The Blockade of Callao was a military operation that occurred during the War of the Pacific or the Salitre War and that consisted of the Chilean squadron preventing the entry of ships to the port of

Callao Callao () is a Peruvian seaside city and Regions of Peru, region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area. Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport. Callao municipality consists o ...

and the neighboring coves between 10 April 1880 and 17 January 1881.

Blockade

Commencing on 10 April 1880, the Chilean Navy fleet began a light blockade of the Peruvian port of

. The Chilean fleet would slowly grow as additional ships became available from other regions of the campaign. Likewise, the

Peruvian Navy The Peruvian Navy ( es, link=no, Marina de Guerra del Perú, abbreviated MGP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with surveillance, patrol and defense on lakes, rivers and the Pacific Ocean up to from the Peruvian littoral. Addit ...

would arm local vessels as equipment allowed. Several times over the year that the blockade was effected, the Chilean fleet would sortie and bombard the city. This was frequently in response to a Peruvian attack, such as the repeated successful deployment of disguised floating bombs.

Scuttling of the Peruvian fleet

After the successful attacks on the Lima

suburb A suburb (more broadly suburban area) is an area within a metropolitan area, which may include commercial and mixed-use, that is primarily a residential area. A suburb can exist either as part of a larger city/urban area or as a separate ...

s of

San Juan San Juan, Spanish for Saint John, may refer to: Places Argentina * San Juan Province, Argentina * San Juan, Argentina, the capital of that province * San Juan, Salta, a village in Iruya, Salta Province * San Juan (Buenos Aires Underground), ...

and Miraflores it became apparent that the city was going to fall to the advancing Chilean Army. During the night of 16 January 1881, after the defeat of the Peruvian Army in the battles of San Juan and Miraflores, the Secretary of the Navy, Captain Manuel Villar, ordered the destruction of port defences and the remaining ships of the Peruvian NavyYábar 2001 to prevent their capture by Chilean troops. This order was executed by the captains Germán Astete and Manuel Villavisencio during the dawn of 17 January 1881. Among the ships scuttled were the last Peruvian

ironclad An ironclad is a steam engine, steam-propelled warship protected by Wrought iron, iron or steel iron armor, armor plates, constructed from 1859 to the early 1890s. The ironclad was developed as a result of the vulnerability of wooden warships ...

, the monitor , the corvette ''Unión'', the training ship , as well as Peru's first

submarine A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely op ...

, .

Ships scuttled

The Peruvian ships scuttled by its crew before they could being captured, included:

Surrender

Callao surrendered on 18 January 1881, the day after the fleet was scuttled.

References

navsource.org: USS ''Catawba''

* Yábar Acuña, Francisco (2001). ''Las Fuerzas Sútiles y la defensa de costa en la Guerra del Pacífico'', Fondo de Publicaciones Dirección de Intereses Marítimos.

External links

Battles involving Chile Battles involving Peru Battles of the War of the Pacific 1881 in Peru Maritime incidents in 1881 Scuttled vessels of Peru {{Peru-hist-stub