom of Naples (in southern Italy) in the War of Polish Succession. The battle ended organized Austrian resistance outside a small number of ...
, it proved inexpedient to reunite Naples and Sicily to Spain, so as a compromise Charles became King of Naples, as Charles IV and VII of Sicily. Following Charles' accession to the Spanish throne in 1759 he was required, by the Treaty of Naples of 3 October 1759, to abdicate Naples and Sicily to his third son,
Ferdinand
Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "co ...
, thus initiating the branch known as the Neapolitan Bourbons.
Charles revived the Family Compact with France on 15 August 1761 and joined in the Seven Years' War against Britain in 1762; the reformist policies he had espoused in Naples were pursued with similar energy in Spain, where he completely overhauled the cumbersome bureaucracy of the state. As a French ally he opposed Britain during the American Revolution in June 1779, supplying large quantities of weapons and munitions to the rebels and keeping one third of all the British forces in the Americas occupied defending Florida and what is now
Alabama
(We dare defend our rights)
, anthem = "Alabama"
, image_map = Alabama in United States.svg
, seat = Montgomery
, LargestCity = Huntsville
, LargestCounty = Baldwin County
, LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham
, area_total_km2 = 135,765 ...
, which were ultimately recaptured by Spain. Charles died in 1788.
Bourbons of Parma
Elisabeth Farnese's ambitions were realized at the conclusion of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1748 when the
Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza ( it, Ducato di Parma e Piacenza, la, Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae), was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.
Originally a realm of the Farnes ...
, already occupied by Spanish troops, were ceded by Austria to her second son,
Philip, and combined with the former
Gonzaga duchy of
Guastalla
Guastalla ( Guastallese: ) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Reggio Emilia in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
Geography
Guastalla is situated in the Po Valley, and lies on the banks of the Po River. Guastalla is located at around from the citie ...
. Elisabeth died in 1766.
Later Bourbon monarchs outside France
![Ducal Coat of Arms of Parma (1748-1802)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Ducal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Parma_%281748-1802%29.svg)
Upon the fall of the French Empire, Ferdinand I was restored to the throne of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1815, founding the
House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
The House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies is a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons that ruled Southern Italy and Sicily for more than a century in the 18th and 19th centuries. It descends from the Capetian dynasty in legitimate male line through Phili ...
. His subjects revolted in 1820 and he was forced to grant a constitution; Austria invaded in March 1821 and revoked the constitution. He was succeeded by his son,
Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to:
* Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407)
* Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450
* Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547
* Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lau ...
, in 1825 and by his grandson,
Ferdinand II, in 1830. Another revolution erupted in January 1848 and Ferdinand was also forced to grant a constitution. This constitution was revoked in 1849. Ferdinand was succeeded by his son,
Francis II, in May 1859.
When
Giuseppe Garibaldi captured Naples in 1860, Francis restored the constitution in an attempt to save his sovereignty. He fled to the fortress of
Gaeta, which was
captured by the Piedmontese troops in February 1861; his kingdom was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861, after the fall the fortress of
Messina (surrendered on 12 March), although the Neapolitan troops in
Civitella del Tronto
Civitella del Tronto () is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Teramo, within the Abruzzo region of central Italy. It is in the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park.
History
The origins of Civitella are unknown, though in the area have ...
resisted three days longer.
After the fall of Napoleon, Napoleon's wife,
Maria Louisa, was made Duchess of Parma. As compensation, Charles Louis, the former king of Etruria, was made the Duke of Lucca. When Maria Louisa died in 1847 he was restored to Parma as
Charles II. Lucca was incorporated into Tuscany. He was succeeded by his son,
Charles III
Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person t ...
, and grandson,
Robert I, in 1854. The people of Parma voted for a union with the kingdom of Sardinia in 1860. After Italian unification the next year, the Bourbon dynasty in Italy was no more.
Ferdinand VII was restored to the throne of Spain in March 1814. Like his Italian Bourbon counterpart, his subjects revolted against him in January 1820 and he was forced to grant a constitution. A French army invaded in 1823 and the constitution was revoked. Ferdinand married his fourth wife,
Maria Christina, the daughter of Francis I, the Bourbon king of Sicily, in 1829. Despite his many marriages he did not have a son, so in 1833 he was influenced by his wife to abolish the
Salic Law so that their daughter, Isabella, could become queen depriving his brother,
Don Carlos
''Don Carlos'' is a five-act grand opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi to a French-language libretto by Joseph Méry and Camille du Locle, based on the dramatic play '' Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien'' (''Don Carlos, Infante of Spain'') by Fried ...
, of the throne.
Isabella II
Isabella II ( es, Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868.
Shortly before her birth, the King Ferdinand VII of Spain issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the successi ...
succeeded her father when he died in 1833. She was only three years old and Maria Cristina, her mother, served as regent. Maria knew that she needed the support of the liberals to oppose Don Carlos so she granted a constitution in 1834. Don Carlos found his
greatest support in Catalonia and the Basques country because the constitution centralized the provinces thus denying them the autonomy they sought. He was defeated and fled the country in 1839. Isabella was declared of age in 1843 and she married her cousin Francisco de Asis, the son of her father's brother, on 10 October 1846. A military revolution broke out against Isabella in 1868 and she was deposed on 29 September. She abdicated in favor of her son, Alfonso, in 1870, but Spain was proclaimed a republic for a brief time.
When the
First Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic ( es, República Española), historiographically referred to as the First Spanish Republic, was the political regime that existed in Spain from 11 February 1873 to 29 December 1874.
The Republic's founding ensued after th ...
failed the crown was offered to Isabella's son who accepted on 1 January 1875 as
Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo; 28 November 185725 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885 ...
.
Don Carlos
''Don Carlos'' is a five-act grand opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi to a French-language libretto by Joseph Méry and Camille du Locle, based on the dramatic play '' Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien'' (''Don Carlos, Infante of Spain'') by Fried ...
, who returned to Spain, was again defeated and resumed his exile in February 1876. Alfonso granted a new constitution in July 1876 that was more liberal than the one granted by his grandmother. His reign was cut short when he died in 1885 at the age of twenty-eight.
Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alf ...
was born on 17 May 1886 after the death of his father. His mother,
Maria Christina, the second wife of Alfonso XII served as regent. Alfonso XIII was declared of age in 1902 and he married Victoria Eugénie Julia Ena of Battenberg, the granddaughter of the British queen
Victoria
Victoria most commonly refers to:
* Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia
* Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada
* Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory
* Victoria, Seychelle ...
, on 31 May 1906. He remained neutral during World War I, but supported the military coup of
Miguel Primo de Rivera
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930), was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era. He deepl ...
on 13 September 1923. A movement towards the establishment of a republic began in 1930 and Alfonso fled the country on 14 April 1931. He never formally abdicated, but lived the rest of his life in exile. He died in 1941.
The Bourbon dynasty seemed finished in Spain as in the rest of the world, but it would be resurrected. The Second Spanish Republic was overthrown in the
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link ...
, leading to the dictatorship of
Francisco Franco. He named
Juan Carlos de Borbón
Juan Carlos I (;,
* ca, Joan Carles I,
* gl, Xoán Carlos I, Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 Novem ...
, a grandson of Alfonso XIII, his successor in 1969. When Franco died six years later, Juan Carlos I took the throne to restore the Bourbon dynasty. The new king oversaw the
Spanish transition to democracy; the
Spanish Constitution of 1978
The Spanish Constitution (Spanish, Asturleonese, and gl, Constitución Española; eu, Espainiako Konstituzioa; ca, Constitució Espanyola; oc, Constitucion espanhòla) is the democratic law that is supreme in the Kingdom of Spain. It was ...
recognized the monarchy.
Since 1964 the Bourbon-Parma line has reigned agnatically though not officially in Luxembourg through Grand Dukes
Jean
Jean may refer to:
People
* Jean (female given name)
* Jean (male given name)
* Jean (surname)
Fictional characters
* Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character
* Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations
* Jea ...
and his son
Henri. In June 2011, Luxembourg adopted absolute primogeniture, replacing the old Semi-Salic law that might have guaranteed the survival of Bourbon rule for generations.
Though it is not as powerful as it once was and no longer reigns in its native country of France, the House of Bourbon is by no means extinct and has survived to the present-day world, predominantly composed of republics.
The House of Bourbon, in its surviving branches, is believed to be the oldest royal dynasty of Europe (and the oldest documented European family altogether) that is still existing in the direct male line today: The
House of Capet
The House of Capet (french: Maison capétienne) or the Direct Capetians (''Capétiens directs''), also called the House of France (''la maison de France''), or simply the Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France from 987 to 1328. It was the most ...
's male ancestors, the
Robertians
The Robertians (sometimes called the Robertines in modern scholarship) are the proposed Frankish family which was ancestral to the Capetian dynasty, and thus to the royal families of France and of many other countries. The Capetians appear first ...
, go back to
Robert of Hesbaye Robert II (Rodbert, Chrodobert) (died 12 July 807) was a Frankish nobleman who was count of Worms and of Rheingau and count of Hesbaye around the year 800.
It has been proposed that he is the father of Robert III of Worms, and the earliest-known ...
(d. 807) as their first secured ancestor and he is believed to be a direct male descendant of Charibert de Haspengau (c. 555–636). Should this be true, only the
Imperial House of Japan would outmatch the Bourbon's age, being reliably documented – as a ruling house already – from about 540. The
House of Hesse
The House of Hesse is a European dynasty, directly descended from the House of Brabant. They ruled the region of Hesse, one branch as prince-electors until 1866, and another branch as grand dukes until 1918. Burke's Royal Families of the World, ...
traces its line back to 841, the
House of Welf-Este and the
House of Wettin
The House of Wettin () is a dynasty of German kings, prince-electors, dukes, and counts that once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The dynasty is one of the oldest in Europe, and its ori ...
are both emerging in the 10th century (and so do some Italian non-ruling houses like the
Caetani
The House of Caetani, or Gaetani, is the name of an Italian noble family, originally from the city of Gaeta, connected by some to the lineage of the lords of the Duchy of Gaeta, as well as to the patrician Gaetani of the Republic of Pisa. It play ...
or the
Massimo family
The princely House of Massimo is one of the great aristocratic families of Rome, renowned for its influence on the politics, the church and the artistic heritage of the city.
Legendary origins
The Massimo family is sometimes referred to as one ...
), whereas most of the other ruling families of Europe only turn up to the light of history after the year 1000.
List of Bourbon rulers
France
Monarchs of France
Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.
*
Henry IV, the Great (1589–1610)
*
Louis XIII
Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown ...
, the Just (1610–1643)
*
Louis XIV
, house = Bourbon
, father = Louis XIII
, mother = Anne of Austria
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
, death_date =
, death_place = Palace of Ver ...
, the Sun King (1643–1715)
*
Louis XV
Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached ...
, the Well-Beloved (1715–1774)
*
Louis XVI
Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...
(1774–1792)
Claimants to the throne of France
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
*
Louis XVI
Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...
(1792–1793)
*
Louis XVII
Louis XVII (born Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy; 27 March 1785 – 8 June 1795) was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. His older brother, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, died in June 1789, a little over a m ...
(1793–1795)
*
Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...
(1795–1814)
Monarchs of France
Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.
*
Louis XVIII
Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired (), was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent twenty-three years in ...
(1814–1824)
*
Charles X
Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Lou ...
(1824–1830)
*
Louis-Philippe
Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France.
As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wa ...
(House of Bourbon-Orléans) (1830–1848)
Legitimist claimants in France
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
*
Charles X
Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Lou ...
(1830–1836)
*
Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
Louis Antoine of France, Duke of Angoulême (6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844) was the elder son of Charles X of France and the last Dauphin of France from 1824 to 1830. He was disputedly King of France and Navarre for less than 20 minutes befo ...
(Louis XIX) (1836–1844)
*
Henri, Count of Chambord
Henri, Count of Chambord and Duke of Bordeaux (french: Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de Chambord; 29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883) was disputedly King of France from 2 to 9 August 1830 as Hen ...
(Henri V) (1844–1883)
Legitimist claimants in France (Spanish branch)
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
*
Juan, Count of Montizón (Jean III) (1883–1887)
*
Carlos, Duke of Madrid
''Don'' Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este (Spanish: ''Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael''; French: ''Charles Marie des Douleurs Jean Isidore Joseph François Cyr Antoine Michel Gabriel R ...
(Charles XI) (1887–1909)
*
Jaime, Duke of Anjou and Madrid (Jacques I) (1909–1931)
*
Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime (Charles XII) (1931–1936)
*
Alfonso XIII of Spain (Alphonse I) (1936–1941) (did not claim the Throne of France)
*
Jaime, Duke of Segovia (Jacques II / Henri VI) (1941–1975)
*
Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz
Alfonso, Duke of Anjou, Duke of Cádiz, Grandee of Spain (''Alfonso Jaime Marcelino Manuel Víctor María de Borbón y Dampierre'', French citizen as ''Alphonse de Bourbon''; 20 April 1936 – 30 January 1989) was a grandson of King Alfonso XIII ...
(Alphonse II) (1975–1989)
*
Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou
Louis Alphonse de BourbonHis name is given as "Prince Louis Alphonse of Bourbon and Martínez-Bordiú, Duke of Anjou" by Olga S. Opfell in ''Royalty who Wait: The 21 Heads of Formerly Regnant Houses of Europe'' (2001), p. 11. ( es, Luis Alfonso ...
(Louis XX) (1989–present)
Orléanist and Unionist claimants in France
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
*
Prince Philippe, Count of Paris
Prince Philippe of Orléans, Count of Paris (Louis Philippe Albert; 24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894), was disputedly King of the French from 24 to 26 February 1848 as Louis Philippe II, although he was never officially proclaimed as such. ...
(Philippe VII) (1883–1894)
*
Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (Philippe VIII) (1894–1926)
*
Prince Jean, Duke of Guise
Prince Jean of Orléans, Duke of Guise (Jean Pierre Clément Marie; 4 September 1874 – 25 August 1940), was the third son and youngest child of Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres (1840–1910), grandson of Prince Ferdinand Philippe and great- ...
(Jean III) (1926–1940)
*
Prince Henri, Count of Paris (Henry VI) (1940–1999)
*
Prince Henri, Count of Paris (Henry VII) (1999–2019)
*
Prince Jean, Count of Paris (Jean IV) (2019–present)
Kingdom of Spain
Monarchs of Spain
Dates indicate seniority, not lifetimes. Where reign as king or queen of Spain is different, this is noted.
*
Philip V Philip V may refer to:
* Philip V of Macedon (221–179 BC)
* Philip V of France (1293–1322)
* Philip II of Spain, also Philip V, Duke of Burgundy (1526–1598)
* Philip V of Spain
Philip V ( es, Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was ...
(1700–1746)
bdicated 1724, resumed throne on death of son*
Louis I Louis I may refer to:
* Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor
* Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia (ruled 1123–1140)
* Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158)
* Louis I of Blois ...
ing 1724; ruled less than one year*
Ferdinand VI
, house = Bourbon-Anjou
, father = Philip V of Spain
, mother = Maria Luisa of Savoy
, birth_date = 23 September 1713
, birth_place = Royal Alcazar of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
, death_date =
, death_place = Villavic ...
(1746–1759)
*
Charles III
Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person t ...
(1759–1788)
*
Charles IV (1788–1808)
*
Ferdinand VII
, house = Bourbon-Anjou
, father = Charles IV of Spain
, mother = Maria Luisa of Parma
, birth_date = 14 October 1784
, birth_place = El Escorial, Spain
, death_date =
, death_place = Madrid, Spain
, burial_plac ...
(1808–1833)
ing 1808, 1813–1833*
Isabella II
Isabella II ( es, Isabel II; 10 October 1830 – 9 April 1904), was Queen of Spain from 29 September 1833 until 30 September 1868.
Shortly before her birth, the King Ferdinand VII of Spain issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the successi ...
(1833–1870)
ueen 1833–1868*
Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII (Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo; 28 November 185725 November 1885), also known as El Pacificador or the Peacemaker, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885 ...
(1870–1885)
ing 1874–1885*
Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII (17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also known as El Africano or the African, was King of Spain from 17 May 1886 to 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was a monarch from birth as his father, Alf ...
(1886–1941)
ing 1886–1931*
Juan, Count of Barcelona
Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona (Juan Carlos Teresa Silverio Alfonso de Borbón y Battenberg; 20 June 1913 – 1 April 1993), also known as Don Juan, was a claimant to the Spanish throne as Juan III. He was the third son and designated heir o ...
(Juan III) (1941–1977)
id not become King*
Juan Carlos I (1977–2014)
ing 1975–2014
Ing, ING or ing may refer to:
Art and media
* ''...ing'', a 2003 Korean film
* i.n.g, a Taiwanese girl group
* The Ing, a race of dark creatures in the 2004 video game ''Metroid Prime 2: Echoes''
* "Ing", the first song on The Roches' 1992 al ...
*
Felipe VI
Felipe VI (;,
* eu, Felipe VI.a,
* ca, Felip VI,
* gl, Filipe VI, . Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Grecia; born 30 January 1968) is King of Spain. He is the son of former King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía, and ...
(2014–present)
"Carlist" claimants in Spain
Dates indicate claims, not lifetimes.
*
Infante Carlos, Count of Molina (Carlos V) (1833–1845)
*
Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin
''Infante'' (, ; f. ''infanta''), also anglicised as Infant or translated as Prince, is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and León) and Portugal to th ...
(Carlos VI) (1845–1861)
*
Juan, Count of Montizón (Juan III) (1861–1868)
*
Carlos, Duke of Madrid
''Don'' Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este (Spanish: ''Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael''; French: ''Charles Marie des Douleurs Jean Isidore Joseph François Cyr Antoine Michel Gabriel R ...
(Carlos VII) (1868–1909)
*
Jaime, Duke of Madrid
Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma, known as Duke of Madrid and as Jacques de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou in France (27 June 1870 – 2 October 1931), was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Jaime III and the Legitimist c ...
(Jaime III) (1909–1931)
*
Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon, Duke of San Jaime
Infante Alfonso Carlos of Spain, Duke of San Jaime (Alfonso Carlos Fernando José Juan Pío; 12 September 1849, in London – 29 September 1936, in Vienna) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Alfonso Carlos I; some Fr ...
(Alfonso Carlos I) (1931–1936)
*
Xavier, Duke of Parma
Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, known in France before 1974 as Prince Xavier de Bourbon-Parme, known in Spain as Francisco Javier de Borbón-Parma y de Braganza or simply as Don Javier (25 May 1889 – 7 May 1977), was the head of the ducal Ho ...
(Xavier I) (1936–1952–1977)
*
Carlos Hugo of Bourbon, Duke of Parma
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (8 April 1930 – 18 August 2010) was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma from 1977 until his death. Carlos Hugo was the Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain and sought to change the political directi ...
(Carlos Hugo I) (1977–1979)
*
Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma
Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma ( es, link=no, Don Sixto Enrique de Borbón-Parma y Borbón-Busset; it, Sisto Enrico di Borbone Parma; born 22 July 1940), known as Enrique V by supporters, is considered Regent of Spain by some Carlists who ...
(Sixto Enrique I) (1979–present)
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes.
*
Jean
Jean may refer to:
People
* Jean (female given name)
* Jean (male given name)
* Jean (surname)
Fictional characters
* Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character
* Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations
* Jea ...
(1964–2000)
*
Henri (2000–present)
Other significant Bourbon titles
*
Dukes of Bourbon
Duke of Bourbon (french: Duc de Bourbon) is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert of France, Count of Clermont and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the lordship of B ...
,
Montpensier
The French lordship of Montpensier (named after the village of Montpensier, département of Puy-de-Dôme), located in historical Auvergne, became a countship in the 14th century.
It changed hands from the House of Thiern, to the House of Beau ...
,
Vendôme
Vendôme (, ) is a subprefecture of the department of Loir-et-Cher, France. It is also the department's third-biggest commune with 15,856 inhabitants (2019).
It is one of the main towns along the river Loir. The river divides itself at the ...
,
Anjou Anjou may refer to:
Geography and titles France
* County of Anjou, a historical county in France and predecessor of the Duchy of Anjou
**Count of Anjou, title of nobility
*Duchy of Anjou, a historical duchy and later a province of France
**Duk ...
,
Kings of the Two Sicilies,
Dukes of Parma
The Duke of Parma and Piacenza () was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a historical state of Northern Italy, which existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859.
The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, excep ...
,
Dukes of Orléans
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ran ...
,
Princes of Orléans and Braganza
*
Princes of Condé
The Most Serene House of Bourbon-Condé (), named after Condé-en-Brie now in the Aisne ', was a French princely house and a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. The name of the house was derived from the title of Prince of Condé (French: ''p ...
*
Princes of Conti
The title of Prince of Conti (French: ''prince de Conti'') was a French noble title, assumed by a cadet branch of the princely house of Bourbon-Condé.
History
The title derives its name from Conty, a small town in northern France, c. 35 km ...
Surnames used
Officially, the
King of France had no family name. A prince with the rank of ''
fils de France'' (Son of France) is surnamed "''de France''"; all the male-line descendants of each ''fils de France'', however, took his main title (whether an
appanage
An appanage, or apanage (; french: apanage ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture. It was common in much o ...
or a
courtesy title) as their family or last name. However, when
Louis XVI
Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...
was put on trial and later "
guillotined
A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with stocks at t ...
" (executed) by the revolutionaries
National Convention
The National Convention (french: link=no, Convention nationale) was the parliament of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for the rest of its existence during the French Revolution, following the two-year Nationa ...
in France in 1793, they somewhat contemptuously referred to him in written documents and spoken address as "Citizen Louis Capet" as if a "commoner" (referring back to the
Medieval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
origins of the Bourbon Dynasty's name and referring to
Hugh Capet
Hugh Capet (; french: Hugues Capet ; c. 939 – 14 October 996) was the King of the Franks from 987 to 996. He is the founder and first king from the House of Capet. The son of the powerful duke Hugh the Great and his wife Hedwige of Saxony, ...
, founder of the
Capetian dynasty).
Members of the House of Bourbon-Condé and its cadet branches, which never ascended to the throne, used the surname "de Bourbon" until their extinction in 1830.
The daughters of
Gaston, Duke of Orléans, were the first members of the House of Bourbon since the accession of Henry IV to take their surname from the appanage of their father (d'Orléans). Gaston died without a male heir; his titles reverted to the crown. It was given to his nephew,
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
''Monsieur'' Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (21 September 1640 – 9 June 1701), was the younger son of King Louis XIII of France and his wife, Anne of Austria. His elder brother was the "Sun King", Louis XIV. Styled Duke of Anjou from bir ...
, brother of Louis XIV, whose descendants still bear the surname.
When Philippe, grandson of Louis XIV, became King of Spain as
Philip V Philip V may refer to:
* Philip V of Macedon (221–179 BC)
* Philip V of France (1293–1322)
* Philip II of Spain, also Philip V, Duke of Burgundy (1526–1598)
* Philip V of Spain
Philip V ( es, Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was ...
, he gave up his French titles. As a Son of France, his actual surname was "de France". However, since that surname was not heritable for descendants of rank lower than Son of France, and since Philippe had already given up his French titles, his descendants simply took the name of their royal house as their surname ("de Bourbon", rendered in Spanish as "de Borbón").
The children of Philippe's brother,
Charles, Duke of Berry (all of whom died in infancy), were given the surname "d'Alencon". He was Duke of Berry only
in name, so the surname of his children was taken from his first substantial duchy.
The children of Charles Philippe, Count of Artois, brother of Louis XVI, were surnamed "d'Artois". When Charles succeeded to the throne as
Charles X
Charles X (born Charles Philippe, Count of Artois; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. An uncle of the uncrowned Louis XVII and younger brother to reigning kings Louis XVI and Lou ...
, his son
Louis Antoine
Louis Antoine (23 November 1888 – 8 February 1971) was a French mathematician who discovered Antoine's necklace, which J. W. Alexander used to construct Antoine's horned sphere. He lost his eyesight in the first World War, at the age of 29.
Ear ...
became a Son of France, with the corresponding change in surname. His grandson,
Henri d'Artois, being merely a Grandson of France, would use the surname until his death.
Capetian related branches
*
Hugh Capet
Hugh Capet (; french: Hugues Capet ; c. 939 – 14 October 996) was the King of the Franks from 987 to 996. He is the founder and first king from the House of Capet. The son of the powerful duke Hugh the Great and his wife Hedwige of Saxony, ...
**
Robert II of France
Robert II (c. 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious (french: link=no, le Pieux) or the Wise (french: link=no, le Sage), was King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty.
Crowned Junior King in 987, he assisted h ...
***
Henry I of France
Henry I (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. T ...
****
Philip I of France
Philip I (23 May 1052 – 29 July 1108), called the Amorous, was King of the Franks from 1060 to 1108. His reign, like that of most of the early Capetians, was extraordinarily long for the time. The monarchy began a modest recovery from the low i ...
*****
Louis VI of France
******
Louis VII of France
*******
Philip II of France
Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (french: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French m ...
********
Louis VIII of France
Louis VIII (5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226), nicknamed The Lion (french: Le Lion), was King of France from 1223 to 1226. As prince, he invaded England on 21 May 1216 and was excommunicated by a papal legate on 29 May 1216. On 2 June 1216 ...
*********
Louis IX of France
**********
Philip III of France
Philip III (1 May 1245 – 5 October 1285), called the Bold (french: le Hardi), was King of France from 1270 until his death in 1285. His father, Louis IX, died in Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. Philip, who was accompanying him, returned ...
***********
Philip IV of France
***********
House of Valois
The Capetian house of Valois ( , also , ) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. They succeeded the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") to the French throne, and were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589. Junior members of the f ...
***********
House of Évreux
The House of Évreux was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal house of France, which flourished from the beginning of the 14th century to the mid 15th century. It became the royal house of the Kingdom of Navarre.
The House was founded ...
**********
![Blason comte fr Clermont (Bourbon)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Blason_comte_fr_Clermont_%28Bourbon%29.svg)
''House of Bourbon''
*********
House of Artois
The House of Artois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descended from Louis VIII the Lion, King of France, through his younger son, Robert (1216 † 1250). Robert received the County of Artois as appanage in his father's will.
In 1297, ...
*********
House of Anjou
******
House of Dreux
The House of Dreux was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. It was founded by Robert I, Count of Dreux, a son of Louis VI of France, who was given the County of Dreux as his appanage.
The Counts of Dreux were relatively minor nobles in Fra ...
******
House of Courtenay
The House of Courtenay is a medieval noble house, with branches in France, England and the Holy Land. One branch of the Courtenays became a Royal House of the Capetian Dynasty, cousins of the Bourbons and the Valois, and achieved the title ...
****
House of Vermandois
***
House of Burgundy
The House of Burgundy () was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descending from Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, a younger son of King Robert II of France. The House ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1032–1361 and achieved the recognized title ...
The three dynasties of Bourbon
The first were the lords of Bourbon, who died out by the males in 1171, then by the women in 1216. Their coat of arms are: D'or au lion de gueules, et à l'orle de huit coquilles d'azur Nicolas Louis Achaintre, ''Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of Bourbon'' vol. 1, ed. Didot, 1825, page 45.
The second family formed by the marriage of the last descendant of the first family,
Mathilde of Bourbon
Mathilde of Bourbon (french: links=no, Mahaut de Bourbon; Theodore Evergates, ''The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300'', (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007), 217. – 18 June 1228) was a French noblewoman who was the ruling ...
with
Guy II of Dampierre
{{Infobox noble
, name = Guy II of Dampierre
, title = Lord of Dampierre
, image = Coat of arms of the House of Welf-Brunswick (Braunschweig).svg
, caption = The arms borne
, alt = ...
, this land passed to the
house of Dampierre
The House of Dampierre played an important role during the Middle Ages. Named after Dampierre, Aube, Dampierre, in the Champagne region, where members first became prominent, members of the family were later Count of Flanders, Count of Nevers, Cou ...
in 1196. The coat of arms of this family is: "De gueules à deux léopards d'or, avec couronne de baron",
[Nicolas Louis Achaintre, ''Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of Bourbon'' vol. 1, ed. Didot, 1825, page 30] but they took the coat of arms of the previous ones. The son of Guy de Dampierre and Mahaut de Bourbon, Archambaud VIII, took the name and arms of his mother, "de Bourbon", the
House of Bourbon-Dampierre
The House of Bourbon-Dampierre refers to a noble dynasty that emerged from the marriage of Guy II of Dampierre with Mathilde of Bourbon in 1197. The male line of this house ended in 1249, while the female line persisted until 1287.
History
Throug ...
. By the marriage of,
Agnes of Dampierre (died around 1287), with
John of Burgundy, this important lordship passed to their daughter
Béatrice de Bourgogne (1257–1310), lady of Bourbon, then to her husband*
Robert, Count of Clermont
Robert of Clermont (1256 – 7 February 1317) was a French '' prince du sang'' who was created Count of Clermont in 1268. He was the sixth and last son of King Louis IX (Saint Louis) and Margaret of Provence.''Bourbon'', John Bell Henneman Jr. ...
(1256–1317), and penultimate child of
Saint Louis, thus possessing the land of Bourbon by "the right of the woman (''
de iure uxoris
''Jure uxoris'' (a Latin phrase meaning "by right of (his) wife"), citing . describes a title of nobility used by a man because his wife holds the office or title ''suo jure'' ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could becom ...
'').
The third house of Bourbon acceded to the throne of
Navarre in 1555, then to the throne of France in 1589 by
Henri IV
Henry IV (french: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarc ...
. His coat of arms are: "D'azur, fleurs-de-lys d'or sans nombre, l'écu brisé d'un bâton ou cotice de gueules, brochant sur le tout, avec couronne de fils de France. The name '' House of Bourbon '' was then used to describe the entire
House of France
The term House of France refers to the branch of the Capetian dynasty which provided the Kings of France following the election of Hugh Capet. The House of France consists of a number of branches and their sub-branches. Some of its branches ha ...
, officially since 29 June 1768, date of death of
Hélène de Courtenay (1689–1768), with which was extinguished the
Capetian House of Courtenay, extinction which made the House of France the only branch dynasty resulting from the dukes of Bourbon.
First House of Bourbon
The Lords of Bourbon, 9th century until 1196.
*Knight
Aymar or Adhemar, († v. 953)
**
Aymon Ier, Lord of Bourbon († v. 959)
***
Archambaud I the Frank, Lord of Bourbon († v. 990)
****
Archambaud II the Old Man, Lord of Bourbon († v. 1031)
*****
Archambaud III the Younger, Lord of Bourbon († 1064)
******
Archambaud IV the Strong, Lord of Bourbon († 1078)
*******
Archambaud V the Pious, Lord of Bourbon († 1096)
********
Archambaud VI the Pupil, Lord of Bourbon († 1116)
*********
Aymon II Cow-Coward, Lord of Bourbon († 1120)
**********
Archambaud VII, Lord of Bourbon († 1171)
***********
ourbon Archambaud(† 1169)
************
Mathilde Ire, Lady of Bourbon († 1218) x
Guy II of Dampierre
{{Infobox noble
, name = Guy II of Dampierre
, title = Lord of Dampierre
, image = Coat of arms of the House of Welf-Brunswick (Braunschweig).svg
, caption = The arms borne
, alt = ...
, Marshal of Champagne († 1216)
*************, → see below
Second House of Bourbon (Bourbon-Dampierre)
Prince of Bourbon since 1196.
*
Mathilde (Mahaut), Lady of Bourbon († 1218), granddaughter of Archambault VII, Lord of Bourbon, married
Guy II of Dampierre, Marshall of Champagne († 1216)
**
Archambaud VIII the Great, Lord of Bourbon († 1242)
***
Archambaud IX the Young, Lord of Bourbon († 1249), married Yolande of Châtillon, Countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre
**** Mahaut II, Lady of Bourbon († 1262) married
Eudes of Burgundy († 1266)
*****
Capetian House of Burgundy
The House of Burgundy () was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descending from Robert I, Duke of Burgundy, a younger son of King Robert II of France. The House ruled the Duchy of Burgundy from 1032–1361 and achieved the recognized title ...
**** Agnès, Countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre († 1288) married
John of Burgundy, Lord of Charolais († 1268)
*****
Beatrix of Burgundy married
Robert, Count of Clermont
Robert of Clermont (1256 – 7 February 1317) was a French '' prince du sang'' who was created Count of Clermont in 1268. He was the sixth and last son of King Louis IX (Saint Louis) and Margaret of Provence.''Bourbon'', John Bell Henneman Jr. ...
Third and current House of Bourbon
Princes and Dukes of Bourbon from 1327 to 1830.
, → Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon
Beatrice of Burgundy (1257 – October 1, 1310) was a ruling Lady of Bourbon in 1288-1310 and, through her mother, heiress of all Bourbon estates.
She was the daughter of John of Burgundy (son of Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy) and Agnes of Dam ...
x
Robert de France (1256–1317), Count of Clermont (son of
Louis IX of France (1215–1270) and of
Marguerite de Provence)
├─>
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
(1280–1342), Duke of Bourbon
│ X Marie d'Avesnes (1280–1354)
│ │
│ ├─>
Pierre
Pierre is a masculine given name. It is a French form of the name Peter. Pierre originally meant "rock" or "stone" in French (derived from the Greek word πέτρος (''petros'') meaning "stone, rock", via Latin "petra"). It is a translation ...
(1311–1356), Duke of Bourbon
│ │ X
Isabella of Valois
Isabella of France (9 November 1389 – 13 September 1409) was Queen of England as the wife of Richard II, King of England between 1396 and 1399, and Duchess (consort) of Orléans as the wife of Charles, Duke of Orléans from 1406 until her ...
(1313–1383)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>
Jeanne (1338–1378)
│ │ │ x
Charles V of France
Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise (french: le Sage; la, Sapiens), was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380. His reign marked an early high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armi ...
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>
Louis II (1337–1410), Duke of Bourbon
│ │ │ X
Anne of Auvergne
Anne of Auvergne also known as ''Anna d'Auvergne'' (1358 – 22 September 1417) was Sovereign Dauphine of Auvergne 1400-1417 and Countess of Forez in 1372-1417 as well as Dame de Mercoeur from 1400 and 1417. She was also Duchess of Bourbon by ...
(1358–1417), Comtess de Forez
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>
Jean
Jean may refer to:
People
* Jean (female given name)
* Jean (male given name)
* Jean (surname)
Fictional characters
* Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character
* Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations
* Jea ...
(1381–1434), Duke of Bourbon
│ │ │ │ X
Marie, Duchess of Auvergne
Marie de Berry (c. 1375 – June 1434) was ''suo jure'' Duchess of Auvergne and Countess of Montpensier in 1416-1434. She was the daughter of John, Duke of Berry, and Joanna of Armagnac. She was married three times. She acted as administrator of ...
(1367–1434)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>
Charles (1401–1456), Duke de Bourbon
│ │ │ │ │ X
Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Bourbon (1407–1476)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Jean II (1426–1488), Duke de Bourbon
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Jeanne de France (1430–1482)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Catherine d'Armagnac (+1487)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 3) Jeanne de Bourbon-Vendôme (1465–1512)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├2>Jean (1487–1487), Comte de Clermont
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └3>Louis (1488–1488), Comte de Clermont
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>
Mathieu (+1505), Prince de Bothéon en Forez (
Bouthéon)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Hector, (+1502), Archbishop of Toulouse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Pierre
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Marie (+1482)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jacques de Sainte-Colombe
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Marguerite (1445–1482)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean de Ferrieres (+1497)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Maison illégitime de Bourbon-Lavedan
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Charles (+1502), vicomte de Lavedan
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Louise du Lion, vicomtesse de Lavedan
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>''
branche illégitime des Bourbon Lavedan''
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marie (1428–1448)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X
Jean II, Duke of Lorraine (1425–1470)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Philippe, prince de Beaujeu (1430–1440)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Charles II (1434–1488), cardinal, archevêque de Lyon, duc de Bourbon
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Isabelle-Paris (+1497)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Gilbert de Chantelot
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Isabelle (1436–1465)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X
Charles the Bold
Charles I (Charles Martin; german: Karl Martin; nl, Karel Maarten; 10 November 1433 – 5 January 1477), nicknamed the Bold (German: ''der Kühne''; Dutch: ''de Stoute''; french: le Téméraire), was Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477. ...
(+1477)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
(1438–1482), évêque de Liege
│ │ │ │ │ │ X inconnue
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Maison illégitime de Bourbon-Busset
The Bourbon-Busset family is a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, being thus agnatic descendants of the Capetian dynasty. Historically, they have been regarded as non-dynastic since decisions rendered by Louis XI of France.
Possibly, howe ...
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>i>Pierre de Bourbon (1464–1529), baron de Busset
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Marguerite de Tourzel, dame de Busset (+1531)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>''branche illégitime des
Bourbon-Busset
The Bourbon-Busset family is a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, being thus agnatic descendants of the Capetian dynasty. Historically, they have been regarded as non-dynastic since decisions rendered by Louis XI of France.
Possibly, howe ...
''
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis (1465–1500)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Jacques (1466–1537)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Pierre II de Beaujeu (1438–1503), Duke of Bourbon
│ │ │ │ │ │ x
Anne of France
Anne of France (or Anne de Beaujeu; 3 April 146114 November 1522) was a French princess and regent, the eldest daughter of Louis XI by Charlotte of Savoy. Anne was the sister of Charles VIII, for whom she acted as regent during his minority fro ...
(1462–1522)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles, Comte de Clermont (1476–1498)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>
Suzanne (1491–1521)
│ │ │ │ │ │ x
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (17 February 1490 – 6 May 1527) was a French military leader, the count of Montpensier, Clermont and Auvergne, and dauphin of Auvergne from 1501 to 1523, then duke of Bourbon and Auvergne, count of Clermo ...
(1490–1527)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Catherine (1440–1469)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Adolphe de Gueldres (1438–1477)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne (1442–1493)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean II de Chalon, Prince d'Orange (+1502)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite (1444–1483)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X
Philip II, Duke of Savoy
Philip II (5 February 1438 – 7 November 1497), surnamed the Landless, was the Duke of Savoy for a brief reign from 1496 to 1497.
Biography
Philip was the granduncle of the previous duke Charles II, and the youngest surviving son of Duke Lou ...
(1438–1497)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └─>Jacques (1445–1468)
│ │ │ │ │ │
Maison illégitime de Bourbon-Roussillon
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Louis (+1487), comte de Roussillon-en-Dauphine et de Ligny
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne de France (+1519)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles (+1510), comte de Roussillon et de Ligny
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Anne de La Tour (+1530)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Suzanne (1466–1531), comtesse de Roussillon et de Ligny
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean de Chabannes, comte de Dammartin
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Charles, seigneur de Boulainvilliers (+1529)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Anne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean II, baron d'Arpajon
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Jean, abbé de Senilly
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Renaud (+1483), archevêque de Narbonne 1483
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Charles (1461–1504), évêque de Clermont
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Suzanne
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Louis de Coustaves, seigneur de Chazelles
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Pierre (+1490), prêtre, seigneur du Bois-d'Yoin-en-Lyonnais
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>Antoinette
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Pierre Dyenne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Catherine
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Pierre Holiflant
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Jeanne
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean du Fay, seigneur de Bray-en-Touraine
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Charlotte
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Odilles de Senay
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Sidoine
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Rene, prince de Bus
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └i>Catherine, abbesse de Sainte-Claire-d'Aigueperse
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Louis, comte de Forez (1403–1412)
│ │ │ │ │
Maison de Bourbon-Montpensier (comtes)
│ │ │ │ └─>
Louis I, Count of Montpensier
Louis de Bourbon (1405 – May 1486) was the third son of John I, Duke of Bourbon and Marie, Duchess of Auvergne. He was Count of Montpensier, Clermont-en-Auvergne and Sancerre and Dauphin of Auvergne and was a younger brother of Charles I ...
│ │ │ │ │ X 1)
Jeanne, dauphine d'Auvergne (+1436)
│ │ │ │ │ X 2) Gabrielle de La Tour (+1486)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├2>
Gilbert (1443–1496), comte de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Claire Gonzaga (1464–1503)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Louise
Louise or Luise may refer to:
* Louise (given name)
Arts Songs
* "Louise" (Bonnie Tyler song), 2005
* "Louise" (The Human League song), 1984
* "Louise" (Jett Rebel song), 2013
* "Louise" (Maurice Chevalier song), 1929
*"Louise", by Clan of ...
(1482–1561), duchesse de Montpensier, dauphine d'Auvergne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Andre III de Chauvigny (+1503)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2)
Louis de Bourbon Louis de Bourbon may refer to:
* Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (1279 – 1342), Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and La Marche, and the first Duke of Bourbon
* Louis II, Duke of Bourbon, called the Good (1337 – 1410), third Duke of Bourbon
* Louis de ...
, prince of la Roche-sur-Yon (1473–1520)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Louis II (1483–1501), comte de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (17 February 1490 – 6 May 1527) was a French military leader, the count of Montpensier, Clermont and Auvergne, and dauphin of Auvergne from 1501 to 1523, then duke of Bourbon and Auvergne, count of Clermo ...
(1490–1527), duc de Bourbon (1490–1527), le "connétable de Bourbon"
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X
Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon
Suzanne de Bourbon (10 May 1491 – 28 April 1521) was ''suo jure'' Duchess of Bourbon and Auvergne from 1503 to her death alongside her husband Charles III.
Early life
Suzanne was born the second child and only daughter of Duke Peter I ...
(1491–1521)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François, comte de Clermont (1517–1518)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>deux jumeaux (1518–1518)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Catherine
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Bertrand Salmart, seigneur of Ressis
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François (1492–1515), duc de Chatellerault
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Renée, dame de Mercœur (1494–1539)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X
Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (1489–1544)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Anne (1495–1510)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├2>Jean (1445–1485)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├2>Gabrielle (1447–1516)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Louis de la Tremoille, prince de Talmond (+1525)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └2>Charlotte (1449–1478)
│ │ │ │ │ X Wolfart van Borsselen, comte de Grandpré (+1487)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├i>Jean, comte de Velay, évêque de Puy-Rembert-en-Forez 1485
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├i>Alexandre, prêtre
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├i>Guy (+1442)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├i>Marguerite
│ │ │ │ │ X
Rodrigo de Villandrando
Rodrigo de Villandrando (died c. 1457) was a Spanish routier from Castile and mercenary military leader in Gascony during the final phase of the Hundred Years' War. He was famous for his pillaging and was consequently known as the Emperor of Pi ...
, comte de Ribadeo
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └i>Edmée
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Louis, prince de Beaujolais (1388–1404)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Catherine (1378-jeune)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─>Isabelle (1384-ap.1451)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├i>Hector, prince de Dampierre-en-Champagne (1391–1414)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├i>Perceval (1402–1415)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├i>Pierre, chevalier
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├i>Jacques, moine
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └i>Jean, prince de Tanry
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Jeanne (1339 – Paris 1378)
│ │ │ X
Charles V of France
Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise (french: le Sage; la, Sapiens), was King of France from 1364 to his death in 1380. His reign marked an early high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armi ...
(1337–1380)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>
Blanche (1339–1361)
│ │ │ X
Peter of Castile
Peter ( es, Pedro; 30 August 133423 March 1369), called the Cruel () or the Just (), was King of Castile and León from 1350 to 1369. Peter was the last ruler of the main branch of the House of Ivrea. He was excommunicated by Pope Urban V for ...
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Bonne (1341–1402)
│ │ │ X
Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy
Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and Duke of Savoy from 1416 to 1440. He was the son of Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. He was a claimant to the papac ...
(+1383)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Catherine (1342–1427)
│ │ │ X
John VI, Count of Harcourt
John VI of Harcourt (or John of Vaudémont) (1 December 1342 – 28 February 1389) was a count of Harcourt. He was son of John V of Harcourt and Blanche of Ponthieu who was the sister of Jeanne of Ponthieu.
He succeeded to his father's counties o ...
(+1388)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Marguerite ((1344)
│ │ │ X
Arnaud Amanieu d'Albret (1338–1401)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Isabelle (1345–)
│ │ │
│ │ └─>Marie (1347–1401), prieure de Poissy
│ │
│ ├─>Jeanne (1312–1402)
│ │ X
Guigues VII de Forez (1299–1357)
│ │
│ ├─>Marguerite (1313–1362)
│ │ X 1)Jean II de Sully (+1343)
│ │ X 2)Hutin de Vermeilles
│ │
│ ├─>Marie (1315–1387)
│ │ X 1) Guy de Lusignan (1315–1343)
│ │ X 2)
Robert de Tarente (+1364)
│ │
│ ├─>Philippe (1316–c.1233)
│ │
│ ├─>Jacques (1318–1318)
│ │
Maison de Bourbon-La Marche
│ ├─>
Jacques
Ancient and noble French family names, Jacques, Jacq, or James are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over ...
(1319–1362), Count of la Marche and Count of Ponthieu
│ │ X Jeanne de Chatillon, dame de Condé et Carency(1320–1371)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Isabelle (1340–1371)
│ │ │ X 1) Louis II de Brienne, vicomte de Beaumont (+1364)
│ │ │ X
Bouchard VII, Count of Vendôme (+1371)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Pierre de la Marche (1342–1362)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>
Jean de Bourbon (1344–1393),
comte de Vendôme et de la Marche
│ │ │ x
Catherine of Vendôme
Catherine de Vendôme (1354 – 1 April 1412) was a ruling countess of Vendôme and of Castres from 1372 until 1403.
Life
She was the daughter of John VI of Vendôme and Jeanne of Ponthieu. She married John I, Count of La Marche, in 1364.
In 13 ...
(+1412)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>
Jacques II (1370–1438), comte de La Marche
│ │ │ │ x 1)
Béatrice d'Évreux
│ │ │ │ x 2)
Joanna II of Naples
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├1>Isabelle (1408–c. 1445), nonne à Besançon
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├1>Marie (1410–c. 1445), nonne à Amiens
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └1>
Eléonore de Bourbon (1412–c.1464)
│ │ │ │ │ x
Bernard d'Armagnac (+1462)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └i>Claude d'Aix, moine à Dole
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Anne (+1408)
│ │ │ │ X 1)
Jean II de Berry (+1401), comte de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ X 2) Louis VII (+1447), duc de Bavière-Ingolstadt
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Isabelle (1373–), nonne à Poissy
│ │ │ │
Maison de Bourbon-Vendôme
│ │ │ ├─>
Louis de Bourbon Louis de Bourbon may refer to:
* Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (1279 – 1342), Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and La Marche, and the first Duke of Bourbon
* Louis II, Duke of Bourbon, called the Good (1337 – 1410), third Duke of Bourbon
* Louis de ...
(1376–1446), comte de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ X 1) Blanche de Roucy (+1421)
│ │ │ │ X 2) Jeanne de Laval (1406–1468)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Catherine (1425–jeune)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Gabrielle (1426–jeune)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └2>
Jean VIII de Bourbon (1428–1478), comte de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ │ X Isabelle de Beauvau
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne, dame de Rochefort (1460–1487)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Louis de Joyeuse, comte de Grandpre (+1498)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Catherine (1462–)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Gilbert de Chabannes, baron de Rochefort
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Jeanne (1465–1511)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 1)
Jean II de Bourbon (+1488)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Jean de la Tour, comte d'Auvergne et de Boulogne (1467–1501)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 3) François de la Pause, baron de la Garde
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Renée (1468–1534), abbess of
Fontevraud
Fontevraud-l'Abbaye () is a commune in the western French department of Maine-et-Loire. It is situated both in the Loire Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an interna ...
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>
François de Bourbon (1470–1495), comte de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ │ │ X
Marie of Luxembourg
Marie of Luxembourg (1304 – 26 March 1324) was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Charles IV and I.
She was the daughter of Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor and Margaret of Brabant. Her two siblings were John of Luxembou ...
(+1546)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Charles IV, Duke of Bourbon (1489–1537), duc de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ x
Françoise d'Alençon
Françoise d'Alençon (1490 – 14 September 1550) was the eldest daughter of René of Alençon and Margaret of Lorraine, and the younger sister and despoiled heiress of Charles IV, Duke of Alençon.
The sister and heiress of Charles IV of ...
(1491–1550)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis (1514–1516), comte de Marle
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marie (1515–1538)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Antoine of Navarre
Antoine de Bourbon, roi de Navarre (22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562) was the King of Navarre through his marriage ('' jure uxoris'') to Queen Jeanne III, from 1555 until his death. He was the first monarch of the House of Bourbon, of which he ...
(1518–1562), duc de Vendôme
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ x
Jeanne III d'Albret (1529–1572), reine de Navarre
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Henri (1551–1553), duc de Beaumont
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Kings of France
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Henri IV of France
Henry IV (french: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarc ...
(1553–1610)/Henri III de Navarre
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>
Bourbon dynasty
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis, comte de Marle (1555–1557)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Madeleine (1556–1556)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Catherine (1559–1604)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X
Henry II de Lorraine
Henry may refer to:
People
* Henry (given name)
* Henry (surname)
* Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry
Royalty
* Portuguese royalty
** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal
** Henry, Count of Portuga ...
(1563–1624)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├i>
Charles (1554–1610), Archbishop of Rouen
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Jacquinne d'Artigulouve
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X N de Navailles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite (1516–1589)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Francois I de Clèves, duc de Nevers (+1561)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Madeleine (1521–1561), abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François, comte d'Enghien (1519–1546)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis (1522–1525)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Charles (1523–1590), cardinal, Archbishop of Rouen
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Poullain
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Catherine, abbesse (1525–1594)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jean (1528–1557), comte de Soissons et d'Enghien, duc d'Estouteville
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Marie (1539–1601), duchesse d'Estouteville
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>N de Valency (+1562)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Renée, abbesse de Chelles (1527–1583)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Maison de Bourbon-Condé
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
(1530–1569), prince de Condé
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>''
House of Condé
A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry, concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and heating, ventilation, and air condi ...
''
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Eléonore, abbess of
Fontevraud
Fontevraud-l'Abbaye () is a commune in the western French department of Maine-et-Loire. It is situated both in the Loire Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an interna ...
(1532–1611)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Nicolas Charles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne de Bordeix et de Ramers
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jacques
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Michel Charles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Nicolas
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Christophe
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Jeanne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jacques (1490–1491)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François I (1491–1545), comte de Saint-Pol, duc d'Estouteville
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Adrienne, duchesse d'Estouteville (1512–1560)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François II (1536–1546), duc d'Estouteville
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Marie, duchesse d'Estouteville, (1539–1601)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Jean de Bourbon, comte de Soissons
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) François de Clèves, duc de Nevers (+1562)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 3) Léonor, duc de Longueville (1540–1573)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis (1493–1557), cardinal, archevêque de Sens
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Antoinette (1493–1583)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X
Claude, Duke of Guise
Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise (20 October 1496 – 12 April 1550) was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528.
He was a highly effective general for the French crown. His children and grandchildren were to ...
(1496–1550)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Louise (1495–1575), abbess of
Fontevraud
Fontevraud-l'Abbaye () is a commune in the western French department of Maine-et-Loire. It is situated both in the Loire Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an interna ...
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Jacques (1495–)
│ │ │ │ │ │
Maison de Bourbon-Montpensier (ducs)
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
(1473–1520), prince of La Roche-sur-Yon
│ │ │ │ │ │ X
Louise de Montpensier (1482–1561)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Suzanne (1508–1570)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Claude de Rieux, comte d'Harcourt et d'Aumale (+1532)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>
Louis Louis may refer to:
* Louis (coin)
* Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name
* Louis (surname)
* Louis (singer), Serbian singer
* HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy
See also
Derived or associated terms
* Lewis ( ...
(1513–1582), Duke of Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Jacqueline de Longwy (+1561)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Catherine de Lorraine (1552–1596)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├1>Françoise (1539–1587)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X
Henri-Robert de La Marck, duke of Bouillon, prince of Sedan (+1574)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├1>Anne (1540–1572)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X François de Clèves, duc de Nevers (+1562)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne (1541–1620), abbesse de Jouarre
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├1>
François
François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis.
People with the given name
* Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters"
* Francis II of France, Kin ...
(1542–1592), duc de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Renée (1550–1590), marquise de Mezieres
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>
Henri (1573–1608), duc de Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Henriette-Catherine (1585–1656), duchesse de Joyeuse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>
Marie
Marie may refer to:
People Name
* Marie (given name)
* Marie (Japanese given name)
* Marie (murder victim), girl who was killed in Florida after being pushed in front of a moving vehicle in 1973
* Marie (died 1759), an enslaved Cree person in Tr ...
(1605–1627), Duchess of Montpensier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ x
Gaston de France
Gaston is a masculine given name of French origin and a surname. The name "Gaston" may refer to:
People
First name
*Gaston I, Count of Foix (1287–1315)
* Gaston II, Count of Foix (1308–1343)
*Gaston III, Count of Foix (1331–1391)
*Gaston ...
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charlotte (1547–1582)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Guillaume de Orange-Nassau (+1584)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Louise (1548–1586), abbesse de Faremoutier
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Charles (1515–1565), prince de la Roche sur Yon
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Philippe de Montespedon, dame de Beaupreau (+1578)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Henri, marquis de Beaupreau (154?–1560)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Jeanne (1547–1548)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Louis dit Helvis, évêque de Langres (+1565)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charlotte (1474–1520)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Engelbert de Clèves, comte de Nevers (+1506)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └─>Isabelle (1475–1531), abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├i>Jacques de Vendôme (1455–1524), baron de Ligny
│ │ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne, dame de Rubempré
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Claude de Bourbon-Vendôme (1514–1595)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Antoinette de Bours, vicomtesse de Lambercourt (+1585)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Antoine (+1594), vicomte de Lambercourt
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Claude (+1620), vicomtesse de Lambercourt
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean, seigneur de Rambures
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Anne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Claude de Crequi, seigneur d'Hemond
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └i>Jacques (+1632), seigneur de Ligny et de Courcelles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Marie de Bommy
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Louise de Gouy
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François Claude (+1658)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Louise de Belleval
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>François, seigneur de Bretencourt
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jacqueline Tillette d'Achery
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>une fille mariée à un seigneur des Lyons
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>une fille mariée à un Fortel des Essarts
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles, seigneur de Brétencourt
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Jacques de Monchy, seigneur d'Amerval (+1640)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Antoine de Postel, seigneur de la Grange
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marie Gabrielle (+1629)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Antoinette
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Alexandre de Touzin
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>André, seigneur de Rubempré
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Anne de Busserade
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Anne de Roncherolles
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jean (+jeune)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles, seigneur de Rubempré (+1595)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Louis, seigneur de Rubempré (1574–1598)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Marguerite, dame de Rubempré
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean de Monchy, seigneur de Montcavrel
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Madeleine
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean, seigneur de Gonnelieu
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne Marie, abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Marguerite, nonne
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jean (+1571), abbé de Cuisey
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jacques, moine
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Catherine (+1530)
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ X Jean d'Estrées, seigneur de Cœuvres
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─>Jeanne, abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ └─>Madeleine (+ 1588), abbesse
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └i>Louis de Vendôme (+1510), évêque d'Avranches
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └i>Jean de Vendôme, seigneur de Preaux (1420–1496)
│ │ │ │ X 1) Jeanne d'Illiers
│ │ │ │ X 2) Gillette Perdrielle
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Jean, prêtre
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>François (+1540), prêtre
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Jacques
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Mathurine
│ │ │ │ │ X Pierre de Montigny, seigneur de la Boisse
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Louise
│ │ │ │ │ X Jean, seigneur des Loges
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └─>Marie
│ │ │ │ X 1) seigneur de La Velette en Limousin
│ │ │ │ X 2) Jacques de Gaudebert, seigneur des Forges
│ │ │ │
Maison de Bourbon-Carency
│ │ │ ├─>Jean (1378–1457), seigneur de Carency
│ │ │ │ X 1) Catherine d'Artois (1397–1420)
│ │ │ │ X 2) Jeanne de Vendomois
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Louis(1417–1457)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Jean (1418–)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Jeanne (1419–)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Catherine (1421–)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Pierre (1424–1481), seigneur de Carency
│ │ │ │ │ X Philipotte de Plaines
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Jacques (1425–1494), seigneur de Carency
│ │ │ │ │ X Antoinette de la Tour (+1450)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├─>Charles, prince de Carency (1444–1504)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 1) Didere de Vergy
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 2) Antoinette de Chabannes (+1490)
│ │ │ │ │ │ X 3) Catherine de Tourzel
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├3>Bertrand, prince de Carency (1494–1515)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├3>Jean (1500–1520), prince de Carency
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ ├3>Louise, princesse de Carency
│ │ │ │ │ │ X François de Perusse des Cars (+1550)
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ └3>Jean (1446–), seigneur de Rochefort
│ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne de Lille
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Eleonore (1426–)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├2>Andriette (1427–)
│ │ │ │ │
Maison de Bourbon-Duisant
│ │ │ │ └2>Philippe, seigneur de Duisant (1429–1492)
│ │ │ │ X Catherine de Lalaing (+1475)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Antoine, seigneur de Duisant
│ │ │ │ │ X Jeanne de Habart
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Pierre
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├─>Philippe II, seigneur de Duisant (+1530)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └─>Jeanne de Bourbon Duisant
│ │ │ │ X François Rolin, seigneur d'Aymerie
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├─>Marie, dame de Bréthencourt ((1386)
│ │ │ │ X Jean de Baynes, seigneur des Croix
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─>
Charlotte
Charlotte ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located in the Piedmont region, it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County. The population was 874,579 at the 2020 census, making Charlotte the 16th-most populo ...
(1388–1422)
│ │ │ │ X
Janus of Cyprus
Janus (1375 – 29 June 1432) was King of Cyprus and titular King of Armenian Cilicia and Jerusalem from 1398 to 1432.
Early life
Janus was born in Genoa, where his father, James I of Cyprus, was a captive. His mother, Helvis of Brunswick ...
(1378–1432)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └i>Jean, batard de la Marche–1435
│ │ │
Maison de Bourbon-Preaux
│ │ └─>Jacques, seigneur de Preaux (1346–1417)
│ │ X Marguerite de Preaux (+1417)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Louis, seigneur de Preaux (1389–1415)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Pierre, seigneur de Preaux (1390–1422)
│ │ │Elizabeth de Montagu (1397–1429)
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Jacques II, seigneur de Preaux, baron de Thury (1391–1429)
│ │ │ X Jeanne de Montagu
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Charles, seigneur de Combles
│ │ │
│ │ ├─>Jean (1394–)
│ │ │
│ │ └─>Marie, dame de Preaux (1387–1442)
│ │
│ └─>Béatrice (1320–1383)
│ │ X 1)
Jean de Luxembourg (+1346), king of Bohemia
│ │ X 2) Eudes II de Grancey (+1389)
│ │
│ ├i>Jean, batard de Bourbon (+1375)
│ │ X 2) Laure de Bordeaux
│ │ X 3) Agnes de Chaleu
│ │ │
│ │ └─>Gérard de Bourbon
│ │
│ ├i>Jeannette
│ │ X Guichard de Chastellux
│ │
│ └i>Guy de Bourbon, seigneur de Cluys
│ X 2) Jeanne de Chastel-Perron
│ │
│ └─>Gérard de Bourbon, seigneur de Clessy
│ X 1) Jeanne de Chastillon
│ X 2) Alix de Bourbon-Montperoux
│ │
│ └─>Isabelle, Dame de Clessy
│ X 1) Bernard de Montaigu-Listenois
│ X 2) Guillaume de Mello, seigneur d'Epoisses
│
├─>Blanche (1281–1304)
│ X
Robert VII, Count of Auvergne (+1325)
│
├─>Jean (1283–1316), baron de Charolais
│ X Jeanne d'Argies
│ │
│ ├─>Béatrice (1310–1364), dame de Charolais
│ │ X
Jean d'Armagnac (+1373)
│ │
│ └─>Jeanne (1312–1383)
│ X
John I, Count of Auvergne (+1386)
│
├─>Pierre (1287–c.1330) prêtre
│
├─>Marie(1285–1372), prieure de Poissy
│
└─>Marguerite (1289–1309)
X Jean (1267–1330), margrave of Namur
Family trees
Simplified family trees showing the relationships between the Bourbons and the other branches of the Royal House of France.
See also
*
Armorial of the Capetian dynasty
Most of the members of the Capetian dynasty bore a version of the arms of France. The arms of France were adopted by the Capetian kings only in the twelfth century. Consequently, the cadet branches that had branched off in earlier periods (Burgund ...
*
Members of the House of Bourbon
*
Bourbon County, Kentucky
Bourbon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,252. Its county seat is Paris. Bourbon County is part of the Lexington–Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of Ken ...
, USA, named after the royal family
*
Bourbonnais
Bourbonnais () was a historic province in the centre of France that corresponds to the modern ''département'' of Allier, along with part of the ''département'' of Cher. Its capital was Moulins.
History
The title of the ruler of Bourbonnais ...
*
Bourbons of India
The Bourbons of India (french: Bourbons des Indes) are an Indian family who claim to be legitimate heirs of the House of Bourbon, descended from Jean Philippe de Bourbon, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, an exiled French noble who served i ...
*
Balthazar Napoleon IV de Bourbon
Balthazar Napoleon IV de Bourbon (born 29 July 1958) claims to be the senior descendant of the House of Bourbon and thus the pretender to the throne of the defunct Kingdom of France. His family, the " Bourbons of India", claim to be legitimate de ...
of India.
*
List of heirs to the French throne
The following is a list of the heirs to the throne'' of the Kingdom of France, that is, those who were legally next in line to assume the throne upon the death of the King.
From 987 to 1792, all heirs to the French throne were male-line descen ...
*
French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion is the term which is used in reference to a period of civil war between French Catholics and Protestants, commonly called Huguenots, which lasted from 1562 to 1598. According to estimates, between two and four mi ...
*
:File:Habsburg-bourbon-parma-2siciliesX.png: A chart of the dynastic links among the royal houses of Habsburg, Bourbon, Bourbon-Parma and Bourbon-Two Sicilies
*
Le Retour des Princes français à Paris
"Le Retour des Princes français à Paris" ("The return of the French Princes to Paris") was the ''de facto'' national anthem of France during the Bourbon Restoration. It used the melody of the then popular marching tune '' Vive Henri IV''.
Lyr ...
*
Legitimists
The Legitimists (french: Légitimistes) are royalists who adhere to the rights of dynastic succession to the French crown of the descendants of the eldest branch of the Bourbon dynasty, which was overthrown in the 1830 July Revolution. They r ...
*
List of Spanish monarchs
This is a list of Spanish monarchs, that is, rulers of the country of Spain. The forerunners of the monarchs of the Spanish throne were the following:
* Kings of the Visigoths
* Kings of Asturias
*Kings of Navarre
* Kings of León
* Kings of ...
*
List of monarchs of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, until the fusion into the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
History
Joachim Murat was the first king to rule a kingdom called "Two Sicilies" by the Edict of Bayonne, in 1808. Though ...
Notes
References
Further reading
* Bergamini, John D. ''The Spanish Bourbons: The History of a Tenacious Dynasty''. Putnam, 1974.
*
* Ogg, David. ''Europe in the Seventeenth Century'' (6th ed. 1965). pp 227–80
* Petrie, Sir Charles. ''The Spanish Royal House''. Geoffrey Bles, 1958.
* Seward, Desmond. ''The Bourbon Kings of France''. Barnes & Noble, 1976.
*
Shennan, J. H. ''The Bourbons: The History of a Dynasty'' (London, Hambledon Continuum, 2007).
* Treasure, G.R.R. ''Seventeenth Century France'' (2nd ed. 1981), a leading scholarly survey
* Treasure, G.R.R. ''Louis XIV'' (2001) short scholarly biography
excerpt*Wolf, John B. ''Louis XIV'' (1968), a long scholarly biograph
online edition
Other languages
* Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick. ''La Maison de Bourbon, 1256–1987''. ___v. Villeneuve d'Ascq, France: The Author, 1987–2000.
nly Vol. 2 & Vol. 4 have been published as of 2005
* Klaus Malettke, ''Die Bourbonen. Band I: Von Heinrich IV. bis Ludwig XV. 1589–1715'' (Stuttgart,
Kohlhammer Verlag
W. Kohlhammer Verlag GmbH, or Kohlhammer Verlag, is a German publishing house headquartered in Stuttgart.
History
Kohlhammer Verlag was founded in Stuttgart on 30 April 1866 by . Kohlhammer had taken over the businesses of his late father-in-l ...
, 2008); ''Band II: Von Ludwig XV. bis Ludwig XVI. 1715-1789/92'' (Stuttgart, W. Kohlhammer, 2008); ''Band III: Von Ludwig XVIII. bis zu Louis Philippe 1814–1848'' (Stuttgart, W. Kohlhammer, 2009).
External links
Bourbon-Bhopal, The Royal "House of Bourbon" in IndiaOfficial Website
*
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, -
, -
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bourbon, House Of
House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
French noble families
Spanish royalty
Roman Catholic families
House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
Ruling families of the County of Flanders
Royal houses of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Ruling families of the Duchy of Brabant
Aragonese royal houses
Navarrese royal houses