''Bostrycapulus'', commonly known as the spiny slipper snails, is a genus of

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusks in the family

Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141 o ...

, the slipper snails, cup-and-saucer snails and hat snails. Before 2005, the snails in this genus were all thought to belong to one species, which was known as '' Crepidula aculeata'', the spiny slipper snail.Collin R. (2005). "Development, phylogeny, and taxonomy of'' Bostrycapulus'' (Caenogastropoda: Calyptraeidae), an ancient cryptic radiation". '' Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 144(1): 75-101. . However, morphological and DNA sequence data show that the spiny slipper snails are a monophyletic group that is more closely related to '' Crepipatella'' than it is to ''

Crepidula ''Crepidula'', commonly known as the slipper snails, slipper limpets, or slipper shells, is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae. This family includes the slipper snails (''Crepidula''), hat ...

''.

Taxonomy

Taxonomic history

All of the species within the genus'' Bostrycapulus'' were previously assigned to a single species, '' Crepidula aculeata''. However, molecular phylogenetic and anatomical work have shown them to be a separate

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

grouping or

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

, which has elevated them to the genus status. DNA sequence data has also been used in combination with embryological observations to distinguish 8 species.

Species

Species within the genus ''Bostrycapulus'' include: * '' Bostrycapulus aculeatus'' (Gmelin, 1791) - type species * '' Bostrycapulus calyptraeformis'' (Deshayes, 1830) * '' Bostrycapulus gravispinosus'' (Kuroda and Habe, 1950) * ''

Bostrycapulus heteropoma ''Bostrycapulus heteropoma'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809 ...

'' Collin & Rolán, 2010Collin R. & Rolán E. (2010 2008". "''Bostrycapulus heteropoma'' n. sp. and ''Bostrycapulus tegulicius'' (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from western Africa". ''The Veliger'' 51: 8-14
PDF
* ''

Bostrycapulus latebrus ''Bostrycapulus latebrus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. ...

'' Collin, 2005 * ''

Bostrycapulus odites ''Bostrycapulus odites'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. Ac ...

'' Collin, 2005 * ''

Bostrycapulus pritzkeri ''Bostrycapulus pritzkeri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods. MolluscaBase. Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809. ...

'' Collin, 2005 * '' Bostrycapulus tegulicius'' (Rochebrune, 1883) * '' Bostrycapulus urraca'' Collin, 2005

References

* Collin R. 2005. ''Development, phylogeny, and taxonomy of Bostrycapulus (Caenogastropoda: Calyptraeidae), an ancient cryptic radiation''. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 144(1): 75-101

External links

* http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/collinlab/tree_species/bostrycapulus.html * http://www.stri.si.edu/sites/collinlab/tree_species/main.html Calyptraeidae {{Calyptraeidae-stub