''Bothriochloa'' is a common and widespread

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of plants in the grass family native to many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. They are often called beardgrass, bluegrass or bluestem. The

etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

of the genus name ''Bothriochloa'' derives from the two

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

words (), meaning "small pit or trench", and or (), meaning "new green shoot or blade of grass".Ellen Dorn, Native Plants of Arizona 2004, ''Bothriochloa barbinodis'' (Lag.) Herter
/ref>
Shahid Nawaz
an agrostologist at the Blatter Herbarium, collected an interesting specimens of ''Bothriochloa'' from Gooty Fort Hill, Andhra Pradesh, India in December 2019. The specimens were identified and confirmed as ''Bothriochloa ewartiana'' (Domin) C. E. Hubb. based on literature study and international correspondence with experts from Australia, Indonesia and Americas. This study adds an extended and disjunct distribution of a Far Eastern species in Asia from India.

Systematics

Species list

The following species are recognised: * '' Bothriochloa alta'' (Hitchc.) Henrard – tall beardgrass –

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

from

New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ke ...

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

* '' Bothriochloa barbinodis'' (Lag.) Herter– cane bluestem – USA ( CO MO OK AZ CA NV UT TX NM FL SC),

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

, El Salvador,

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...

(from Colombia to

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

) * '' Bothriochloa biloba'' S.T.Blake –

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , establishe ...

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

* '' Bothriochloa bladhii'' (Retz.) S.T.Blake – Asia (

Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (country), Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range ...

to Japan to Maluku), Australia,

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

* '' Bothriochloa bunyensis'' B.K.Simon –

* '' Bothriochloa campii'' (Swallen) De Wet –

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ' ...

* '' Bothriochloa compressa'' (Hook.f.) Henrard –

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

, Lesser Sunda Islands * '' Bothriochloa decipiens'' (Hack.) C.E.Hubb. – Australia * '' Bothriochloa edwardsiana'' (Gould) Parodi –

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( es, República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast; while bordering ...

* '' Bothriochloa ensiformis'' (Hook.f.) Henrard –

* '' Bothriochloa erianthoides'' (F.Muell.) C.E.Hubb. –

* '' Bothriochloa eurylemma'' M.Marchi & Longhi – Wagner –

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

( Mato Grosso do Sul),

( Entre Ríos, Chaco, Formosa, Tucumán,

Salta Salta () is the capital and largest city in the Argentine province of the same name. With a population of 618,375 according to the 2010 census, it is also the 7th most-populous city in Argentina. The city serves as the cultural and economic ce ...

) * '' Bothriochloa ewartiana'' (Domin) C.E.Hubb. – Australia,

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

, Lesser Sunda Islands,

Andhra Pradesh, India Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a States and union territories of India, state in the south-eastern Coastal India, coastal region of India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, seventh-largest state by area covering ...

* '' Bothriochloa exaristata'' (Nash) Henrard – awnless beardgrass – southern

, northern

, Bolivia,

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...

, USA ( TX LA) * '' Bothriochloa grahamii'' (Haines) Bor –

* '' Bothriochloa hirtifolia'' (J.Presl) Henrard –

, Guatemala * '' Bothriochloa hybrida'' (Gould) Gould – USA ( TX LA),

(from Chihuahua to

Oaxaca Oaxaca ( , also , , from nci, Huāxyacac ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca), is one of the 32 states that compose the political divisions of Mexico, Federative Entities of Mexico. It is ...

) * '' Bothriochloa imperatoides'' (Lillo) Herter – Rio Grande do Sul, northern

* '' Bothriochloa insculpta'' (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) A.Camus – sweetpitted grass –

, Arabian Peninsula,

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...

* '' Bothriochloa ischaemum'' (L.) Keng – yellow bluestem –

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

from

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

+ Canary Islands to

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

* '' Bothriochloa kuntzeana'' (Hack.) Henrard –

Nepal Nepal (; ne, :ne:नेपाल, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in S ...

* '' Bothriochloa laguroides'' (DC.) Herter – silver bluestem –

from

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

* '' Bothriochloa longifolia'' (Hack.) Bor –

* '' Bothriochloa longipaniculata'' (Gould) Allred & Gould – longspike beardgrass –

( Mato Grosso do Sul,

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina),

(

Corrientes Corrientes (; Guaraní: Taragüí, literally: "Currents") is the capital city of the province of Corrientes, Argentina, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, about from Buenos Aires and from Posadas, on National Route 12. It ha ...

, Chaco, Formosa,

Misiones Misiones (, ''Missions'') is one of the 23 provinces of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia region. It is surrounded by Paraguay to the northwest, Brazil to the north, east and south, and Corrientes P ...

, Guatemala,

, USA ( TX LA MS) * '' Bothriochloa macra'' (Steud.) S.T.Blake – red – leg grass, red grass, redleg or pitted beard grass – Australia * '' Bothriochloa meridionalis'' M.Marchi & Longhi – Wagner –

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

, Colombia,

, Rio Grande do Sul * '' Bothriochloa modesta'' (Backer) Backer & Henrard –

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...

, Lesser Sunda Islands * ''

Bothriochloa pertusa ''Bothriochloa pertusa'' is a species of grass. It is widely used as a fodder and a graze for livestock. Common names for the plant include hurricane grass, Indian couch grass, Indian-bluegrass, pitted bluestem, Seymour grass, Barbados sourgr ...

'' (L.) A.Camus – pitted beardgrass – China,

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...

, Australia, islands of

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by t ...

+ western

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the contine ...

* '' Bothriochloa pseudischaemum'' (Nees ex Steud.) Henrard –

, Sri Lanka * '' Bothriochloa radicans'' (Lehm.) A.Camus – eastern + southern

, Arabian Peninsula * '' Bothriochloa saccharoides'' Rydb. – Americas from

Utah Utah ( , ) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. Utah is a landlocked U.S. state bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to it ...

* '' Bothriochloa springfieldii'' (Gould) Parodi – USA ( CO AZ UT TX NM LA),

, Bolivia,

* '' Bothriochloa torreyana '' (Steud.) Scrivanti & Anton – southern USA (from CA to SC),

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

* '' Bothriochloa velutina'' M.Marchi & Longhi – Wagner – Paraná, Santa Catarina * '' Bothriochloa woodrovii'' (Hook.f.) A.Camus –

* '' Bothriochloa wrightii'' (Hack.) Henrard –

, USA ( TX NM AZ)

Former taxa

See '' Capillipedium'', '' Dichanthium'', '' Euclasta'', '' Hemisorghum'' and '' Pseudosorghum''. The following taxa were formerly included in the genus:

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2023663 Poaceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Systematics

Species list

Former taxa

See also

References