Birzeit Uni AlQuds

Birzeit ( ar, بيرزيت), also Bir Zeit, is a Palestinian Christian town north of Ramallah, in the central West Bank. Its population in the 2007 census was 4,529. Birzeit is the home to Birzeit University and to the Birzeit Brewery.

Location

Bir Zeit is located north of Ramallah. It is bordered by Jifna and Ein Siniya to the east, 'Atara to the north, Burham, Kobar and Al-Zaytouneh to the west, and Abu Qash to the south.

History

Sherds from the Iron Age II, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Mamluk eras have been found.Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 426About Birzeit
, Holy Land Christian Ecumenical Foundation

West of the town, at ''Khirbat Bir Zait'', sherds have been found from Iron Age I to early Ottoman era.Finkelstein et al, 1997, p. 417 Here are the remains of a building which have been dated to the Crusader era. Guérin first noted the remains of a buildings 50 paces on each side. He thought it could be from the Byzantine era, or later.

Ottoman era

The village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers under the name of ''Bir Zayt'', as being in the '' nahiya'' of Jabal Quds in the ''liwa'' of Quds, with a population of 26 households. The inhabitants of the village paid taxes on wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards, fruit trees, and goats and/or beehives; a total of 6,600 akçe.

In 1838 it was noted as a small Christian village, north-west of Jifna.

The French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in July 1863. He found it to have a population of 1,800 inhabitants, of those 140 were Latin Catholics, the others were " schismatic Greeks" and Muslims. The Catholic parish was administered by a young French missionary, Father Joly. The irrigated gardens were well grown, and the soil naturally fertile. It abounded in vines, figs and pears. He also noted some beautiful walnut trees.

Socin, citing an official Ottoman village list compiled around 1870, noted that ''Bir Zet'' as having 73 houses and a male population of 250. Of this, 75 men in 20 houses were Muslim, while 175 men in 53 houses were "Latin" Christian.

In 1882, the PEF's '' Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) described Bir Zeit as "a Christian village of moderate size, containing a Greek Church and a Latin Church, with a well to the north, and olives round it." The red-tiled roof of the Latin Church on top of the ridge was a conspicuous feature in the landscape.

In 1896 the population of ''Bir ez-zet'' was estimated to be about 786 Christians and 192 Muslims.

In 1906, a British missionary of the Church Missionary Society wrote about an outbreak of cholera in Birzeit thirty years before that began when the mother of a young man who died of cholera in Nablus washed his clothes in the village spring. The disease quickly spread and within a week killed 30 people out of a population of 200–300. The epidemic ended when a village elder ordered the entire population to camp in their vineyards. Three men remained to bury the dead and there were no further victims. The author felt that the incident was notable "as there was no European hand in it from first to last, and it shows what the Fellahin are capable of under wise and energetic native guidance."

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the village, called ''Bair Zait,'' had a total population of 896; 119 Muslims and 777 Christian;Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p
16
/ref> 399 Orthodox, 253 Roman Catholics and 125 Anglicans.Barron, 1923, Table XIV, p
45
/ref> In the 1931 census, the village had 251 occupied houses and a total population of 1233; 362 Muslims and 871 Christians.Mills, 1932, p
48
/ref>

In the 1945 statistics the population was 1,560; 570 Muslims and 990 Christians,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p
26
while the total land area was 14,088 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 6,908 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 2,414 for cereals, while 402 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements

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