Bernate Ticino (
Milanes
Milanese (endonym in traditional orthography , ') is the central variety of the Western dialect of the Lombard language spoken in Milan, the rest of its metropolitan city, and the northernmost part of the province of Pavia. Milanese, due to t ...
e: , locally ) is a ''
comune
The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...
'' (municipality) in the
Metropolitan City of Milan
The Metropolitan City of Milan ( it, città metropolitana di Milano; lmo, label=Milanese, cittaa metropolitana de Milan ) is a metropolitan city (not to be confused with the metropolitan area) in the Lombardy region, Italy. It is the second mos ...
in the northern
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
region
Lombardy
Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...
, located about west of
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
.
The town is located by the
Ticino
Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...
river and it is crossed by the
Naviglio Grande
The Naviglio Grande is a canal in Lombardy, northern Italy, connecting the Ticino river near Tornavento ( south of Sesto Calende) to the Porta Ticinese dock, also known as the ''Darsena'', in Milan. It drops over . It varies in width from from ...
. In 2005 a small Roman necropolis, including 12 tombs, has been found in Bernate's territory.
Geography
Territory
![Bernate 03](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Bernate_03.jpg)
Bernate is located at east of
Ticino (river)
The river Ticino ( , ; lmo, Tesín; French language, French and german: Tessin; la, Ticīnus) is the most important perennial left-bank tributary of the Po (river), Po. It has given its name to the Canton of Ticino, Swiss canton through which it ...
and at west of
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
, capital of
Province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
, from which it is about 30 kilometers far away. It borders: to the north
Cuggiono
Cuggiono ( lmo, Cugiònn ) is a small Italian town and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Milan, west of Milan on the Motorway A4 to Turin, gate of Marcallo-Mesero.
American baseball player Yogi Berra's parents were from there. Italian sing ...
(through the hamlet of Casate), to the east
Mesero
Mesero (; lmo, label=Milanese, Mesar ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about west of Milan.
Mesero borders the following municipalities: Inveruno, Cuggiono, Ossona, Marca ...
and
Marcallo con Casone
Marcallo con Casone (Milanese: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about west of Milan.
Marcallo con Casone borders the following municipalities: Ossona, Mesero, Santo Stefan ...
, to the south
Boffalora sopra Ticino
Boffalora sopra Ticino (Milanese: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italy, Italian region Lombardy, located about west of Milan.
Boffalora sopra Ticino borders the following municipalities: Marcallo con Ca ...
and to the west with the Piedmont territory of
Romentino.
The town is divided into two distinct areas: a central-western one, containing the city center but characterized by less dense settlements and with the presence of forest vegetation that extends up to the Parco del Ticino, and an eastern one by greater urbanized presence. The two areas are substantially separated by the
Naviglio Grande
The Naviglio Grande is a canal in Lombardy, northern Italy, connecting the Ticino river near Tornavento ( south of Sesto Calende) to the Porta Ticinese dock, also known as the ''Darsena'', in Milan. It drops over . It varies in width from from ...
and are connected by a historic seventeenth-century bridge.
The most recent residential settlements extend to the western and western extremities of the town, while the industrial area is gathered in a wide area on the western side of the town, at the border with the municipality of
Boffalora sopra Ticino
Boffalora sopra Ticino (Milanese: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italy, Italian region Lombardy, located about west of Milan.
Boffalora sopra Ticino borders the following municipalities: Marcallo con Ca ...
.
Geology and Hydrography
Morphologically, the territory of Bernate Ticino is characterized by the typical environment of the
Pianura Padana
The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain ( it, Pianura Padana , or ''Val Padana'') is a major geographical feature of Northern Italy. It extends approximately in an east-west direction, with an area of including its Venetic ex ...
but it is articulated between high ground, descending areas in correspondence of the banks of the watercourses and marshy areas. The average altitude is 130
m s.m.l. A characteristic aspect of the hydrography of Bernate Ticino is the presence of the
Naviglio Grande
The Naviglio Grande is a canal in Lombardy, northern Italy, connecting the Ticino river near Tornavento ( south of Sesto Calende) to the Porta Ticinese dock, also known as the ''Darsena'', in Milan. It drops over . It varies in width from from ...
and of the
Ticino (river)
The river Ticino ( , ; lmo, Tesín; French language, French and german: Tessin; la, Ticīnus) is the most important perennial left-bank tributary of the Po (river), Po. It has given its name to the Canton of Ticino, Swiss canton through which it ...
in the westernmost part of the town. Bernate Ticino is also part of the Polo dei Navigli established by the
Province of Milan
The Province of Milan ( it, Provincia di Milano) was a province in the Lombardy region, Italy. Its capital was the city of Milan. The area of the former province is highly urbanized, with more than 2,000 inhabitants/km2, the third highest populati ...
.
History
Roman Age
Archaeological excavations conducted by the Soprintendenza Archeologica della Lombardia in
2005
File:2005 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico; the Funeral of Pope John Paul II is held in Vatican City; "Me at the zoo", the first video ever to be uploaded to YouTube; Eris was discovered in ...
have brought to light a
necropolis
A necropolis (plural necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'', literally meaning "city of the dead".
The term usually im ...
consisting of twelve
inhumation
Burial, also known as interment or inhumation, is a method of final disposition whereby a dead body is placed into the ground, sometimes with objects. This is usually accomplished by excavating a pit or trench, placing the deceased and objec ...
tombs of
late Roman
Late may refer to:
* LATE, an acronym which could stand for:
** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia
** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law
** Local average treatment effect, ...
age and a single burial of the first century A.D.
Analysis of the evidence suggests that the small community must have had an
economy
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the ...
based on
agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to ...
and
trade
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market.
An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct excha ...
.
Given the good quality of the material that it has been found, it can be assumed that the inhabitants must have enjoyed a certain wealth.
The Middle Ages
![Bernate 01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Bernate_01.jpg)
The town of Bernate was in the past in the territory of the
province of Pavia
The province of Pavia ( it, Provincia di Pavia) is a province in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy; its capital is Pavia. , the province has a population of 548,722 inhabitants and an area of ; the town of Pavia has a population of 72,205. ...
, but at the time of the land register of
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). ...
it was part of the Pieve of Corbetta in the territory of the
Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan ( it, Ducato di Milano; lmo, Ducaa de Milan) was a state in northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had been ruling the city sin ...
. Towards the middle of the eighteenth century Bernate also included the localities of Casate and Rubone. In the Middle Ages Bernate was called Brinate as it appears from a map of
1045, remembered by Giorgio Giulini (Memorie ecc. 1ª ed. Vol III, p. 427) in which
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry III (28 October 1016 – 5 October 1056), called the Black or the Pious, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1046 until his death in 1056. A member of the Salian dynasty, he was the eldest son of Conrad II and Gisela of Swabia.
Henry was raised by ...
, confirmed to the monks of S.Dionigi in
Milano
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city has ...
the abbey with the church of S.Maria in Solariolo and some other lands. Important in those centuries was a castle, mentioned in a paper of
1098
Year 1098 ( MXCVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
First Crusade
* February 9 – Battle of the Lake of Antioch: The Crusaders under Bohemond I ...
containing a sale for 40 pounds of money that Algerio son of Vallone of Brinate had made to Ariberto priest. In this sale he had included all his properties, goods and rights that he owned in
Inveruno
Inveruno ( lmo, Inverun or ''Invrugn'' is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about west of Milan.
Inveruno borders the following municipalities: Buscate, Busto Garolfo, Ar ...
and
Trecate
Trecate is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin and about east of Novara.
It harbors a major refinery complex for fuels and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), serving ...
and in the place of Bernate except for the castle. Giulini handed us also the
will
Will may refer to:
Common meanings
* Will and testament, instructions for the disposition of one's property after death
* Will (philosophy), or willpower
* Will (sociology)
* Will, volition (psychology)
* Will, a modal verb - see Shall and will
...
that the priest Ariberto, buyer of the above mentioned funds made some months later (January
1099). In the will it is stated that the mother of the defunct Algerio, called Otta, was
usufructuary
Usufruct () is a limited real right (or ''in rem'' right) found in civil-law and mixed jurisdictions that unites the two property interests of ''usus'' and ''fructus'':
* ''Usus'' (''use'') is the right to use or enjoy a thing possessed, directl ...
of all those goods until her death. Of the property of the same goods, except the port on the
fiume Ticino, he made two parts: "the first one he ordered that it was a portion of the church of
Saint George
Saint George (Greek: Γεώργιος (Geórgios), Latin: Georgius, Arabic: القديس جرجس; died 23 April 303), also George of Lydda, was a Christian who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to tradition he was a soldier ...
of Bernate that belonged to the monastery of San Vincenzo of
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
, and the second one was the other portions of the same church that were not subject to patronage of any person". To this period are the information about the Crivelli family. It is in fact in the year
1150 that Giovanni of the
Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
The Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio (official name: ''Basilica romana minore collegiata abbaziale prepositurale di Sant'Ambrogio'') is a church in the center of Milan, northern Italy.
History
One of the most ancient churches in Milan, it was built by ...
invested Domenico, Pietro, Pastore and Gualla Crivelli of the banks, gravels and woods that are in the territories of Brinasca (otherwise Bernate) and Cusionno (Cuggiono). The authority of the Crivelli family enlarged therefore to two feuds. It was in
1186, when on the papal throne sat with the name of
Pope Urban III
Pope Urban III ( la, Urbanus III; died 20 October 1187), born Uberto Crivelli, reigned from 25 November 1185 to his death in 1187.
Early career
Crivelli was born in Cuggiono, Italy as the son of Guala Crivelli and had four brothers: Pietro, D ...
Uberto Crivelli who took place the foundation of the regular rectory at the church of Saint George. On 25 November
1186 Urban III addressed with a seal the parish of S. Maria di Crescenzago; after having explained that the church of Saint George di Brinate, founded on a paternal land was deprived of goods and of possessions, he assigned to the church of Saint George the goods bought by the nuns of
Caronno except the port and the gravel of Ticino river, and those he had bought from the monks of San Vincenzo or from the soldiers of
Arconate
Arconate ( lmo, Arconaa or ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about northwest of Milan.
Arconate borders the following municipalities: Dairago, Buscate, Busto Garolfo, I ...
or from those of Dugnano. With such an abundance of goods, he founded at the church of Bernate the canonical congregation according to the rule of
Saint Augustine
Augustine of Hippo ( , ; la, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Af ...
.
From modern times to today
In 1786 the district of Bernate was inserted in the Province of Pavia. In the Napoleonic age the district was aggregated to the one of
Boffalora and then it was made independent again under the Austrians.
Until 1862 the town maintained the denomination of Bernate and then assumed that of Bernate Ticino with R.D. 14 December 1862, n. 1059.
In more recent times, the village appeared in the movie ''
L'albero degli zoccoli
''The Tree of Wooden Clogs'' () is a 1978 Italian film written and directed by Ermanno Olmi. The film concerns Lombard peasant life in a ''cascina'' (farmhouse) of the late 19th century. It has some similarities with the earlier Italian neoreal ...
'' of 1978 of the director
Ermanno Olmi
Ermanno Olmi (24 July 1931 – 7 May 2018)Lane, John Francis (May 7, 2018).Ermanno Olmi obituary. ''The Guardian''. theguardian.com. Retrieved 11 May 2018. was an Italian film director and screenwriter.
Biography
Olmi was born to a Catholic ...
where, in a shot along the
Naviglio Grande
The Naviglio Grande is a canal in Lombardy, northern Italy, connecting the Ticino river near Tornavento ( south of Sesto Calende) to the Porta Ticinese dock, also known as the ''Darsena'', in Milan. It drops over . It varies in width from from ...
you can clearly see the dome of the parish church and the medieval bell tower.
Climate
The climate in Bernate Ticino is mild, and generally warm and temperate. Bernate Ticino has a significant amount of rainfall during the year. This is true even for the driest month. The climate here is classified as Cfa by the Köppen-Geiger system. The average temperature in Bernate Ticino is 13.2 °C , 55.8 °F. In a year, the rainfall is 1301 mm , 51.2 inch. Precipitation is the lowest in January, with an average of 66 mm , 2.6 inch. With an average of 168 mm , 6.6 inch, the most precipitation falls in November. At an average temperature of 24.0 °C , 75.3 °F, July is the hottest month of the year. January has the lowest average temperature of the year, 2.6 °C , 36.6 °F.
Etymology of the name
The etymology of the name of Bernate Ticino is uncertain. According to some studies the name would derive from the
Latin language
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
''prunetum'' meant as a place for the cultivation of plums, then transformed with the late Latin into the suffix ''brunetum''. According to other sources the name would be traced back to the Latin proper name ''Berinus''.
see here
/ref> Another hypothesis is that the name would derive from Castrum Brinati (fourth century AD), i.e., the Roman name of a fortified area to guard a port on the Ticino river. The village is mentioned with the name of Brinate in a patent of the emperor Henry III in 1045. In those times it represented a "strong place" equipped with a castle, as the place was a passage towards the Ticino and towards Turbigo
Turbigo (Milanese: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about west of Milan, along the Naviglio Grande canal. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,486 and an area of .
Tur ...
and therefore it was militarily important to keep the movements of civilians and soldiers under control through appropriate structures.
Festivals and Folklore Events
The main religious event in Bernate is the Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary
The Feast of the Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary is an optional memorial celebrated in the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church on 12 September. It has been a universal Roman Rite feast since 1684, when Pope Innocent XI included it ...
, every second weekend of September. Typical is the procession with the boats on the Naviglio Grande
The Naviglio Grande is a canal in Lombardy, northern Italy, connecting the Ticino river near Tornavento ( south of Sesto Calende) to the Porta Ticinese dock, also known as the ''Darsena'', in Milan. It drops over . It varies in width from from ...
on Saturday evening and the Regata Storica of Bernate Ticino (historical regatta
Boat racing is a sport in which boats, or other types of watercraft, race on water. Boat racing powered by oars is recorded as having occurred in ancient Egypt, and it is likely that people have engaged in races involving boats and other wate ...
) on Sunday afternoon. On 23 April, Bernate celebrates Saint George
Saint George (Greek: Γεώργιος (Geórgios), Latin: Georgius, Arabic: القديس جرجس; died 23 April 303), also George of Lydda, was a Christian who is venerated as a saint in Christianity. According to tradition he was a soldier ...
, protector of the town.
References
External links
Official website
{{authority control
Cities and towns in Lombardy