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Body positivity is a
social movement
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of group action and may ...
focused on the acceptance of all bodies, regardless of size, shape, skin tone, gender, and physical abilities, while challenging present-day
beauty standards
Physical attractiveness is the degree to which a person's physical features are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful. The term often implies sexual attractiveness or desirability, but can also be distinct from either. There are many ...
as an undesirable
social construct
Social constructionism is a theory in sociology, social ontology, and communication theory which proposes that certain ideas about physical reality arise from collaborative consensus, instead of pure observation of said reality. The theory ...
. Proponents focus on the appreciation of the functionality and health of the
human body
The human body is the structure of a Human, human being. It is composed of many different types of Cell (biology), cells that together create Tissue (biology), tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the life, viabi ...
, instead of its
physiological appearance.
Viewpoints
![Elizabeth Smith Miller](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Elizabeth_Smith_Miller.gif)
Body-positive advocates believe that size, like
race
Race, RACE or "The Race" may refer to:
* Race (biology), an informal taxonomic classification within a species, generally within a sub-species
* Race (human categorization), classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, and/or s ...
,
gender
Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures u ...
,
sexuality
Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually. This involves biological, psychological, physical, erotic, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Because it is a broad term, which has varied ...
, and
physical capability, is one of the many ways that our bodies are placed in a power and desirability
hierarchy
A hierarchy (from Greek: , from , 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another. Hierarchy is an important ...
. In other words, judgments about one's physical appearance inherently place one on a certain rung of a ladder that rates and values one's desirability, effectively increasing or reducing one's power in society. The movement aims to challenge unrealistic ideals of
physical attractiveness
Physical attractiveness is the degree to which a person's physical features are considered aesthetically pleasing or beautiful. The term often implies sexual attractiveness or desirability, but can also be distinct from either. There are many ...
, build positive
body image
Body image is a person's thoughts, feelings and perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body. The concept of body image is used in a number of disciplines, including neuroscience, psychology, medicine, psychiatry, ps ...
, and improve self-confidence.
A central belief advocated is that beauty is a
construct of society and that this construct should not determine one's confidence or
self-worth
Self-esteem is confidence in one's own worth or abilities. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself (for example, "I am loved", "I am worthy") as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame. Smith and Mackie (2007) d ...
.
Individuals are encouraged to love themselves to the fullest while not only accepting but even embracing their
physical traits.
Body positivity has roots in the
fat acceptance movement
The fat acceptance movement, also known as fat pride, fat empowerment, and fat activism, is a social movement which seeks to eliminate the social stigma of fatness from social attitudes by pointing out the social obstacles which are faced by ...
as well as the
National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance
The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is a non-profit, fat acceptance civil-rights organization in the United States dedicated to improving the quality of life for fat people. . NAAFA works to eliminate discrimination base ...
. Body positivity differs from fat acceptance in that it is all encompassing and inclusive of ''all'' body types, whereas fat acceptance only advocates for individuals considered to be
obese
Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it may negatively affect health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's we ...
or
overweight. The movement argues that neither
fat-shaming
Social stigma of obesity is broadly defined as bias or discriminatory behaviors targeted at overweight and obese individuals because of their weight. Such social stigmas can span one's entire life, as long as excess weight is present, starting ...
nor skinny-shaming is acceptable, and that all body types can and should be celebrated.
Although body positivity is perceived as the celebration of one's
physical appearance
Human physical appearance is the outward phenotype or look of human beings.
There are infinite variations in human phenotypes, though society reduces the variability to distinct categories. The physical appearance of humans, in particular those a ...
as it is, women are highly motivated to advocate the normalization of
body hair,
bodily fluids
Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids, sometimes body liquids, are liquids within the human body. In lean healthy adult men, the total body water is about 60% (60–67%) of the total body weight; it is usually slightly lower in women (52-55%). ...
,
menstruation
Menstruation (also known as a period, among other colloquial terms) is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. The menstrual cycle is characterized by the rise and fall of hor ...
, and to challenge preconceived ideas regarding a woman's appearance.
History
Victorian Dress Reform Movement (1850s–1890s)
As part of the
first wave of feminism
First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on securing women's right to vote. The term is often used ...
from the 1850s-1890s, the
Victorian Dress Reform Movement aimed to put an end to the trend of women having to modify their bodies through use of
corsets and
tightlacing
Tightlacing (also called corset training) is the practice of wearing a tightly-laced corset. It is done to achieve cosmetic modifications to the figure and posture or to experience the sensation of bodily restriction.
History
Corsets were first ...
in order to fit the societal standard of tiny waistlines.
A minority of women participated in this tradition of conformity, but often ended up facing ridicule whether or not they were successful at shrinking their waistline. The practice of tight-lacing proved to have many negative health risks, and was also extremely uncomfortable for women who partook. Women were mocked for their egotism if they were not able to shrink their waistline, and they were criticized for too small a waistline if they were successful. This instilled a feeling of defeat in women during these times, as nothing they did seemed to satisfy their male counterparts. As part of the Victorian Dress Reform Movement, women also fought for their right to dress in pants.
Acceptance of all body types – regardless of waist measurements – was the major theme of the Victorian Dress Reform Movement, and this was the first movement of its kind.
First wave (1960s)
The origins of the body positivity movement date back to the
Fat Acceptance movement
The fat acceptance movement, also known as fat pride, fat empowerment, and fat activism, is a social movement which seeks to eliminate the social stigma of fatness from social attitudes by pointing out the social obstacles which are faced by ...
of the 1960s.The idea of ending fat-shaming served as the seed of a larger project of accepting and celebrating all bodies and body types.
In 1967, New York radio host
Steve Post held a "fat-in" in Central Park. He described the purpose of the event "was to protest discrimination against the fat."
This moment is often cited as the beginning of the
Fat Acceptance movement
The fat acceptance movement, also known as fat pride, fat empowerment, and fat activism, is a social movement which seeks to eliminate the social stigma of fatness from social attitudes by pointing out the social obstacles which are faced by ...
. Five Months after the "fat-in", Lew Louderback composed an essay entitled "More People Should be Fat!" as a result of him witnessing the discrimination his wife experienced as a result of her size.
The piece initiated a new movement with goals of correcting fat-shaming, and the belief that being fat is always indicative of being unhealthy. The essay shed light on the discrimination fat people experience in America, and the culture surrounding fat-shaming. Louderback's contribution inspired the creation of the
National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance
The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is a non-profit, fat acceptance civil-rights organization in the United States dedicated to improving the quality of life for fat people. . NAAFA works to eliminate discrimination base ...
(NAAFA) in 1969 by Bill Fabrey, with the mission of ending discrimination based on body weight.
Second wave (1990s)
The second wave of body positivity prioritized providing people of all sizes a place where they could comfortably come together and exercise. There were programs being made specifically for overweight people, such as ''Making Waves''. Home exercise programs like Genia Pauli Haddon and Linda DeMarco's home exercise video series ''Yoga For Round Bodies'' were also made for those who were not comfortable joining a wellness community.
There were dangers in dieting that were found during the 90's. Dieting was found to be ineffective and causes more physical and psychological problems and does not actually solve anything. People sought help from dieting. They wanted to learn how to eat again. Chronic dieting had not proven to be effective. Dieting has been used as a ploy to get people's money and does not actually work, especially in the long term.
Third wave (2010s)
The current form of the body positivity movement arose around 2012 largely as a response to the increase in social media culture and advertisements. The rise of
Instagram
Instagram is a photo and video sharing social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. The app allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and geographical tagging. Posts can ...
inspired a debate about cultural beauty standards, and the body positivity movement arose as a response and argument in favor of embracing all body types, loving one's body even with any flaws, and feeling confident about one's own body. Since 2012, there has been a heightened presence of the movement, although corporations have capitalized on the sentiments in order to sell products.
The movement challenged ideals including unblemished skin and slim "beach bodies."
Model and feminist
Tess Holliday
Ryann Maegen Hoven, known professionally as Tess Holliday and formerly known as Tess Munster (born July 5, 1985), is an American plus-size model, blogger, and make-up artist based in Los Angeles.
Early life
Holliday was born and raised in Lau ...
founded '@EffYourBeautyStandards', which brought an outpour of support to the body positive movement. After founding the movement, the size-26 Holliday was signed to Milk Management, a large model agency in Europe, as their first model oversize 20.
Instagram
Instagram is a photo and video sharing social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. The app allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and geographical tagging. Posts can ...
has been utilized as an advertising platform for the movement since. Pioneers connect with brands and advertisers to promote the movement.
In 2016,
Mattel
Mattel, Inc. ( ) is an American multinational toy manufacturing and entertainment company founded in January 1945 and headquartered in El Segundo, California. The company has presence in 35 countries and territories and sells products in more ...
released a new line of
Barbie dolls under the name ''Fashionistas'' with three different body shapes, seven skin colors, twenty-two eye colors and twenty-four hairstyles to be more inclusive. Body artists have also helped promote and spread education about body positivity in the United States and United Kingdom, producing a number of notable outdoor nude painting displays for plus sized men and women.
Psychology
The body positivity movement aims to change societal and individual perceptions of weight, size, and appearance to be more accepting of all bodies regardless of their diverse characteristics.
An individual's perception of their body can greatly influence their
mental health
Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior. It likewise determines how an individual handles stress, interpersonal relationships, and decision-making. Mental health ...
and overall well-being, particularly in teenagers. Poor body image, also known as body dissatisfaction, has been linked to a range of physical and mental health problems including
anorexia
Anorexia nervosa, often referred to simply as anorexia, is an eating disorder characterized by low weight, food restriction, body image disturbance, fear of gaining weight, and an overpowering desire to be thin. ''Anorexia'' is a term of Gre ...
,
bulimia
Bulimia nervosa, also known as simply bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging or fasting, and excessive concern with body shape and weight. The aim of this activity is to expel the body of calories eaten ...
,
depression,
body image disturbance
Body image disturbance (BID) is a common symptom in patients with eating disorders and is characterized by an altered perception of one's own body.
The onset is mainly attributed to patients with anorexia nervosa who persistently tend to sub ...
, and
body dysmorphic disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), occasionally still called dysmorphophobia, is a mental disorder characterized by the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body part or appearance is severely flawed and therefore warrants exceptional meas ...
. Partakers are encouraged to view
self-acceptance
Self-acceptance is acceptance of self.
Definition
Self-acceptance can be defined as:
* the awareness of one's strengths and weaknesses,
* the realistic (yet subjective) appraisal of one's talents, capabilities, and general worth, and,
* feelings ...
and
self-love as traits that dignify the person.
The movement advocates against determining self-worth based on physical appearance or perceptions of one's own beauty. In the field of
psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries betwe ...
, this is referred to as appearance-contingent self-worth, and can be highly detrimental to an individual's mental health.
The degree to which one feels proud of their physical appearance is referred to as appearance self-esteem.
People who fall under the appearance-contingent self-worth umbrella put great effort into looking their best so that they feel their best. This is can be beneficial when an individual feels that they look good, but is extremely negative and anxiety-inducing when they do not.
Body positivity can be improved by implementing more self-care behaviors which can include a healthy diet or exercise; research has shown that participating in more self-care activities can reduce the risk of eating disorders and improve mental health.
Inclusion
The body positivity movement focuses largely on women, recognizing that women face more societal pressure to conform to beauty standards than men.
Eating disorders are more common in women due to this social phenomenon.
Nevertheless, men may face societal pressures to fit into a
masculine physical ideal. Qualities that fit that mold are
height
Height is measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how "tall" something or someone is) or vertical position (how "high" a point is).
For example, "The height of that building is 50 m" or "The height of an airplane in-flight is abou ...
,
rectus abdominis muscle
The rectus abdominis muscle, ( la, straight abdominal) also known as the "abdominal muscle" or simply the "abs", is a paired straight muscle. It is a paired muscle, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba. It ex ...
or "six pack abs", a broad upper body, muscular arms, shoulders,
pectoral muscles
Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as "pecs") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder. This region contains four muscles that provide movements to the upper limbs or ribs.
P ...
,
genital shape and size, etc. Men may face anxiety and pressure to shape their bodies to fit this mold and may struggle with body image disorders,
including
body dysmorphia,
anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa, often referred to simply as anorexia, is an eating disorder characterized by low weight, food restriction, body image disturbance, fear of gaining weight, and an overpowering desire to be thin. ''Anorexia'' is a term of Gr ...
and
bulimia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa, also known as simply bulimia, is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging or fasting, and excessive concern with body shape and weight. The aim of this activity is to expel the body of calories eaten ...
. Eating disorders in men are less commonly diagnosed and therefore less publicized. Although there is an underdiagnosis of
body dysmorphic disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), occasionally still called dysmorphophobia, is a mental disorder characterized by the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body part or appearance is severely flawed and therefore warrants exceptional meas ...
, the clinical symptoms can affect people of any gender. While body positivity has largely been discussed with regard to women, the body positivity movement may uplift people of all genders and sexes - as well as ages, races, ethnicities, sexual preferences, and religions.
Brand influence and social media
Due to social media the notion "every body is beautiful" came into being. The movement for body positivity has played a role in influencing
marketing campaigns for major corporations. In 2004,
Dove
Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...
launched their "Real Beauty" campaign, in which advertisements depicted women of varying body types and
skin tones
Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among individuals is caused by variation in pigmentation, which is the result of genetics (inherited from one's biological parents and or individu ...
in a manner that portrayed acceptance and positivity towards their bodies. On their website, Dove presents its ''Dove Self-Esteem Project'' as a mission for "helping young people reach their full potential by delivering quality body confidence and self-esteem education".
The company also partners with and raises money for
eating disorder organizations.
In 2017, the American women's underwear company
Aerie
Aerie (a variant of eyrie) is the bird nest of an eagle, falcon, hawk, or other bird of prey.
Aerie may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities
* Aerie (Baldur's Gate), Aerie (''Baldur's Gate''), a character in ''Baldur' ...
launched a campaign called "Aerie''Real''", in which the company promised to not
retouch or edit their models, encouraging body positivity and body-acceptance despite features such as
cellulite
Cellulite is the herniation of subcutaneous fat within fibrous connective tissue that manifests as skin dimpling and nodularity, often on the pelvic region (specifically the buttocks), lower limbs, and abdomen. Cellulite occurs in most postpube ...
,
stretch marks
Stretch marks, also known as striae () or striae distensae, are a form of scarring on the skin with an off-color hue. Over time they may diminish, but will not disappear completely. Striae are caused by tearing of the dermis during periods of r ...
, or fat rolls. Aerie has begun featuring body positive
influencers
An Internet celebrity (also known as a social media influencer, social media personality, internet personality, or simply influencer) is a celebrity who has acquired or developed their fame and notability through the Internet. The rise of social m ...
in their photo shoots and advertising campaigns, as well as
plus sized models. To accommodate the last, the brand has launched a plus size clothing line.
In 2019,
Decathlon
The decathlon is a combined event in Athletics (sport), athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word "decathlon" was formed, in analogy to the word "pentathlon", from Greek language, Greek δέκα (''déka'', meaning "ten") and ...
joined the efforts of other companies with their ''#LeggingsForEverybody'' campaign, stating their mission as "to boost body confidence and support you in your fitness journey".
Recently, paradigms on
social media
Social media are interactive media technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, interests, and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks. While challenges to the definition of ''social medi ...
have been changing from pushing
feminine beauty ideal
The feminine beauty ideal is a specific set of beauty standards regarding traits that are ingrained in women throughout their lives and from a young age to increase their ''perceived'' physical attractiveness. It is a phenomenon experienced by man ...
s to challenging those ideals through image related empowerment and inspiration. Several influencers such as AerieReal model
Iskra Lawrence
Iskra Arabella Lawrence (born 11 September 1990) is a British model.
Early life and education
Lawrence was born in Wolverhampton and grew up in Kidderminster, Worcestershire from the age of 6 weeks. Lawrence attended Holy Trinity School, Kidder ...
have been preaching body positivity, creating
hashtags such as ''#IWokeUpLikeThis'', ''#EffYourBeautyStandards'', ''#HonorMyCurves'', ''#CelebrateMySize'', ''#GoldenConfidence'', and ''#ImNoModelEither''.
Social media plays a pivotal role in the body positivity movement, in part by providing education and exposure on different body types.
Instagram
Instagram is a photo and video sharing social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. The app allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and geographical tagging. Posts can ...
and
Facebook
Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin M ...
are some social platforms that, as of 2019, have body positive policies that cause advertisements for cosmetic surgery, weight loss supplements, and detox products, to be hidden from underaged demographics. In addition to promoting positive body image, these policies aim to curb the advertisement of supplements unregulated by the
Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a List of United States federal agencies, federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is respon ...
(FDA). Social media platforms such as
Instagram
Instagram is a photo and video sharing social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. The app allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and geographical tagging. Posts can ...
are frequently used to post body positivity content and fuel related discussion.
Although studies about social media and body image are still in their early stages, there seems to be a correlation between social media use and body image concerns. Body image tends to be positively or negatively affected by the content to which people are exposed on social media. The action of people uploading pictures of themselves appears to effectuate a negative body image.
Criticism
The body positivity movement has been criticized for encouraging lifestyle habits that negatively affect one's health. A central complaint is that excessive approval of overweight and obese individuals could dissuade them from desiring to improve their health, leading to
lifestyle disease
Lifestyle diseases can be defined as diseases linked with one's lifestyle. These diseases are non-communicable diseases. They are caused by lack of physical activity , unhealthy eating, alcohol, substance use disorders and smoking tobacco, wh ...
. Among health professionals, agreement with the movement is very low. A 2012 study found that among a sample of 1,130 trainee
dietitian
A dietitian, medical dietitian, or dietician is an expert in identifying and treating disease-related malnutrition and in conducting medical nutrition therapy, for example designing an enteral tube feeding regimen or mitigating the effects of ca ...
s,
nutritionist A nutritionist is a person who advises others on matters of food and nutrition and their impacts on health. Some people specialize in particular areas, such as sports nutrition, public health, or animal nutrition, among other disciplines. In many ...
, nurses and medical doctors, only 1.4% had "positive or neutral attitudes" regarding excess body fat. According to internist Aditi G Jha, M.D., "central obesity is the number one factor associated with
diabetes
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level ( hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased ap ...
,
hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long-term high bl ...
, and
infertility
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects). It is the normal state ...
, in their respective orders." The body positivity movement is sometimes discussed as a
"denial of science".
The movement has also faced criticism from feminists. Gender scholar Amber E. Kinser wrote that posting an unedited photo of your body to a social media website, which is an example of an action associated with the movement, does little to prevent women's worth from being directly correlated to their physical appearance.
With the majority of the body positivity movement recently occurring on Instagram, a recent study found that 40 percent of body positivity posts were centered around appearance. With Instagram being a photo-sharing social media site, the effort to place the focus less on appearance has been criticized to be contradictory.
An additional criticism is that the movement puts too much emphasis on the role of the individual to improve their own body image, and not enough attention on identifying and eliminating the cultural forces, messages, beliefs, and advertising campaigns accountable for causing widespread body dissatisfaction.
Another criticism of the body positivity movement is that it can impair one's agency and authenticity. Researcher Lisa Legault argues that an undue emphasis on body positivity can “stifle and diminish important negative feelings.”
She explains that negative feelings are a natural part of the human experience and that such feelings can be important and informational. She says “ignoring negative feelings and experiences exerts a cost to authenticity and self-integration."
The movement, Legault argues, cannot make it seem like a person should only feel positive emotions.
This expectation to have only positive feelings is sometimes called “toxic body positivity.”
Moreover, a failure to achieve a genuine, confident sense of body positivity could be construed as a weakness, and this is another problematic aspect of the body positivity movement.
See also
*
Awoulaba
Awoulaba is a Baoulé-language term from Ivory Coast meaning "queen of beauty", which refers to women displaying a beauty ideal that consists of a plump and curvaceous body with large buttocks. The ideal Awoulaba has a small waist-to-hip ra ...
*
Body shaming
Body shaming is the action or inaction of subjecting someone to humiliation and criticism for their bodily features. The scope of body shaming is wide, and can include, although is not limited to fat-shaming, shaming for thinness, small breasts, ...
*
Duane Bryers
Duane B. "Dick" Bryers (July 2, 1911 – May 30, 2012, Tucson, Arizona) was an American painter, illustrator, and sculptor. In the 21st century, Bryers was rediscovered as the creator of the unconventionally plump pinup girl Hilda, who appeared ...
*
Fat acceptance movement
The fat acceptance movement, also known as fat pride, fat empowerment, and fat activism, is a social movement which seeks to eliminate the social stigma of fatness from social attitudes by pointing out the social obstacles which are faced by ...
* ''
Fattitude
''Fattitude'' is a documentary film by Lindsey Averill and Viridiana Lieberman. The movie is about fat discrimination and its main objective is to make the general public more aware of the prejudice that fat people experience. The movie propagates ...
'' - 2017 documentary
*
Height discrimination
Height discrimination (also known as heightism) is prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on height. In principle, it refers to the discriminatory treatment against individuals whose height is not within the normal acceptable range ...
*
Lookism
*
Sex-positive movement
The sex-positive movement is a social movement, social and philosophical movement that seeks to change cultural attitudes and norms around sexuality, promoting the recognition of sexuality (in the countless forms of expression) as a natural and he ...
*
Sizeism
Sizeism or size discrimination is prejudice directed at people based on their size.
Discrimination
This type of discrimination can take a number of forms, ranging from refusing to hire someone because they are considered to be too short or too ...
Notes
References
{{reflist
Body image in popular culture
Fat acceptance movement