Betty Wilson Steiner-Conduit (1920 – February 16, 1994) was a Canadian

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians and evaluate patients to determine whether their sy ...

. Steiner was the first head of the Gender Identity Clinic at the

Clarke Institute of Psychiatry The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (College Street site) is a psychiatric hospital in Toronto, Ontario. It is located at 250 College Street, just east of Spadina Avenue. Much of its work focuses on forensic psychology, sex addiction, drug ...

.Millar, Cal (February 17, 1994). Fumes kill psychiatrist, husband clings to life. Car left running in garage of Rosedale home. ''

Toronto Star The ''Toronto Star'' is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper. The newspaper is the country's largest daily newspaper by circulation. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of Torstar Corporation and part ...

'' She is known for her work with

transgender A transgender (often abbreviated as trans) person is someone whose gender identity or gender expression does not correspond with their sex assigned at birth. Many transgender people experience dysphoria, which they seek to alleviate through tr ...

and

intersex Intersex people are individuals born with any of several sex characteristics including chromosome patterns, gonads, or genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical bina ...

people.Kirkwood Leone (January 27, 1973). Work described with children having 2 sexes. ''

The Globe and Mail ''The Globe and Mail'' is a Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in western and central Canada. With a weekly readership of approximately 2 million in 2015, it is Canada's most widely read newspaper on weekdays and Saturdays, although it ...

Life and career

After completing her education in 1958, Steiner was appointed psychiatrist at the

Women's College Hospital Women's College Hospital is a teaching hospital in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at the north end of Hospital Row, a section of University Avenue where several major hospitals are located. It currently functions as an independe ...

.Haworth, Eric (May 9, 1963). The bright promise of the professions. The Woman's Globe and Mail section of ''

'' She then took an appointment at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry.

Central Press Association The Central Press Association was American newspaper syndication company based in Cleveland, Ohio. It was in business from 1910 to 1971. Originally independent, it was a subsidiary of King Features Syndicate from 1930 onwards. At its peak, the ...

(February 17, 1968). Doctor discusses abortions. ''

The Calgary Herald The ''Calgary Herald'' is a daily newspaper published in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Publication began in 1883 as ''The Calgary Herald, Mining and Ranche Advocate, and General Advertiser''. It is owned by the Postmedia Network. History ''The C ...

'' In 1985 she edited ''Gender Dysphoria'', and in 1990, she co-edited ''Clinical management of gender identity disorders in children and adults'' with

Ray Blanchard Ray Milton Blanchard ( ; born October 9, 1945) is an American-Canadian sexologist, best known for his research studies on transsexualism, pedophilia and sexual orientation. He found that men with more older brothers are more likely to be gay tha ...

. Steiner-Conduit married marketing executive Andrew Conduit in 1988.Barnes, Alan (March 3, 1994). Andrew Conduit, 80, held top post at Reader's Digest. ''

'' She and her husband died of

carbon monoxide poisoning Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. Symptoms are often described as "flu-like" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Large e ...

after leaving a car running in their garage. Steiner-Conduit was declared dead at the scene; Conduit died ten days later.Millar, Cal (February 26, 1994). Car-fumes accident claims second life. ''

Selected publications

*Blanchard R, Steiner BW (eds.) (1990). ''Clinical management of gender identity disorders in children and adults.'' American Psychiatric Press, *Blanchard R, Steiner BW, Clemmensen LH, Dickey R (1989). Prediction of regrets in postoperative transsexuals. '' Can J Psychiatry''. 1989 Feb;34(1):43-5. *Blanchard R, Clemmensen LH, Steiner BW (1987). Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria. '' Arch Sex Behav''. 1987 Apr;16(2):139-52. *Blanchard R, Rachansky I, Steiner B (1986). Phallometric detection of fetishistic arousal in heterosexual male cross-dressers. ''

Journal of Sex Research The ''Journal of Sex Research'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the study of human sexuality and the field of sexology in general. It is published by Routledge on behalf of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality. In 1963, th ...

'', 22, 1986: 452-462. *Blanchard R, Clemmensen LH, Steiner BW (1985). Social desirability response set and systematic distortion in the self-report of adult male gender patients. '' Arch Sex Behav''. 1985 Dec;14(6):505-16. *Steiner BW (ed.) (1985) ''Gender dysphoria: development, research, management.'' Plenum Press, *Blanchard R, Steiner BW, Clemmensen LH (1985). Gender dysphoria, gender reorientation, and the clinical management of transsexualism. '' J Consult Clin Psychol''. 1985 Jun;53(3):295-304. *Blanchard R, McConkey JG, Roper V, Steiner BW (1983). Measuring physical aggressiveness in heterosexual, homosexual, and transsexual males. '' Arch Sex Behav''. 1983 Dec;12(6):511-24. *Blanchard R, Clemmensen LH, Steiner BW (1983). Gender reorientation and psychosocial adjustment in male-to-female transsexuals. '' Arch Sex Behav''. 1983 Dec;12(6):503-9. *Freund K, Steiner BW, Chan S (1982). Two types of cross-gender identity. '' Arch Sex Behav''. 1982 Feb;11(1):49-63. *Steiner BW (1981). From Sappho to Stand: historical perspective on crossdressing and cross gender. '' Can J Psychiatry''. 1981 Nov;26(7):502-6. *Steiner BW, Bernstein SM (1981). Female-to-male transsexuals and their partners. '' Can J Psychiatry''. 1981 Apr;26(3):178-82. *Bernstein SM, Steiner BW, Glaister JT, Muir CF (1981). Changes in patients with gender-identity problems after parental death. ''

Am J Psychiatry ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of psychiatry, and is the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association. The first volume was issued in 1844, at which time it was ...

''. 1981 Jan;138(1):41-5. *Steiner BW, Satterberg JA, Muir CF (1978). Flight into femininity. The male menopause? '' Can Psychiatr Assoc J''. 1978 Oct;23(6):405-10. *Bradley SJ, Steiner B, Zucker K, Doering RW, Sullivan J, Finegan JK, Richardson M (1978). Gender identity problems of children and adolescents: the establishment of a special clinic. '' Can Psychiatr Assoc J''. 1978 Apr;23(3):175-83. *Freund K, Langevin R, Satterberg J, Steiner B (1977). Extension of the Gender Identity Scale for Males. '' Arch Sex Behav''. 1977 Nov;6(6):507-19. *Langevin R, Paitich D, Steiner B (1977). The clinical profile of male transsexuals living as females vs. those living as males. '' Arch Sex Behav''. 1977 Mar;6(2):143-54. *Nelson C, Paitich D, Steiner BW (1976). Medicolegal aspects of transsexualism. '' Can Psychiatr Assoc J''. 1976 Dec;21(8):557-64. *Garfinkel PE, Steiner BW, Hunter RC (1974). The processes of psychiatric residency training. II. Trainees who drop out. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1974 Apr;19(2):201-6. *Steiner BW, Garfinkel PE, Hunter RC (1974). The processes of psychiatric residency training. I. Selection of trainees and the outcome of training. '' Can Psychiatr Assoc J''. 1974 Apr;19(2):193-200. *Freund K, Nagler E, Langevin R, Zajac A, Steiner B (1974). Measuring feminine gender identity in homosexual males. ''

Archives of Sexual Behavior The ''Archives of Sexual Behavior'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal in sexology. It is the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research. History The journal was established in 1971 by Richard Green, who served as its ed ...

'', 3, 1974: 249-260. *Freund K, Langevin R, Zajac Y, Steiner B, Zajac A (1974). Parent-child relations in transsexual and non-transsexual homosexual males. '' Br J Psychiatry''. 1974 Jan;124(578):22-3. *Freund K, Langevin R, Zajac Y, Steiner B, Zajac A (1974). The trans-sexual syndrome in homosexual males. '' J Nerv Ment Dis''. 1974 Feb;158(2):145-53. *Steiner BW, Zajac AS, Mohr JW (1974). A gender identity project. The organization of a multidisciplinary study. '' Can Psychiatr Assoc J''. 1974 Feb;19(1):7-12. *Steiner BW (1973). The crisis of middle age. '' Can Med Assoc J''. 1973 Nov 17;109(10):1017-8 passim.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Steiner, Betty 1920 births 1994 deaths Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning