Bor ( sr-cyr, Бор; ro, Bor) is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

and the administrative center of the

Bor District The Bor District ( sr, Борски округ, Borski okrug, ) is one of nine administrative districts of Southern and Eastern Serbia. It has a population of 123,848 inhabitants, according to the 2011 census results. The administrative center ...

in eastern Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 48,615 inhabitants. It has one of the largest

copper Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from la, cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkis ...

mines in Europe –

RTB Bor Serbia Zijin Bor Copper, formerly known as RTB Bor, is a copper mining and smelting complex located in Bor, Serbia. History Formation and expansion The first geological explorations of copper ore in Bor area were conducted in 1897 and cove ...

. It has been a mining center since 1904, when a French company began operations there. With 760 residential buildings it presents the most urban area due to number of citizens in country, and one of top-five cities in Serbia by number of buildings.

Name

The name is derived from the Serbian word ''Bor'' (Бор), meaning "

pine A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accep ...

Geography

Bor is surrounded by many locations such as Banjsko Polje, Brestovačka Banja spa, Borsko Jezero lake, and

Stol A short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft is a conventional fixed-wing aircraft that has short runway requirements for takeoff and landing. Many STOL-designed aircraft also feature various arrangements for use on airstrips with harsh conditio ...

mountain, and is close to Mount Crni Vrh.

Climate

Bor has a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...

(

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...

: ''Dfb'') with pleasantly warm summers, cold winters and uniformly distributed precipitation throughout the year.

Flora and fauna

The Lazar's Canyon is now home to rare plants – Crimean pine, relict species of

Taxus ''Taxus'' is a genus of coniferous trees or shrubs known as yews in the family Taxaceae. They are relatively slow-growing and can be very long-lived, and reach heights of , with trunk girth averaging . They have reddish bark, lanceolate, flat, ...

and Serbian rhammondies – and

animals Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in ...

like:

Chamois The chamois (''Rupicapra rupicapra'') or Alpine chamois is a species of goat-antelope native to mountains in Europe, from west to east, including the Alps, the Dinarides, the Tatra and the Carpathian Mountains, the Balkan Mountains, the Ril ...

Golden eagle The golden eagle (''Aquila chrysaetos'') is a bird of prey living in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. They are one of the best-known bird of p ...

True owl The true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species in 24 genera. The typical owl ...

Peregrine falcon The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan bird of prey (Bird of prey, raptor) in the family (biology), family Falco ...

also, endemic

arthropod Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arth ...

s and

bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most bi ...

History

In 1835,

Miloš Obrenović Miloš, Milos, Miłosz or spelling variations thereof is a masculine given name and a surname. It may refer to: Given name Sportsmen * Miłosz Bernatajtys, Polish rower * Miloš Bogunović, Serbian footballer * Miloš Budaković, Serbian f ...

invited J.G. Herder offspring August to Bor region for carrying out geological investigations.

Đorđe Vajfert Đorđe Vajfert ( sr-cyr, Ђорђе Вајферт, german: Georg Weifert; 15 July 185012 January 1937) was a Serbian industrialist, Governor of the National Bank of Serbia and later Yugoslavia. In addition, he is considered the founder of the ...

invested in exploration of area, sought support of foreign capital to be able initiating industrial exploitation. Managing to obtain support for this endeavour, he signed a contract with Mirabaud, and his Compagnie française des mines de Bor was established on 30 September 1903 in Paris. On 27 March 1941, Nazi Germany's leader Hitler ordered the attack on Yugoslavia. in accordance with ''Führer’s directive No. 25'' which mentioned that the possession of the industrial site of the Bor copper mines was very important for military purposes. In 1943,

Hungarian-Jewish The history of the Jews in Hungary dates back to at least the Kingdom of Hungary, with some records even predating the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895 CE by over 600 years. Written sources prove that Jewish communities lived i ...

forced laborers were stationed at nearby mines which covered 50 percent of the copper requirement of Nazi Germany's

war industry The arms industry, also known as the arms trade, is a global industry which manufactures Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or fo ...

. In the period from July 1943 to September 1944, at least 6,000 Hungarians were used as Kapos. In May 1943, the total number of inmates (excluding Kapos) came to about 23,000 forced laborers from Serbia. On 1 September 1944, column of about 3,000 Kapos left the camp under supreme command of Oberleutnant Walter Steinmeier and marched over

pontoon bridge A pontoon bridge (or ponton bridge), also known as a floating bridge, uses float (nautical), floats or shallow-draft (hull), draft boats to support a continuous deck for pedestrian and vehicle travel. The buoyancy of the supports limits the maxi ...

in Smederovo to Kovin and then further on to Baja via Pančevo. The column was supported by paramilitary operation echelon ''Deutsche Mannschaft'' including '' Banater Staatswache'' unit, task force had escorted the Wehrmacht unit on the way to Bor,

Volksdeutsche In Nazi German terminology, ''Volksdeutsche'' () were "people whose language and culture had German origins but who did not hold German citizenship". The term is the nominalised plural of '' volksdeutsch'', with ''Volksdeutsche'' denoting a sin ...

were under supreme command of Mannschaftsführer Anton Fuchs from Jabuka, his father murdered an inhabitant of their native village from Ilić family with his World War I pistol before they all emigrated. In events of enemy attacks, weapons were also distributed to willing Hungarian inmates. All together of operation force members were about 1.500 strong. Meanwhile, ten Hungarian officers of Horthy defense forces were billeted in a Pancsova hotel, who were supposed to formally have supreme command under Hadnagy Ferenc Ozsváth on Hungarian territory, measure demanded by Germans from political alliance partner. In Baja, selected prisoners should be mobilized west by foot for construction of South-east wall under control of Hungarian units, support by half troop strength of SS-Polizei-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment Nr. 18. On 22 September, second column of about 3,000 Kapos left the camp under supreme command of SS-Sturmbannführer Sebastian Schweinsteiger iclusive his comrade Gunther Lammert of SS-Polizei-Gebirgsjäger-Regiment Nr. 18 via Belgrade and

Pančevo Pančevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Панчево, ; german: Pantschowa; hu, Pancsova; ro, Panciova; sk, Pánčevo) is a city and the administrative center of the South Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is located on ...

to Baja. From Pančevo to Baja, the column was also supported by paramilitary operation echelon ''Deutsche Mannschaft'' and volksdeutsche Ordnungspolizei under supreme command of Mannschaftsführer Michael Lang. German support on the way to Bor by Wehrmacht unit were under supreme command Major Walter Steinmeier. All together were about 16.000 strong excluding Hungarian inmates. Due to the situation at the front, a fast marching pace was ordered, tired and stopping inmates were initially murdered by the roadside on the way north, shot in the neck. SS unit was literally hunted down by combat units of the

Soviet Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...

advancing from Bulgaria in cooperation with the partisans. Because of this, rocks were ordered to be used to slay these inmates to conserve ammo. Shortly before Belgrade, orders were given that streets to be crossed until King Peter Bridge should be shot free of urban civilians, who were described as vermin, if necessary. Eventually only about 500 inmates arrived alive in Pantschowa. In the ranks of the inmates, all SS fighters were described as rabid bloodhounds, but Danube Swabian Mannschaftsführer greeted them in Pantschowa with other words:

Sieg Heil The Nazi salute, also known as the Hitler salute (german: link=no, Hitlergruß, , Hitler greeting, ; also called by the Nazi Party , 'German greeting', ), or the ''Sieg Heil'' salute, is a gesture that was used as a greeting in Nazi Germany. Th ...

, our shepherd dogs are here! All prisoners were either used to build German south-east wall or transported by train to concentration camps such as

Bergen-Belsen Bergen-Belsen , or Belsen, was a Nazi concentration camp in what is today Lower Saxony in northern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. Originally established as a prisoner of war camp, in 1943, parts of it became a concentrati ...

Buchenwald Buchenwald (; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or su ...

, Dachau, Flossenbürg,

Mauthausen Mauthausen was a Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regu ...

Oranienburg Oranienburg () is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel. Geography Oranienburg is a town located on the banks of the Havel river, 35 km north of the centre of Berlin. Division of the town Oranienburg ...

Sachsenhausen Sachsenhausen () or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a German Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used from 1936 until April 1945, shortly before the defeat of Nazi Germany in May later that year. It mainly held political prisoners ...

, and

Auschwitz Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It con ...

. ''Some

Danube Swabians The Danube Swabians (german: Donauschwaben ) is a collective term for the ethnic German-speaking population who lived in various countries of central-eastern Europe, especially in the Danube River valley, first in the 12th century, and in grea ...

including family members also took the opportunity to escape by train from Baja. A prominent member among them was Josef Nedwetzky from Jabuka, who murdered 6 administrative officials of Pančevo City in April 1941, had a forged birth certificate with the name Jankovits, meant synonymously by the German official from Jabuka. It refers to a pogrom night in 1938 against both Serbian families; Witz, an

allusion Allusion is a figure of speech, in which an object or circumstance from unrelated context is referred to covertly or indirectly. It is left to the audience to make the direct connection. Where the connection is directly and explicitly stated (as ...

, and

German orthography German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic. However, it shows many instances of spellings that are historic or analogous to other spellings rather than phonemic. The pronunciation of alm ...

of Slavian names. During both forced marches, there were several attacks carried out by

Yugoslavian Partisans The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: , or the National Liberation Army, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); mk, Народноослобод ...

. Meanwhile, some prisoners took the opportunity to flee to the partisans and thus found life-saving protection. Kapos of both

Death marches A death march is a forced march of prisoners of war or other captives or deportees in which individuals are left to die along the way. It is distinguished in this way from simple prisoner transport via foot march. Article 19 of the Geneva Conven ...

were people like

Gyula Trebitsch Gyula Trebitsch (3 November 1914 - 12 December 2005) was a German people, German film producer born in Budapest, Hungary. He was nominated in 29th Academy Awards, 1956 for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film along with Walter Koppel ...

, and

Miklós Radnóti Miklós Radnóti (born Miklós Glatter; 5 May 1909 – November 1944) was a Hungarian poet and teacher. He was murdered in the Holocaust. Biography Miklós Glatter was the son of a vendor of the textile business company Brück & Grosz in Bu ...

. In 1947, Bor received urban status from the political authorities. At the time its population was 11,000. In June 2018, Bor gained the status of a

, along with

Prokuplje Prokuplje ( sr-cyrl, Прокупље, ) is a city and the administrative center of the Toplica District in southern Serbia. According to 2011 census, the city urban area has a population of 27,333 inhabitants, while the administrative area has 4 ...

Settlements

Aside from the city proper area, the city includes the following settlements: * Brestovac * Bučje * Gornjane * Donja Bela Reka * Zlot *

Krivelj Krivelj ( sr-cyrl, Кривељ; ro, Criveli) is a village in the municipality of Bor, Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, s ...

Luka Luka may refer to: People * Luka (given name), a South Slavic masculine given name cognate of Luke, and a Japanese given name * Luka (singer), stage name of Brazilian singer and songwriter Luciana Karina Santos de Lima (born 1979) * Luka Keʻelik ...

Metovnica Metovnica ( sr-cyrl, Метовница) is a village in the municipality of Bor, Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated a ...

Oštrelj Oštrelj ( sr-cyrl, Оштрељ; ro, Oștreli) is a village in the municipality of Bor, Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country i ...

* Slatina * Tanda * Topla * Šarbanovac

Demographics

According to the 1910, 1931 and 1971 censuses, the inhabitants of the urban area of Bor numbered 2,613 in 1910, 4,749 in 1931 and 29,118 residents in 1971. According to the 2011 census, the population of Bor numbered 48,615 residents, while the urban area of Bor had 34,160 residents.

Ethnic groups

With a total of 32 different ethnic groups being represented among the population, Bor is one of the most ethnically mixed cities in Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the settlements in the city of Bor with a Serbian ethnic majority were: Bor, Brestovac, Donja Bela Reka, and

. The settlements with an ethnic

Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional ...

majority were: Bučje, Gornjane,

, Tanda, Topla, and Šarbanovac. Ethnically mixed settlements were: Zlot (relative Serb majority) and Slatina (relative Romanian majority). The ethnic composition of the city: Ethnic groups in Bor:

Serbs The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language. The majority of Serbs live in their na ...

Romanians The Romanians ( ro, români, ; dated exonym ''Vlachs'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group. Sharing a common Culture of Romania, Romanian culture and Cultural heritage, ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they l ...

Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...

, Macedonians,

Albanians The Albanians (; sq, Shqiptarët ) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Se ...

Bosniaks The Bosniaks ( bs, Bošnjaci, Cyrillic: Бошњаци, ; , ) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who share a common Bosnian ancestry ...

Bulgarians Bulgarians ( bg, българи, Bǎlgari, ) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Bulgaria and the rest of Southeast Europe. Etymology Bulgarians derive their ethnonym from the Bulgars. Their name is not completely understo ...

, Gorani,

Bunjevci Bunjevci ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Bunjevci, Буњевци, ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=, separator=" / ", Bunjevac, Буњевац, sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=, separator=" / ", Bunjevka, Буњевка) are a South Slavic sub-ethnic group living ...

Yugoslavs Yugoslavs or Yugoslavians ( Bosnian and Croatian: ''Jugoslaveni'', Serbian and Macedonian ''Jugosloveni''/Југословени; sl, Jugoslovani) is an identity that was originally designed to refer to a united South Slavic people. It has ...

Montenegrins Montenegrins ( cnr, Црногорци, Crnogorci, or ; lit. "Black Mountain People") are a South Slavic ethnic group that share a common Montenegrin culture, history, and language, identified with the country of Montenegro. Genetics Accordin ...

Croatians The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, ...

Slovenians The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Slovenci ), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovene as their n ...

Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...

ethnic Muslims Muslims ( Serbo-Croatian Latin and sl, Muslimani, Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic and mk, Муслимани) is a designation for a Serbo-Croatian speaking Muslims, inhabiting mostly the territory of the former Yugoslav republics. The term, adopted ...

Germans , native_name_lang = de , region1 = , pop1 = 72,650,269 , region2 = , pop2 = 534,000 , region3 = , pop3 = 157,000 3,322,405 , region4 = , pop4 = ...

Greeks The Greeks or Hellenes (; el, Έλληνες, ''Éllines'' ) are an ethnic group and nation indigenous to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea regions, namely Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt, and, to a lesser extent, oth ...

Slovaks The Slovaks ( sk, Slováci, singular: ''Slovák'', feminine: ''Slovenka'', plural: ''Slovenky'') are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovak. In Slovakia, 4.4 mi ...

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

Rusyns Rusyns (), also known as Carpatho-Rusyns (), or Rusnaks (), are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group from the Carpathian Rus', Eastern Carpathians in Central Europe. They speak Rusyn language, Rusyn, an East Slavic languages, East Slavi ...

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...

Ukrainians Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. The majority ...

Italians , flag = , flag_caption = The national flag of Italy , population = , regions = Italy 55,551,000 , region1 = Brazil , pop1 = 25–33 million , ref1 = , region2 ...

Turks Turk or Turks may refer to: Communities and ethnic groups * Turkic peoples, a collection of ethnic groups who speak Turkic languages * Turkish people, or the Turks, a Turkic ethnic group and nation * Turkish citizen, a citizen of the Republic o ...

Ashkali The Ashkali ( sr, Ашкалије, Aškalije), also Hashkali ( sr, Хашкалије, Haškalije), and Balkan Egyptians ( sr, Балкански Египћани, Balkanski Egipćani; sq, Komuniteti i Egjiptianëve të Ballkanit; mk, Ѓуп� ...

Czechs The Czechs ( cs, Češi, ; singular Czech, masculine: ''Čech'' , singular feminine: ''Češka'' ), or the Czech people (), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, c ...

Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Ce ...

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

Canadians Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of ...

Belarusians , native_name_lang = be , pop = 9.5–10 million , image = , caption = , popplace = 7.99 million , region1 = , pop1 = 600,000–768,000 , region2 = , pop2 ...

Economy

Copper mining, mainly by the biggest employer Zijin Bor Copper, is the key basis of Bor's economy. On 31 August 2018, a Chinese mining company

Zijin Mining Zijin Mining Group Co., Limited is a multi-national mining company headquartered in Mainland China. Background Zijin is a Shanghai Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange listed mining company principally engaged in the prospecting, explor ...

took over 63% of the shares of the company RTB Bor, in a $1.26 billion deal with the Government of Serbia. A few Canadian companies operated in Bor, like

Nevsun Resources Nevsun Resources Ltd was a Canadian diversified mid-tier miner with a portfolio of base metal assets. The company was acquired by Zijin Mining Group Company Limited on December 29, 2018. The company's three principal assets are its ownership in ...

, Dundee, Rakita and Avala resources, while the new smelter and sulfuric acid plant for

were built by Canada's

SNC Lavalin SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. is a Canadian company based in Montreal that provides engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) services to various industries, including mining and metallurgy, oil and gas, environment and water, infrastructure, an ...

. Many companies from Canada, led to

settling in the city and thus formed a new ethnic group in Bor. Apart from mining, some other companies that operate in Bor are Messer Tehnogas AD, Wolong ATB FOD, IT Center Bor, Metalka, Keramika Bor etc. In 2018, the average gross monthly wage in the city of Bor was US$750 (€643, 76078 RSD, 5115 CNY, 4627 Turkish liras) - As of May 2018. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):

Culture and society

Education

Technical Faculty of Bor is a faculty of the

University of Belgrade The University of Belgrade ( sr, / ) is a public university in Serbia. It is the oldest and largest modern university in Serbia. Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School in revolutionary Serbia, by 1838 it merged with the Kragujevac-b ...

, with a tradition dating back to 1961. The Faculty was accredited as a scientific-research organisation in the area of technical-technological science in 2007. So far 1804 students graduated from this faculty, in addition to 18 students that completed specialist studies, 122 master studies and 70 students that defended doctoral theses. Elementary schools * "3. October" * "Branko Radičević" * "Dušan Radović" * "Saint Sava" * "Vuk Karadžić" * "Petar Radovanović" * "Stanoje Miljković" * "Đura Jakšić" * "Vidovdan" High schools * "Vidovdan" * "Bora Stanković" * "Technical school" * "Economic-trade school" * "School of Electrical Engineering" * "Academy Dositej - Medical school (department)" University education * "Technical faculty of Bor" * "Technical and mechanical engineering college Trstenik (department)"

Movies

Bor is the city where many films were produced. Because of that, city have the nickname "Boriwood". List of Serbian and international movies produced in Bor include

Tears for Sale ''Tears for Sale'', also known internationally as ''Charleston & Vendetta'' or also as ''Funeral Brides'' (original title in sr, Чарлстон за Огњенку, Čarlston za Ognjenku, literal translation ''Charleston for Ognjenka'', french: ...

Tilva Roš ''Tilva Roš'' is a 2010 Serbian coming of age drama following a group of skaters from Bor, a small mining town in eastern part of Serbia, during their first summer after finishing high school. Plot Bor, once the largest copper mine, but now ju ...

White White World ''White White World'' ( sr, Beli, beli svet) is a 2010 Serbian drama film directed by Oleg Novković. The film premiered at the 2010 Locarno Film Festival. Jasna Đuričić won Best Actress at the festival. Cast * Uliks Fehmiu as Kralj * Ha ...

Man Is Not a Bird ''Čovek nije ptica'' (English title: ''Man Is Not a Bird'') is a European art film made in 1965. It was the first film from director Dušan Makavejev. Plot Highly skilled engineer Jan Rudinski (Janez Vrhovec) comes to a mining town to install ...

, Winning of Freedom, On the Road to Katanga, Saga o tri nevina muškarca, Save Our Souls, Volja sinovljeva,

Vivegam ''Vivegam'' () is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by Siva. The movie features Ajith Kumar as primary lead, with Vivek Oberoi (in his Tamil debut), Kajal Aggarwal, and Akshara Haasan playing the supporti ...

Sports

Bor Sports Center ( sr, Спортски центар Бор/Sportski centar Bor) is an indoor sporting

arena An arena is a large enclosed platform, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theatre, musical performances, or sporting events. It is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectators ...

. The capacity of the arena is 3,000 people in the seating area, and 4,500 in the ground level area. The

Bor Skate Plaza The Bor Skate Plaza is the first skatepark in Bor, Serbia and also the biggest skate plaza in the Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and ...

is the first and the biggest skate park in the

Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

. It is located next to the Karting circuit and Bor Sports Center. It is opened in 2012. Next to the

is the Karting circuit that was built in the same year. Near to them is the stadium "4. kilometer" and Bor Hippodrome. One of the most famous clubs in the city is

FK Bor FK Bor (Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Бор) is a football club based in Bor, Serbia. History Early Years (1920s to 1960s) The club was founded in 1919 as a Serbian-French sports society under the name Association Sportive Bor (ASB). The club was ...

football club, which spent several seasons in the top division, the

Yugoslav First League The Yugoslav First Federal Football League ( Serbian: Прва савезна лига у фудбалу / ''Prva savezna liga u fudbalu'', hr, Prva savezna liga u nogometu, sl, Prva zvezna nogometna liga, mk, Прва сојузна лига, ...

, participating in the

European Cup Winners Cup The UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was a European football club competition contested annually by the winners of domestic cup competitions. The cup was, chronologically, the second seasonal inter-European club competition organised by UEFA. The tourna ...

in the season of 1968/69, and played in the national Cup Finale in season 1967/1968 against

Crvena Zvezda Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda ( sr-Cyrl, Фудбалски клуб Црвена звезда, lit=Red Star Football Club, ), commonly known as Red Star Belgrade in English-language media, is a Serbian professional Association football, foot ...

is currently part of Bor District league, which is the Fifth tier league in Serbia, while another city club, FK Slatina Bor, is in

Zone League East Zone League East is the fourth-highest football league in Serbia. The league is operated by the Football Association of Eastern Serbia Region. The league consists of 16 clubs that play each other in a double round-robin league, with each club pla ...

, the fourth-level football league in Serbia. In the season 2018–2019, three clubs from Bor will take part in the top level national league competitions. ZKK Bor will play in the

First Women's Basketball League of Serbia The First Women's Basketball League of Serbia ( sr, Прва женска лига Србије, Prva ženska liga Srbije; abbr. ПЖЛС or PŽLS), is a top-tier women's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006, it is run by th ...

, ZJRK Bor in

Serbian First League of Handball for Women The Serbian Super League of Handball for Women ( sr, Суперлига Србије у рукомету за жене / Superliga Srbije u rukometu za žene) is the top women's handball league in Serbia. The league is composed of 12 teams. The ...

, while American football team Golden Bears Bor is in the top-level American Football League of Serbia. Under the auspices of the Public Utility "Sportski Centar Bor" is the

Bor Airport Bor Airport ( sr, Аеродром Бор / ''Aerodrom Bor'') is an airport located in east part of Serbia near the town of Bor, Serbia and around from the bigger town of Zaječar, Serbia.The Airport is also located near the mountain resort ...

, with a paved runway, where traditional sport air show "Fly in" used to be held. Bor has hosted

2013 EBSA European Under-21 Snooker Championship The 2013 EBSA European Under-21 Snooker Championships was an amateur snooker tournament held in Bor Serbia from 18 March to 22 March 2013. It was the 17th edition of the EBSA European Under-21 Snooker Championships and it also doubles as a qua ...

Tourism

The city of Bor is surrounded by a number of tourist destinations: Borsko jezero (Bor Lake) is a tourist attraction for domestic and foreign tourists, and it is less than 20 km away from the city center. It is popular in the summer, when the water temperature reaches 25 °C (77 °F) and it has two beaches. There is a bus line from the city center and back, during the summer. Crni Vrh is a mountain just 30 km from the city center. Highest peak has an elevation of 1,043 m (3,422 ft) above sea level. It has several ski tracks and the ski lift. The main ski track is 1100 m long and has height span of 260 m. Just 16 km from the city center there is another mountain

. Its highest peak has an elevation of 1,156 meters above sea level. Like nearby Veliki Krš and Mali Krš, Stol has a number of pronounced karst formations. It is also a destination for

mountaineering Mountaineering or alpinism, is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending tall mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas. Indoor climbing, sport climbing, a ...

. It has a ski lift and ski trails. Mountain Rtanj in Boljevac municipality is 50 km away from Bor. The Lazareva Pećina, which translates Lazar's Cave, is the longest explored cave in Serbia. It is located 21 km from the city center. According to 2012's ''Recent Landform Evolution: The Carpatho-Balkan-Dinaric Region'', the cave is long. The cave is situated near the entrance of the deep canyon carved into the mountains by the river Zlotska. Bogovina cave is also near Bor, just about 30 km away. Lazar's Canyon is located at about 10 kilometers from Bor. This is the deepest and longest canyon in eastern Serbia. Because of its steep rocky cliffs, the canyon has not yet been fully examined. Passing through canyon it is a real adventure, at times quite challenging and arduous. In many places it is necessary to clamber over the rocks. Brestovac Spa is one of oldest spas in Serbia, located just 8 km from the city center. Health treatment are done with slightly sulphurous and oligomineral water with temperature of 20 to 41 °C. The Spa is for treatment and curing diseases and injuries to the muscles and bones. Especially relevant cured diseases are degenerative rheumatic diseases, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, swelling and pain. And also chronic joint diseases, muscle disorders lumbago – lower back pain. More gynecological diseases, upper respiratory mucous membrane inflammation, skin conditions, increased diuresis, low level of stomach acid, digestive tract diseases. Furthermore, kidney diseases and nerve diseases. Water is rich with potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, iodine, sulfate and also carbonate. Ways of treatment are drinking and bathing. The Residence of Prince Miloš (Serbian: Конак кнеза Милоша) is a royal residence in the Brestovac Spa. Bor zoo (Serbian: Борски зоолошки врт), is a zoo located in Bor, Serbia. It was founded in 2011, and it is one of four zoos in Serbia and is also considered to be one of the most attractive public zoos in southeastern Europe. The zoo covers an area of 2,5 hectares (6,17 acres) and holds about 140 animals representing more than 70 different wild and exotic species of animals as well as domestic and indigenous ones. Park Museum is an "open museum" located from the city center, and through the main streets "Mose Pijade" and "Zeleni bulevar" with mining exhibits. It is possible to see them from a vehicle or from a sidewalk.

Paragliding Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. The pilot sits in a harness or lies supine in a cocoon-like 'po ...

is popular in this part of Serbia, and considering there are several locations used for this sport, such as mountains Crni Vrh and

. File:Bor_Lake,_summer.jpg, Borsko jezero (Bor Lake) File:Zicara_Crni_vrh.jpg, Crni Vrh File:Лазарев_кањон_2.jpg, Lazar's cave File:Kanjon_Lazarev.jpg, Lazar's Canyon File:Damper_Bor.jpg, Park Museum File:Crkva_Svetog_Đorđa_u_Boru.jpg, St. George Orthodox Church File:Konak_kneza_Miloša_u_Brestovačkoj_Banji_01.JPG, Brestovac Spa File:Zoo_Bor_entrance.jpg, ZOO Bor File:French_architecture.jpg, French architecture

Politics

Seats in the municipal parliament won in the 2018 local elections: * Zato sto volimo Bor (Because we love Bor) - SNS,

SPS SPS may refer to: Law and government * Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the WTO * NATO Science for Peace and Security * Single Payment Scheme, an EU agricultural subsidy * The Standard Procurement System, fo ...

(24) 58,52 % * Mi ili oni - Ujedinjeni za Bor (We or they - United for Bor) - DS, People's Party, VNS,

Together for Serbia Together for Serbia ( sr-cyrl, Заједно за Србију, Zajedno za Srbiju, ZZS) was a Centre-left politics, centre-left List of political parties in Serbia, political party in Serbia. It was formed by Dušan Petrović in 2012, and he l ...

, SDS, PSG, DSS (7) 16,48 % * Enough is Enough -

Dveri The Serbian Movement "Dveri" ( sr-Cyr, Српски покрет Двери, Srpski pokret Dveri), commonly just known as Dveri (), is a nationalist and right-wing populist political party in Serbia. It its currently led by Boško Obradović, wh ...

(3) 8,17 * Vlachs' Party "Most" (1) 4,01 %

Local media

;Newspapers: *Timočke "Тимочке" *Borski problem (Weekly magazine) *Kolektiv "Лист Колектив" ;Social media and Internet media: *Solaris media *Ist media *Bor Info *Bor 030 *Medija centar ;Radio stations: *Klik FM (99.5) *Radio Antena (101.6) *Radio Bor (103.1) ;TV stations: *Radio television Bor

Notable citizens

Vane Bor Stevan Živadinović (20 November 1908 – 6 May 1993), known by his pen name Vane Bor, was a Serbian artist active in the Surrealist movement. He produced various collages, photograms and photographs, as well as theoretical texts and poems. He ...

(1908-1993) surrealist artist *

(1850–1937), first owner of mines and donator of Saint George's Church *

Samu Borovszky Samu or SAMU may refer to: Places * Samu, Sierra Leone * Samu, South Khorasan, a village in South Khorasan Province, Iran * As-Samu, a town in the Hebron Governorate of the West Bank * Samu, Sarawak, Malaysia, a settlement near Kerangan Pingga ...

(1860–1912), historian and

editor-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ...

of works on the

counties of the Kingdom of Hungary A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesChambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...

; his

surname In some cultures, a surname, family name, or last name is the portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family, tribe or community. Practices vary by culture. The family name may be placed at either the start of a person's full name ...

can be translated as '' The Boronnese'' (people from Bor) * Tanja Ćirov (1981–), was a Bulgarian - Serbian female professional basketball player, former Bulgarian national team player. * Nikola Ležaić (1981–), Serbian film director/screenwriter/film producer. * Boriša Đorđević (1953–), Serbian retired football player, winner of

European Cup The UEFA Champions League (abbreviated as UCL, or sometimes, UEFA CL) is an annual club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested by top-division European clubs, deciding the competit ...

with

Hamburger SV Hamburger Sport-Verein e.V. (), commonly known as Hamburger SV () or Hamburg (), is a German sports club based in Hamburg, with its largest branch being its football section. Though the current HSV was founded in June 1919 from a merger of three ...

in 1982–1983 season, Bundesliga champion two times, and Yugoslav champion with

Hajduk Split Hrvatski nogometni klub Hajduk Split, commonly referred to as Hajduk Split () or simply Hajduk, is a Croatian professional football club based in Split, that competes in the Croatian First League, the top tier in Croatian football. Since 1979, t ...

. Former national team player of

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

Ivan Gvozdenović Ivan Gvozdenović (Serbian Cyrillic: Иван Гвозденовић; born 19 August 1978) is a Serbian retired football defender, who is the technical coach Kategoria e Parë club Skënderbeu Korçë. Career Gvozdenović started his career at ...

(1978–), Serbian retired football defender who currently works as a manager. * Branislav Mihajlović (1953–), member of the National Assembly of Serbia, and leader of "Enough is enough" association. *

Nikola Šainović Nikola Šainović ( sr-cyr, Никола Шаиновић, born 7 December 1948) is a Serbian politician. A close associate of Slobodan Milošević, he held several important state functions of Serbia and FR Yugoslavia during the 1990s. He has b ...

(1948–), Prime Minister of Serbia from 1993 to 1994 and the minister of Energy and Mining of Serbia and the Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia from 1991 to 1993. *

Bobana Veličković Bobana Veličković ( sr-Cyrl, Бобана Величковић; 25 January 1990 – 21 June 2020) was a Serbian sport shooter. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre air pisto ...

(1990–2020), Serbian female sport shooter, competed at Summer Olympics in 2012 and 2016.

Twin towns and sister cities

Bor is twinned with: *

Bar Bar or BAR may refer to: Food and drink * Bar (establishment), selling alcoholic beverages * Candy bar * Chocolate bar Science and technology * Bar (river morphology), a deposit of sediment * Bar (tropical cyclone), a layer of cloud * Bar (u ...

, Montenegro * Le Creusot, France * Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine * Kitwe, Zambia * Kriva Palanka, North Macedonia * Shanghang County, China * Vulcan, Hunedoara, Vulcan, Romania * Vratsa, Bulgaria

References

Sources

External links

Official Website of Bor

Website of the Bor

Tourist Organization of Bor
{{Authority control Populated places in Bor District Municipalities and cities of Southern and Eastern Serbia Bor, Serbia,

Name

Geography

Climate

Flora and fauna

History

Settlements

Demographics

Ethnic groups

Economy

Culture and society

Education

Movies

Sports

Tourism

Politics

Local media

Notable citizens

Twin towns and sister cities

See also

References

Sources

External links