Beyliks of Canik ( tr, Canik beylikleri ) is a name given to a group of small Turkoman principalities in northern

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Anthony Bryer Anthony Applemore Mornington Bryer (31 October 1937 – 22 October 2016) FSA FRHistS was a British historian of the Byzantine Empire and founder of the Centre for Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies at the University of Birmingham. Bio ...

connects the toponyme Chanik with the name "Chani" which the

Laz people The Laz people, or Lazi ( lzz, ლაზი ''Lazi''; ka, ლაზი, ''lazi''; or ჭანი, ''ch'ani''; tr, Laz), are an indigenous ethnic group who mainly live in Black Sea coastal regions of Black Sea Region, Turkey and Georgia (countr ...

call themselves.

Background

After the

battle of Kösedağ A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

in 1243, the

Ilkhanid Mongols The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm ...

achieved a hegemony over Anatolia. The

Seljuk Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (di ...

sultans became the puppets of Ilkhanids and the former generals of Seljuks as well as Turkoman tribes within Seljuk realm who accepted the suzerainty of Ilkhanids, established themselves as semi independent principalities called beylik. However, the middle

Black Sea region The Black Sea Region ( tr, Karadeniz Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Samsun. Other big cities are Trabzon, Ordu, Tokat, Giresun, Rize, Amasya and Sinop. It is bordered by the Marmara Region to the ...

of Anatolia lacked a dominant leader, and a series of beyliks emerged, ruled by the members of the same family. Those beyliks were smaller than the beyliks in the other regions of Anatolia and they were nominal vassals of

Eretna Ala al-Din Eretna (or Eretne, also Artanā) was a Mongol officer of Uyghur origin in the service of Timurtash, the Ilkhanid governor of Anatolia. He later became the last Mongol governor of Anatolia himself and forged his own principality and dy ...

. They lived in a frequent warfare and their history is highly turbulent. Historians call all of them Beyliks of Canik. (Nowadays Canik is the name of a mountain system in the Middle Black Sea region as well as one of the second level municipalities of Greater

Samsun Samsun, historically known as Sampsounta ( gr, Σαμψούντα) and Amisos (Ancient Greek: Αμισός), is a List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, city on the north coast of Turkey and is a major Black Sea port. In 2021, Samsun reco ...

)

The beyliks

In the following table the names usually refer to the founder of the beylik, (where the suffix ''"...oğulları"'' means "sons of") with the exception of

Bafra Bafra is a district of Samsun Province of Turkey. It is a settlement located from the Black Sea, in the fertile delta of the Kızılırmak River. The Bafra Plain is famous in Turkey for its rich soil and high quality tobacco growing conditions. ...

which is the name of the capital city of the beylik. All of the beyliks were incorporated in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

The monarchs

Some members of the dynasties are:Yılmaz Öztuna:''Devletler ve Hanedanlar'', Kültür bakanlığı, 1996, pp.86-87 :Kutluşah: *Hacı Kutlu Şah Bey (1340-1361) *Hacı Şâdgeldi Bey (1361-1381) *Fahrüddîn Ahmed Bey (1381-1393) :Tacettinoğulları (Tâcüddînoğulları) *Tâcüddîn Doğan Şah (1308-1346) *Tâcüddîn Bey (1346-1387) *Mahmud Çelebi (1387-1423) *Hüsâmüddîn Hasan Bey (1423-1425) :Hacıemiroğulları (Bayramoğulları) *Hacı Bayram Bey (1313-1331) *Hacı Emir Bey (1331-1361) *Süleyman Bey (1386-1392)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Canik, Beyliks of Anatolian beyliks

States in medieval Anatolia State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

History of Samsun Province Historical Turkic states History of Amasya Province 1300s establishments in Asia 1460 disestablishments in Asia Chepni people