''Botrylloides'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
ascidian tunicate
A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata (). It is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time ca ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Styelidae
Styelidae is a family of ascidian tunicates.Lambert, G.; Gittenberger, A.; Sanamyan, K. (2015)Styelidae Sluiter, 1895.In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World ...
.
Description
Like ''
Botryllus
''Botryllus'' is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species
Species in this genus include:
* '' Botryllus arenaceus'' Monniot, 1988
* '' Botryllus aster'' Monniot, 1991
* '' Botryllus closionis'' Monniot, Monniot ...
'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls,
horseshoe crabs,
seaweeds, and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are considered to be invasive Ascidians, found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, ''
Didemnum
''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...
'' sp., and ''
Styela clava
''Styela clava'' is a solitary, subtidal ascidian tunicate. It has a variety of common names such as the stalked sea squirt, clubbed tunicate, Asian tunicate, leathery sea squirt, or rough sea squirt. As its common names suggest, ''S. clava'' is ...
'' are a problem for
shellfish
Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater envir ...
and other
marine life
Marine life, sea life, or ocean life is the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of seas or oceans, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. At a fundamental level, marine life affects the nature of the planet. M ...
populations, and cause
fouling
Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces. The fouling materials can consist of either living organisms (biofouling) or a non-living substance (inorganic or organic). Fouling is usually distinguished from other surf ...
of boats and piers.
Species within the genus ''Botrylloides'' include:
[Sanamyan, K. (2015)]
''Botrylloides'' Milne Edwards, 1841 .
In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
* ''
Botrylloides anceps''
(Herdman, 1891)
* ''
Botrylloides aureum''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''
Botrylloides chevalense''
Herdman, 1906
* ''
Botrylloides diegensis''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''
Botrylloides fuscus''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides giganteum''
(PÈrËs, 1949)
* ''
Botrylloides israeliense''
Brunetti, 2009
* ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''
Botrylloides lenis''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides lentus''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides magnicoecum''
(Hartmeyer, 1912)
* ''
Botrylloides nigrum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''
Botrylloides perspicuus''
(Herdman, 1886)
* ''
Botrylloides pizoni''
Brunetti & Mastrototaro, 2012
* ''
Botrylloides saccus''
Kott, 2003
* ''
Botrylloides simodensis''
Saito & Watanabe, 1981
* ''
Botrylloides superbum''
(Drasche, 1883)
* ''
Botrylloides tyreum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''
Botrylloides violaceus
''Botrylloides violaceus'' is a colonial ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. ...
''
Oka, 1927
Species names currently considered to be synonyms:
* ''Botrylloides albicans''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides aurantium''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botryllus aurantius''
(Oka, 1927)
* ''Botrylloides aurea''
Sars, 1851: synonym of ''
Botrylloides aureum''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''Botrylloides boloniense''
Giard, 1875: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides carnosum''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus
''Botrylloides violaceus'' is a colonial ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. ...
''
Oka, 1927
* ''Botrylloides chazaliei''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botrylloides nigrum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''Botrylloides clavelina''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides cyanescens''
Giard, 1888: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides diegense''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917: synonym of ''
Botrylloides diegensis''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''Botrylloides eligulatum''
Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of ''
Botryllus tuberatus''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''Botrylloides fulgurale''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides gregalis''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus gregalis''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides insigne''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides lateritium''
Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus
''Botrylloides violaceus'' is a colonial ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. ...
''
Oka, 1927
* ''Botrylloides leachi''
(Savigny, 1816): synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides leptum''
Herdman, 1899: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides maeandrium''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides maeandrius''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides magnicoecus''
Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides magnicoecum''
(Hartmeyer, 1912)
* ''Botrylloides magnum''
(Ritter, 1901): synonym of ''
Botryllus magnus''
Ritter, 1901
* ''Botrylloides magnus''
: synonym of ''
Botryllus magnus''
Ritter, 1901
* ''Botrylloides meandrinum''
Sluiter: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides namei''
(Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928): synonym of ''
Botryllus planus''
(Van Name, 1902)
* ''Botrylloides niger''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides nigrum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''Botrylloides parvulum''
Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides parvulus''
Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides perspicuum''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides perspicuus''
(Herdman, 1886)
* ''Botrylloides planus''
: synonym of ''
Botryllus planus''
(Van Name, 1902)
* ''Botrylloides prostratum''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides purpureum''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides pusilla''
Alder, 1863: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides radiata''
Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides ramulosa''
Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rotifera''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rubrum''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rugosum''
Gottschaldt, 1894: synonym of ''
Botrylloides aureum''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''Botrylloides sparsa''
Alder, 1863: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides translucidum''
Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides vinosa''
Alder & Hancock, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides violaceum''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus
''Botrylloides violaceus'' is a colonial ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. ...
''
Oka, 1927
References
External links
* http://www.exoticsguide.org/species_pages/b_violaceus.html
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4948808
Stolidobranchia
Tunicate genera
Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards