Biblidinae is a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

nymphalid The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the

Limenitidinae The Limenitidinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes the admirals and relatives. The common names of many species and genera reference military ranks or – namely the Adoliadini – titles of nobility (e.g., count, duke, earl, ...

, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, this subfamily is sometimes called Eurytelinae. As of 2008, some 340 valid species are in this subfamily, placed in 38 genera. Most species of Biblidinae are

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bioge ...

, but there are some Old World species and genera in the tribes Biblidini and Epicaliini.

Systematics

The Biblidinae are a taxonomically stable

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

group, at least since the "

wastebin genus Wastebasket taxon (also called a wastebin taxon, dustbin taxon or catch-all taxon) is a term used by some taxonomists to refer to a taxon that has the sole purpose of classifying organisms that do not fit anywhere else. They are typically define ...

" '' Catagramma'' was dismantled around 1950. The tribes, in the presumed

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

sequence and with notable genera also listed here, are: The higher classification of Nymphalidae, at Nymphalidae.net
/ref> Biblidini Boisduval, 1833 * ''

Biblis Biblis is a municipality in the Bergstraße district in southern Hessen, Germany. Geography Location The municipality lies in the Rhine rift west of the Odenwald between Darmstadt to the north and Mannheim to the south; it also lies north of ...

'' Fabricius, 1807 (= ''Zonaga'') * ''

Ariadne Ariadne (; grc-gre, Ἀριάδνη; la, Ariadne) was a Cretan princess in Greek mythology. She was mostly associated with mazes and labyrinths because of her involvement in the myths of the Minotaur and Theseus. She is best known for having ...

'' Horsfield, 1829 (= ''Ergolis'') * '' Laringa'' Moore, 1901 * ''

Eurytela ''Eurytela'' is a genus of nymphalid butterfly, commonly called pipers, found in Africa.

'' Boisduval, 1833 * '' Neptidopsis'' Aurivillius, 1898 * ''

Mesoxantha ''Mesoxantha'' is a genus of Nymphalidae, nymphalid butterflies.Byblia'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Hypanis'' Boisduval, 1833 (''non'' Pander in Menetries, 1832:

preoccupied The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linn ...

)) * ''

Mestra In Greek mythology, Mestra ( grc, Μήστρα, ''Mēstra'') was a daughter of Erysichthon of Thessaly. Antoninus Liberalis called Mestra as Hypermestra while Erysichthon as Aethon. Family Mestra was the mother of King Eurypylus of Cos by Pose ...

'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Cystineura'') * '' Archimestra'' Munroe, 1949 * '' Vila'' Kirby, 1871 (= ''Lonia'', ''Neptis'' Hübner, 1819 (''non'' Fabricius, 1807:

), ''Olina'' Doubleday, 1848 (''non'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830:

)) Epicaliini Guenée, 1865 * ''

Catonephele ''Catonephele'' is a nymphalid butterfly genus found in Mexico, Central America, South America, and the West Indies. Species Listed alphabetically:819/small> * ''

Nessaea ''Nessaea'' is a genus of nymphalid butterflies found in the Neotropical realm. Unlike virtually all other butterflies with blue coloration, the blue colors in this genus are due to pigmentation terobilin (biliverdin IXγ)ref>Doug Taron"It's all ...

'' Hübner, 819/small> * '' Myscelia'' Doubleday, 1844 (= ''Sagaritis'' Hübner, 1821 (''non'' Billberg, 1820:

), ''Sea'') * ''

Sevenia ''Sevenia'', commonly called tree nymphs, is a genus of forest butterflies in the family Nymphalidae that, as larvae, feed on plants of the family Euphorbiaceae. There are fourteen species from continental Africa and two (or three) species from ...

'' Koçak, 1996 (= ''Crenis'' Boisduval, 1833 (''non'' Hübner, 1821:

), ''Sallya'' Hemming, 1964 (''non'' Yochelson, 1956:

)) * '' Eunica'' Hübner, 819/small> * '' Cybdelis'' Boisduval, 1836 Ageroniini Doubleday, 1847 * '' Hamadryas'' – cracker butterflies, calico butterflies * '' Ectima'' Doubleday, 1848 * ''

Panacea In Greek mythology, Panacea (Greek ''Πανάκεια'', Panakeia), a goddess of universal remedy, was the daughter of Asclepius and Epione. Panacea and her four sisters each performed a facet of Apollo's art: * Panacea (the goddess of univers ...

'' Godman & Salvin, 1883 (= ''Pandora'' Doubleday, 1848 (''non'' Lamarck, 1799:

)) * ''

Batesia ''Batesia'' is a genus of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel ...

'' Felder & Felder, 1862 Epiphilini Jenkins, 1987 * '' Asterope'' Hübner, 819/small> * '' Pyrrhogyra'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Corybas'') * '' Epiphile'' Doubleday, 1844 * '' Lucinia'' Hübner, 1823 (= ''Autodea'') * '' Bolboneura'' Godman & Salvin, 1877 * '' Temenis'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Callicorina'', ''Paromia'' Hewitson, 1861 (''non'' Westwood, 1851:

)) * ''

Nica Nica or NICA may refer to: * Nīca, a village in Latvia * Nica, the name in some languages of Nice, a French city * Nica is an adjective which may refer to: ** Nicaragua ** Nicaraguan people * Nica Airlines, an alternate name for Nicaragüense de ...

'' Hübner, 1826 (= ''Pseudonica'') * '' Peria'' Kirby, 1871 (= ''Pelia'' Doubleday, 1849 (''non'' Bell, 1836:

)) Eubagini Burmeister, 1878 * '' Dynamine'' Hübner, 1819 (= ''Arisba'', ''Eubagis'', ''Sironia'') Callicorini Orfila, 1952 – eighty-eights and relatives * ''

Diaethria ''Diaethria'' is a brush-footed butterfly genus found in the Neotropical realm, ranging from Mexico to Paraguay. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights like the related genera ''Callicore'' and ''Perisama'', in reference to the ...

'' Billberg, 1820 * ''

Callicore ''Callicore'' is a genus of nymphalid butterfly found in the Neotropical realm. This genus, like some related ones, was formerly lumped together as the paraphyletic ''Catagramma'' assemblage. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-e ...

'' Hübner, 819/small> * '' Perisama'' Doubleday, 1849 (= ''Orophila'') * '' Antigonis'' Felder, 1861 (= ''Lincoya'') * '' Cyclogramma'' Doubleday 1847 * '' Haematera'' Doubleday, 1849 (= ''Callidula'') * '' Paulogramma'' Dillon, 1948 * '' Catacore'' Dillon, 1948

References

Sources

* Hill, R. I., Penz, C. M., & DeVries, P. J. (2002). Phylogenetic analysis and review of ''Panacea'' and ''Batesia'' butterflies (Nymphalidae). ''Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society'', 56, 199-215. * Jenkins, D. W. (1983). Neotropical Nymphalidae. I. Revision of ''Hamadryas''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum'', 81, 1-146. * Jenkins, D. W. (1984). Neotropical Nymphalidae. II. Revision of ''Myscelia''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville)'', 87, 1-64. * Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. III. Revision of ''Catonephele''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology'', 92, 1-65. * Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. IV. Revision of ''Ectima''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville)'', 95, 1-30. * Jenkins, D. W. (1986). Neotropical Nymphalidae. V. Revision of ''Epiphile''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville)'', 101, 1-70. * Jenkins, D. W. (1987). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VI. Revision of ''Asterope'' (=Callithea Auct.). ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology'', 114, 1-66. * Jenkins, D. W. (1989). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VII. Revision of ''Nessaea''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville)'', 125, 1-38. * Jenkins, D. W. (1990). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of ''Eunica''. ''Bulletin of the Allyn Museum'', 131, 1-177.

External links

The higher classification of Nymphalidae, at Nymphalidae.net

at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'': Preliminary species list. Version of 18 March 2007. Retrieved 30 May 2007.

Misspelled as Biblinae. Images. In Japanese but with

binomial name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

s. {{Taxonbar, from=Q794596 - Taxa named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval Butterfly subfamilies