''Botrylloides'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer "tunic" ...
tunicate
A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata (). It is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time ca ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Styelidae.
Description
Like ''
Botryllus
''Botryllus'' is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species
Species in this genus include:
* '' Botryllus arenaceus'' Monniot, 1988
* '' Botryllus aster'' Monniot, 1991
* '' Botryllus closionis'' Monniot, Monniot, ...
'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls,
horseshoe crabs
Horseshoe crabs are marine and brackish water arthropods of the family Limulidae and the only living members of the order Xiphosura. Despite their name, they are not true crabs or crustaceans: they are chelicerates, most closely related to arachn ...
,
seaweeds
Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of '' Rhodophyta'' (red), ''Phaeophyta'' (brown) and ''Chlorophyta'' (green) macroalgae. Seaweed species such as ...
, and any still or slow-moving object in saltwater. Also both are considered to be invasive Ascidians, found in many ports around the world. Invasive tunicates such as these, ''
Didemnum
''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...
'' sp., and ''
Styela clava
''Styela clava'' is a solitary, subtidal ascidian tunicate. It has a variety of common names such as the stalked sea squirt, clubbed tunicate, Asian tunicate, leathery sea squirt, or rough sea squirt. As its common names suggest, ''S. clava'' is ...
'' are a problem for
shellfish
Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater envir ...
and other
marine life
Marine life, sea life, or ocean life is the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of seas or oceans, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. At a fundamental level, marine life affects the nature of the planet. M ...
populations, and cause
fouling
Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces. The fouling materials can consist of either living organisms (biofouling) or a non-living substance (inorganic or organic). Fouling is usually distinguished from other surf ...
of boats and piers.
Species within the genus ''Botrylloides'' include:
[Sanamyan, K. (2015)]
''Botrylloides'' Milne Edwards, 1841 .
In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
* ''
Botrylloides anceps
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(Herdman, 1891)
* ''
Botrylloides aureum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''
Botrylloides chevalense
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Herdman, 1906
* ''
Botrylloides diegensis
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''
Botrylloides fuscus''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides giganteum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(PÈrËs, 1949)
* ''
Botrylloides israeliense
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Brunetti, 2009
* ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''
Botrylloides lenis
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides lentus
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Saito & Watanabe, 1985
* ''
Botrylloides magnicoecum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(Hartmeyer, 1912)
* ''
Botrylloides nigrum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Herdman, 1886
* ''
Botrylloides perspicuus
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(Herdman, 1886)
* ''
Botrylloides pizoni
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Brunetti & Mastrototaro, 2012
* ''
Botrylloides saccus''
Kott, 2003
* ''
Botrylloides simodensis''
Saito & Watanabe, 1981
* ''
Botrylloides superbum''
(Drasche, 1883)
* ''
Botrylloides tyreum''
Herdman, 1886
* ''
Botrylloides violaceus
''Botrylloides violaceus'' is a colonial ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. ...
''
Oka, 1927
Species names currently considered to be synonyms:
* ''Botrylloides albicans''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides aurantium''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botryllus aurantius''
(Oka, 1927)
* ''Botrylloides aurea''
Sars, 1851: synonym of ''
Botrylloides aureum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''Botrylloides boloniense''
Giard, 1875: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides carnosum''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus
''Botrylloides violaceus'' is a colonial ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. ...
''
Oka, 1927
* ''Botrylloides chazaliei''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botrylloides nigrum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Herdman, 1886
* ''Botrylloides clavelina''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides cyanescens''
Giard, 1888: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides diegense''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917: synonym of ''
Botrylloides diegensis
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''Botrylloides eligulatum''
Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of ''
Botryllus tuberatus''
Ritter & Forsyth, 1917
* ''Botrylloides fulgurale''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides gregalis''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus gregalis''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides insigne''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides lateritium''
Beniaminson, 1975: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus
''Botrylloides violaceus'' is a colonial ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. ...
''
Oka, 1927
* ''Botrylloides leachi''
(Savigny, 1816): synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides leptum''
Herdman, 1899: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides maeandrium''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides maeandrius''
Sluiter, 1898: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides magnicoecus''
Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides magnicoecum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(Hartmeyer, 1912)
* ''Botrylloides magnum''
(Ritter, 1901): synonym of ''
Botryllus magnus
''Botryllus'' is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species
Species in this genus include:
* '' Botryllus arenaceus'' Monniot, 1988
* '' Botryllus aster'' Monniot, 1991
* '' Botryllus closionis'' Monniot, Monniot, ...
''
Ritter, 1901
* ''Botrylloides magnus''
: synonym of ''
Botryllus magnus
''Botryllus'' is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species
Species in this genus include:
* '' Botryllus arenaceus'' Monniot, 1988
* '' Botryllus aster'' Monniot, 1991
* '' Botryllus closionis'' Monniot, Monniot, ...
''
Ritter, 1901
* ''Botrylloides meandrinum''
Sluiter: synonym of ''
Botryllus maeandrius''
(Sluiter, 1898)
* ''Botrylloides namei''
(Hartmeyer & Michaelsen, 1928): synonym of ''
Botryllus planus
''Botryllus'' is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species
Species in this genus include:
* '' Botryllus arenaceus'' Monniot, 1988
* '' Botryllus aster'' Monniot, 1991
* '' Botryllus closionis'' Monniot, Monniot, ...
''
(Van Name, 1902)
* ''Botrylloides niger''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides nigrum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
Herdman, 1886
* ''Botrylloides parvulum''
Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides parvulus''
Huitfeld-Kaas, 1896: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides perspicuum''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides perspicuus
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(Herdman, 1886)
* ''Botrylloides planus''
: synonym of ''
Botryllus planus
''Botryllus'' is a genus of colonial ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Species
Species in this genus include:
* '' Botryllus arenaceus'' Monniot, 1988
* '' Botryllus aster'' Monniot, 1991
* '' Botryllus closionis'' Monniot, Monniot, ...
''
(Van Name, 1902)
* ''Botrylloides prostratum''
Giard, 1872: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides purpureum''
Herdman, 1886: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides pusilla''
Alder, 1863: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides radiata''
Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides ramulosa''
Alder & Hancock, 1848: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rotifera''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rubrum''
Milne Edwards, 1841: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides rugosum''
Gottschaldt, 1894: synonym of ''
Botrylloides aureum
''Botrylloides'' is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.
Description
Like ''Botryllus'', ''Botrylloides'' are flat sheets of organisms which can be found covering ropes, boat hulls, horseshoe crabs, seaweeds, and any still or s ...
''
(Sars, 1851)
* ''Botrylloides sparsa''
Alder, 1863: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides translucidum''
Hartmeyer, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides vinosa''
Alder & Hancock, 1912: synonym of ''
Botrylloides leachii''
(Savigny, 1816)
* ''Botrylloides violaceum''
Oka, 1927: synonym of ''
Botrylloides violaceus
''Botrylloides violaceus'' is a colonial ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians, tunicates (in part), and sea squirts (in part), is a polyphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. ...
''
Oka, 1927
References
External links
* http://www.exoticsguide.org/species_pages/b_violaceus.html
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4948808
Stolidobranchia
Tunicate genera
Taxa named by Henri Milne-Edwards