The Diocese of Jaca is a

Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade of the Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran , caption = Archbasilica of Saint Joh ...

ecclesiastical territory or

diocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associa ...

of the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

in the northeastern Spanish province of

Huesca Huesca (; an, Uesca) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and of the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. In 2009 it had a population of 52,059, almo ...

, part of the

autonomous community eu, autonomia erkidegoa ca, comunitat autònoma gl, comunidade autónoma oc, comunautat autonòma an, comunidat autonoma ast, comunidá autónoma , alt_name = , map = , category = Autonomous administra ...

Aragón Aragon ( , ; Spanish and an, Aragón ; ca, Aragó ) is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises th ...

. The diocese is a suffragan in the

ecclesiastical province An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction in Christian Churches with traditional hierarchical structure, including Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity. In general, an ecclesiastical province consists of seve ...

of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Pamplona y Tudela."Diocese of Jacao"
''

Catholic-Hierarchy.org ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org'' is an online database of bishops and dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Catholic Churches. The website is not officially sanctioned by the Church. It is run as a private project by David M. Cheney in ...

''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved November 30, 2016"Diocese of Jaca"
''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016 The territory of the Diocese of Jaca was originally administered by the

Diocese of Huesca The Diocese of Huesca (Latin, ''Oscensis'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church located in north-eastern Spain, in the province of Huesca, part of the autonomous community of Aragón. The Diocese of Huesca ...

, but after the Moorish conquest of

in 713 its bishops, (known as the itinerant "Bishops of Aragon"), moved to Aragon. The episcopal see was established in

Jaca Jaca (; in Aragonese: ''Chaca'' or ''Xaca'') is a city of northeastern Spain in the province of Huesca, located near the Pyrenees and the border with France. Jaca is an ancient fort on the Aragón River, situated at the crossing of two great ...

during 1063–96, then moved back to Huesca after king Pedro I of Aragon retook the city from the

Moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or ...

in November 1096. The Diocese of Jaca was created in 1572, carved out of the diocese of Huesca. Jaca cathedral is dedicated to aint Peter Consecrated in the late 11th century and altered in the 15th–18th centuries, it is Romanesque in its architectural style. The church of San Adrián de Sasabe, in Sasabe (also in Huesca province) was an earlier diocesan cathedral. A religious and civil festival is held on the first Friday of May, locally referred to as "''Primer Viernes de Mayo''", in memory of a victory said to have been won over the Moors in the 8th century by Count Aznar aided by the women of Jaca. It is celebrated with a solemn procession in which the entire cathedral chapter takes part. There are many

hermit A hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion. Eremitism plays a role in a variety of religions. Description In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Ch ...

ages around Jaca, but none more interesting than that of San Juan de la Peña, ensconced within a cave in the

Pyrenees The Pyrenees (; es, Pirineos ; french: Pyrénées ; ca, Pirineu ; eu, Pirinioak ; oc, Pirenèus ; an, Pirineus) is a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. It extends nearly from its union with the Cantabrian Mountains to ...

. This shrine was also a monastery, royal mausoleum and -allegedly- one of the many hiding places of the

Holy Grail The Holy Grail (french: Saint Graal, br, Graal Santel, cy, Greal Sanctaidd, kw, Gral) is a treasure that serves as an important motif in Arthurian literature. Various traditions describe the Holy Grail as a cup, dish, or stone with miracu ...

in the

middle ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

. It continues to be a stop along the Camino de Santiago for many pilgrims and tourists. In another cave, dedicated to La Virgen de la Cueva, locals gather annually to pay homage to "Our Lade of the Cave", a venerated shrine where Garcí Ximénez was proclaimed first King of Sobrarbe in the 8th century.

History

Jaca was once the capital of the

Iacetani The Iacetani or Jacetani (''iakketanoi'' in Greek, or la, iacetani) were a pre-Roman people who populated the area north of Aragon (Spain). They settled the Ebro valley, specifically in the area along the Pyrenees. Its capital was ''Iaca'' (now ...

, a tribe mentioned by Strabo. This territory was the scene of battles between

Sertorius Quintus Sertorius (c. 126 – 73 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who led a large-scale rebellion against the Roman Senate on the Iberian peninsula. He had been a prominent member of the populist faction of Cinna and Marius. During the l ...

and

Pompey Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (; 29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a leading Roman general and statesman. He played a significant role in the transformation of ...

and later between Pompey's son Sextus and

Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, an ...

's generals.

Itinerant bishops of Aragon (713–1063)

Ecclesiastically, Jaca originally belonged to the

. When in 713 the town of

was seized by the

, the bishop fled and the diocese was directed from Aragon by itinerant

bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is c ...

s, sometimes called bishops of Aragon, sometimes bishops of Huesca or Jaca, who lived either at Jaca or in the neighbouring monasteries of San Juan de la Peña, San Pedro de Siresa and San Adrián de Sasabe. Among the itinerant bishops of Aragon were: * c. 920: Iñigo * c. 922: Ferriolus * 933–947: Fortuño * 971–978: Aureolus * c. 981: Atón * 1011–1036: Mancius * 1036–1057: García * 1058–1075: Sancho

Jaca as seat of the bishops of Huesca (1063–1096)

* 1058–1075: Sancho * 1076–1086: García Ramírez * 1087–1097: Peter A council held at Jaca in 1063 determined anew the boundaries of the

, which thereafter included the present dioceses of Huesca, Jaca and

Barbastro Barbastro (Latin: ''Barbastrum'' or ''Civitas Barbastrensis'', Aragonese: ''Balbastro'') is a city in the Somontano county, province of Huesca, Spain. The city (also known originally as Barbastra or Bergiduna) is at the junction of the rivers Cin ...

, as well as a part of the Diocese of Lérida. Jaca was then made the permanent seat of the

. At the same time Sancho was appointed Bishop of Huesca (1058–1075) and hastened to request the Pope Alexander II to confirm the decisions of the council. In the same year of 1063, however, King Sancho Ramirez of Aragon (1063–1094) had won back from the Moors the city of

, and had granted it to the Bishop of Roda. García Ramírez, the new Bishop of Huesca (1076–1086) and brother of the king, regarded this as an infringement of the rights of jurisdiction granted the Bishop of Jaca by the Council of Jaca. He therefore renewed his petition to the new pope ( Gregory VII) to have the decisions of the council confirmed, which request the pope granted (cf. Jaffé, "Reg. Pont. Roman", I, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1885, n. 5098). As, however, Bishop Raimundo of Roda also obtained the confirmation of all his privileges from Gregory, a violent dispute arose between the Bishops of Huesca and Roda as to jurisdiction over the churches of Barbastro, Bielsa, Gistao and Alquezar, which in 1080 was decided by the king in favour of the Bishop of Roda.

The episcopal see returns to Huesca (1096–1572)

In November 1096, King Pedro I of Aragon took back

from the

and restored the original see. Pope Urban II decreed (May 11, 1098) that, instead of Jaca, Huesca should again be the seat of the bishop, as it had been until the year 713 (cf. Jaffé, "Reg. Pont. Roman", I, 2nd ed., Berlin, 1885, n. 5703). But Jaca itself had a separate existence under a vicar-general, independent of the Bishop of Huesca. It also retained its own cathedral chapter, which originally followed the Rule of St. Augustine, but in 1270 both this chapter and that of Huesca were secularized.

Diocese of Jaca (1572 to the present)

Jaca was again erected into a separate diocese and was made suffragan to the

Metropolitan See Metropolitan may refer to: * Metropolitan area, a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories * Metropolitan borough, a form of local government district in England * Metropolitan county, a ...

Zaragoza Zaragoza, also known in English as Saragossa,''Encyclopædia Britannica'"Zaragoza (conventional Saragossa)" is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributari ...

by a

Bull A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species ''Bos taurus'' (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e., cows), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, includin ...

Pope Pius V Pope Pius V ( it, Pio V; 17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572), born Antonio Ghislieri (from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri, O.P.), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1566 to his death in May 1572. He is v ...

(July 18, 1571), which decision was carried into effect on February 26, 1572. The first bishop was Pedro del Frago. According to the diocesan statistics of 1907 Jaca possessed 73,659 inhabitants, 151 parishes, 151 parish churches, 239 public and 10 private oratories, 236 secular priests, 30 regulars and 54

sisters A sister is a woman or a girl who shares one or more parents with another individual; a female sibling. The male counterpart is a brother. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to ...

. The religious institutes in the diocese are: *

Augustinian Hermits The Order of Saint Augustine, ( la, Ordo Fratrum Sancti Augustini) abbreviated OSA, is a religious mendicant order of the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1244 by bringing together several eremitical groups in the Tuscany region who were fo ...

, one

monastery A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone ( hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer whi ...

and novitiate; *

Piarists The Piarists (), officially named the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools ( la, Ordo Clericorum Regularium pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum), abbreviated SchP, is a religious order of clerics regular of the ...

, 2 houses for the training of boys; *

Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

nuns, 1 convent and 18 professed sisters in the city of Jaca; * Sisters of Mercy of St. Anna, who have charge of the hospital at Jaca; * Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Mary, 1 house at Jaca; sisters of Mercy of St. Vincent de Paul, with a school at Jaca; * Little Sisters of the Aged Poor, with a home for the aged in a suburb of Jaca.

Bishops of Jaca (1572 to the present)

# 1572–1577: Pedro del Frago #* 1577: Juan Pérez de Arneda (elected, did not assume) # 1578–1583: Gaspar Juan de la Figuera # 1584–1592: Pedro de Aragón # 1592–1594: Diego de Monreal # 1594–1606: Malaquías de Aso # 1607–1614: Tomás Cortés de Sangüesa # 1614–1615: Diego Ordóñez # 1615–1616:

Pedro Fernández Zorrilla Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for '' Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ...

# 1616–1617: Felipe Guimerán # 1617–1622: Luis Díez Aux de Armendáriz # 1623–1626: Juan Estelrich # 1627: José Palafox Palafox # 1628–1631: Álvaro de Mendoza (bishop)"Bishop Alvaro Mendoza, O.F.M."
''

''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved November 24, 2016 # 1631–1635: Vicente Domec # 1635–1646: Mauro de Villarroel # 1647–1648: Juan Domingo Briz de Trujillo # 1649–1652: Jerónimo de Ipenza # 1655–1671: Bartolomé de Fontcalda # 1671–1673: Andrés Aznar Navés Rafael Lazcano, ''Episcopologio agustiniano''. Agustiniana. Guadarrama (Madrid) 2014, vol. I, 440-445 # 1673–1674: José de Santolaria # 1677–1683: Bernardo Mateo Sánchez de Castellar # 1683–1704: Miguel de Frías Espintel # 1705–1717: Mateo Foncillos Mozárabe # 1717–1720: Francisco Polanco # 1721–1727: Miguel Estela # 1728: Antonio Sarmiento # 1728–1733: Pedro Espinosa de los Monteros # 1734–1738: Ramón Nogués # 1739–1750: Juan Domingo Manzano Carvajal # 1751–1755: Esteban Vilanova Colomer # 1756–1776: Pascual López Estaún # 1777–1779: Andrés Pérez Bermúdez # 1780–1784: Julián Gascueña # 1785–1802: José Antonio López Gil # 1803–1814: Lorenzo Algüero Ribera # 1815–1822: Cristóbal Pérez Viala # 1824–1828: Leonardo Santander Villavicencio # 1829–1831: Pedro Rodríguez Miranda # 1832–1847:

Manuel María Gómez de las Rivas Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name) * Manuel (Fawlty Towers), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Charlie Manuel, manager of the Philadelphia Phillies * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * M ...

# 1848–1851: Miguel García Cuesta # 1852–1856: Juan José Biec Belio # 1857–1870: Pedro Lucas Asensio Poves # 1874–1890: Ramón Fernández Lafita # 1891–1899: José López Mendoza y García # 1900–1904: Francisco Javier Valdés Noriega # 1904–1913: Antolín López Peláez # 1913–1920: Manuel de Castro Alonso # 1920–1925: Francisco Frutos Valiente # 1926–1943: Juan Villar Sanz # 1946–1950: José Bueno y Monreal # 1950–1978: Ángel Hidalgo Ibáñez # 1978–1983: Juan Angel Belda Dardiñá # 1984–1989: Rosendo Álvarez Gastón # 1990–2001: José María Conget Arizaleta #* 2001–2003:

Juan José Omella Omella ''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanish, t ...

(Apostolic Administrator) # 2003–2009: Jesús Sanz Montes # 2010–: Julián Ruiz Martorell

Notes

References

This article draws only from other Wikipedia articles and these four sources: *

Catholic Encyclopedia The ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'' (also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedia'') i ...

, 1910
Diocese of Jaca
an

* IBERCRONOX

an