''Sinotaia quadrata'' is a species of a

freshwater snail Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...

with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk in the family Viviparidae.

Subspecies

Subspecies within this species include: * ''Sinotaia quadrata quadrata'' * ''Sinotaia quadrata histrica'' ( Gould, 1859) or as a separate species ''

Sinotaia histrica ''Sinotaia'' is a genus of large operculate freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Viviparidae. Distribution Distribution of the genus ''Sinotaia'' include southeast Asia. Species Species within the genus ''Sinotaia'' inc ...

'' * ''Viviparus quadratus disparis'' * ''Viviparus quadratus grahami'' Chen, 1945

Distribution

This species is found in *

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

* Northeast Thailand（ Isan） *

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. * Italy (river Arno) * Argentina (Central Argentina; non-native) This species is also known from Upper Pleistocene of China.

Ecology

Habitat

The habitat of ''Sinotaia quadrata'' are rivers and lakes. The

pollution tolerance value Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ...

is 6 (on scale 0–10; 0 is the best water quality, 10 is the worst water quality).

Feeding habits

''Sinotaia quadrata'' feeds on epiphytic

algae Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mic ...

. ''Sinotaia quadrata histrica'' snails predate also on eggs of

bluegill The bluegill (''Lepomis macrochirus''), sometimes referred to as "bream", "brim", "sunny", or "copper nose" as is common in Texas, is a species of North American freshwater fish, native to and commonly found in streams, rivers, lakes, ponds and ...

''Lepomis macrochirus''. Nakao H., Kawabata T., Fujita K., Nakai K. & Sawada H. (2006). "Predation on bluegill (''Lepomis macrochirus'') broods by native snails. ''

Japanese Journal of Ichthyology Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese dias ...

'' 53(2): 167–173
PDF

Life cycle

''Sinotaia quadrata'' has strong fecundity.

Parasites

Parasites of ''Sinotaia quadrata'' (also of ''Bellamya quadrata lapillorum'' (Heude)) include trematode '' Aspidogaster conchicola''.

Human use

''Sinotaia quadrata'' is common animal food used in

aquaculture Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants (e.g. lot ...

to feed fish black carpNACA 1989. Yu Shigang. '' Integrated fish farming in China '
''Chapter 3 POND FERTILIZATION AND FISH FEEDS. Pond Fertilization''
Integrated Fish Farming in China. NACA Technical Manual 7. A World Food Day Publication of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. 278 pp.,accessed 22 September 2009. in China.Shan Jian 1985.''Integrated fish farming in China. Training manual.'

Network of Agriculture centres in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. 371 pp. This species is also eaten by humans. In Isan, Thailand they are collected by hand or with a handnet from canals, swamps, ponds and flooded rice paddy fields during the rainy season. During the dry season, snails live under dried mud. Collectors use a spade to scrape the ground to find and catch them. Generally they are collected by both men and women. The snails are then cleaned and cooked in a curry. They are also parboiled in salted water and eat together with green

papaya The papaya (, ), papaw, () or pawpaw () is the plant species ''Carica papaya'', one of the 21 accepted species in the genus ''Carica'' of the family Caricaceae. It was first domesticated in Mesoamerica, within modern-day southern Mexico and ...

salad.

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from reference.

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7937918 Viviparidae Taxa named by William Henry Benson Gastropods described in 1842