Jaggery is a

traditional A tradition is a belief or behavior (folk custom) passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. A component of cultural expressions and folklore, common examples include holidays or ...

non-centrifugal cane sugar Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) is the technical name given to traditional raw sugar obtained by evaporating water from sugarcane juice. NCS is internationally recognized as a discrete and unique product by the FAO since 1964 and by the World C ...

consumed in the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and Africa. It is a concentrated product of cane juice and often date or palm sap without separation of the

molasses Molasses () is a viscous substance resulting from refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar. Molasses varies in the amount of sugar, method of extraction and age of the plant. Sugarcane molasses is primarily used to sweeten and flavour foods ...

and crystals, and can vary from golden brown to dark brown in colour. It contains up to 50%

sucrose Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. It is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar. It has the molecular formula . For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined ...

, up to 20%

invert sugar Inverted sugar syrup, also called invert syrup, invert sugar, simple syrup, sugar syrup, sugar water, bar syrup, syrup USP, or sucrose inversion, is a syrup mixture of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, that is made by hydrolytic sacch ...

s, and up to 20% moisture, with the remainder made up of other insoluble matter, such as wood ash, proteins, and bagasse fibres. Jaggery is very similar to muscovado, an important sweetener in Portuguese, British and French cuisine. The Kenyan Sukari ngutu/nguru has no fibre; it is dark and is made from sugar cane and also sometimes extracted from palm tree.

Etymology

Jaggery comes from Portuguese terms , , derived from Malayalam (), Kannada (), Hindi () from Sanskrit () or also in Hindi, (gur). It is a

doublet Doublet is a word derived from the Latin ''duplus'', "twofold, twice as much", Jaggery is used in natural dying of fabric. It is also used in

hookah A hookah (Hindustani language, Hindustani: (Nastaleeq), (Devanagari), IPA: ; also see #Names and etymology, other names), shisha, or waterpipe is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for heating or vaporizing and then smoking either tobacco ...

s in rural areas of Pakistan and India. Jaggery can be used as a tissue fixative in anatomic pathology.

Nomenclature

In the Indian Subcontinent

* From ''guḍa'' in Sanskrit ( sa, गुड, lit=ball, label=none): ** ''guṛ''

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

( bn, গুড়, label=none),

Bhojpuri Bhojpuri (;Bhojpuri entry, Oxford Dictionaries
, Oxford U ...

( bh, गुड़, label=none),

Punjabi Punjabi, or Panjabi, most often refers to: * Something of, from, or related to Punjab, a region in India and Pakistan * Punjabi language * Punjabi people * Punjabi dialects and languages Punjabi may also refer to: * Punjabi (horse), a British Th ...

( pa, ਗੁੜ, label=none), Haryanvi ( hi, गुड़, label=none), Hindi ( hi, गुड़, label=none) ** ''gur'' in

Assamese Assamese may refer to: * Assamese people, a socio-ethnolinguistic identity of north-eastern India * People of Assam, multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi-religious people of Assam * Assamese language, one of the easternmost Indo-Aryan language ...

( as, গুৰ, label=none) and Nagamese ( as, গুৰ, label=none) ** ''ɠuṛ'' in Sindhi ( sd, ڳُڙ, label=none) and Urdu ( ur, گڑ, label=none) ** ''guṛô'' ( or, ଗୁଡ଼, label=none) in

Odia Odia, also spelled Oriya or Odiya, may refer to: * Odia people in Odisha, India * Odia language, an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family * Odia alphabet, a writing system used for the Odia languag ...

** ''goḍ'' (Romanized ''godd'') in Konkani ( kok, गोड, label=none) ** ''guḷ'' ( mr, गूळ, label=none) in

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people *Palaiosouda, also known as Marathi, a small island in Greece See also * * ...

** ''gôḷ'' in

Gujarati Gujarati may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Gujarat, a state of India * Gujarati people, the major ethnic group of Gujarat * Gujarati language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by them * Gujarati languages, the Western Indo-Aryan sub- ...

( gu, ગોળ, label=none) and

Rajasthani Rajasthani may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Rajasthan, a state of India * Rajasthani languages, a group of languages spoken there * Rajasthani people, the native inhabitants of the region * Rajasthani architecture * Rajasthani art ...

( raj, गौळ, label=none) **
gwëṛa
' in Pashto ( pa, ګوړه, label=none) * From Proto-Dravidian ''*bel-am'': ** ''vellam'' in

Tamil Tamil may refer to: * Tamils, an ethnic group native to India and some other parts of Asia ** Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka also called ilankai tamils **Tamil Malaysians, Tamil people native to Malaysia * Tamil language, nati ...

( ta, வெல்லம், label=none) and Malayalam ( ml, വെല്ലം, label=none), or longer form ''panai vellam'' in

( ta, பனை வெல்லம், label=none) ** ''bellam'' in

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India *Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language ** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode S ...

( te, బెల్లం, label=none) ** ''bella'' in Kannada ( kn, ಬೆಲ್ಲ, label=none) and

Tulu Tulu may refer to: People *Derartu Tulu (born 1972), Ethiopian long-distance runner *Walid Yacoubou (born 1997), Togolese footballer nicknamed "Tulu" India *Tulu calendar, traditional solar calendar generally used in the regions of southwest Kar ...

* From Sanskrit ''śarkarā'' ( sa, शर्करा, lit=gravel, grit, candied sugar, label=none): ** ''śarkkara'' or ''cakkara'' in Malayalam ( ml, ശർക്കര, label=none or ml, ചക്കര, label=none) ** ''sakkarai'' in

( ta, சக்கரை, label=none) ** ''sakkhar'' in

Nepali Nepali or Nepalese may refer to : Concerning Nepal * Anything of, from, or related to Nepal * Nepali people, citizens of Nepal * Nepali language, an Indo-Aryan language found in Nepal, the current official national language and a language spoken ...

( ne, सक्खर, label=none) ** ''hakuru'' in Sinhala () and

Dhivehi Dhivehi, also spelled Divehi, may refer to: *Dhivehi people, an ethnic group native to the historic region of the Maldive Islands. *Dhivehi language, an Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken by about 350,000 people in the Republic of Maldives ...

( dv, ހަކުރު, label=none) * From Sanskrit ''miṣṭa'' ( sa, मिष्ट, lit=sweet, tasty, label=none): ** ''mitha'' in

Bhojpuri Bhojpuri (;Bhojpuri entry, Oxford Dictionaries
, Oxford U ...

** ''mithoi'' in

( as, মিঠৈ, label=none) * Other terms: ** ''kawltu tuikang'' in Paite ** ''kurtai'' in

Mizo Mizo may refer to: *Mizo people, an ethnic group native to north-eastern India, western Myanmar (Burma) and eastern Bangladesh *Mizo language, a language spoken by the Mizo people *Mizoram, a state in Northeast India *Lusei people, an ethnic group ...

** ''bheli'' in

** ''karuppaṭṭi'', ''karippaṭṭi'', or ''karipeṭṭi'' in Malayalam ( ml, കരിപെട്ടി, label=none) is jaggery made from palm juice, and ''panam kalkaṇḍam'' ( ml, പനം കല്കണ്ടം, label=none) is rock candy made from palm juice. ** ''karupaṭṭi'' ( ta, கருப்பட்டி, label=none) or ''panam kalkaṇḍu'' ( ta, பனம் கற்கண்டு, label=none) in

In Southeast Asia

Cambodia

* ''Skor tnaot'' () in Khmer

Myanmar (Burma)

* ''Htanyet'' () oddy Palm Jaggery() in

Burmese Burmese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Myanmar, a country in Southeast Asia * Burmese people * Burmese language * Burmese alphabet * Burmese cuisine * Burmese culture Animals * Burmese cat * Burmese chicken * Burmese (hor ...

* ''Kyan Tha Kar'' () ugarcane Jaggeryin Burmese

Malaysia

* ''Gula melaka'' or ''Gula merah'' in

Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...

* ''Gula nisan/nise'' in

Kelantanese Malay Kelantan-Pattani Malay (; ; in Pattani; in Kelantan) is an Austronesian language of the Malayic subfamily spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan and the neighbouring southernmost provinces of Thailand. It is the primary spoken language of ...

* ''Gula apong'' in Sarawak, Malaysia is a variant of the jaggery, which is made from the sap of the nipah palm or Nypa fruticans.

Indonesia

* ''Gula jawa'' in

Indonesian Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian ...

and Javanese * ''Gula merah'' in

and

* ''Gula aren'' in

and Betawi * ''Gula kawung'' in

Sundanese Sundanese may refer to: * Sundanese people * Sundanese language * Sundanese script Standard Sundanese script (''Aksara Sunda Baku'', ) is a writing system which is used by the Sundanese people. It is built based on Old Sundanese script (' ...

Philippines

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* ''Tagapulot'' or ''Koya-Koya'' ( Ilocano) * ''Pakombuk'' (

Kapampangan Kapampangan, Capampañgan or Pampangan may refer to: *Kapampangan people of the Philippines *Kapampangan language Kapampangan or Pampangan is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary ...

) * ''Panocha'' ( Philippine Spanish) * ''Panutsa'' ( Tagalog) * ''Sangkaka'' ( Tagalog) * ''Bagkat Bao'' - may be regional to Bulacan ( Tagalog) * ''Calamay'' - Leyte and Samar ( Waray-waray)

Thailand

* Palm jaggery: th, น้ำตาลโตนด, namtan tanot, label=none, * Coconut jaggery: th, น้ำตาลมะพร้าว, namtan maphrao, label=none, * Cane sugar: th, น้ำตาลอ้อย (งบน้ำอ้อย), namtan oi (Ngob Nam Oi), label=none, * Granulated brown cane sugar: th, น้ำตาลทรายแดง, namtan sai daeng, label=none, * Granulated white cane sugar: th, น้ำตาลทราย, namtan sai, label=none, ; or th, น้ำตาลทรายขาว, namtan sai khao, label=none,

Elsewhere

* '' Raspadura'' in Cuba and Panama * '' Rapadura'' in Brazil * '' Panela'' in Central America and parts of South America * '' Piloncillo'' in Mexico * '' Tapa de dulce'' in Costa Rica * ''Chancaca'' in Peru * ''

Papelón Panela () or rapadura (Portuguese pronunciation: ) is an unrefined whole cane sugar, typical of Central and Latin America. It is a solid form of sucrose derived from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane juice. Panela is known by other ...

'', ''panela'' or ''miel de panela'' in Venezuela * ''Sukari nguuru'' in

Swahili Swahili may refer to: * Swahili language, a Bantu language official in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda and widely spoken in the African Great Lakes * Swahili people, an ethnic group in East Africa * Swahili culture Swahili culture is the culture of ...

* in Japanese * zh, c=紅糖, labels=no (''hóng táng'') or zh, c=黑糖, labels=no (''hēi táng'') in

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...

, the latter used by the Chinese community in Southeast Asia and Oceania * Gur in Afghanistan Making Jaggery (Gur) in Punjab

Image gallery

File:Jaggery_cubes.jpg, Jaggery cubes File:Gur making.15.jpg, Jaggery (gur) making at small scale near sugarcane farm in Pakistan. File:Jaggery preparation0.jpg, Boiling the sugarcane juice in large-scale jaggery (gur) making in India. File:Jaggery preparation5.jpg, Transferring boiled sugarcane juice into vessel to dry. File:(1) Jaggery Gud Punjab India.jpg, Gud or jaggery: Sugarcane-derived raw sugar crystallised cubes or blocks. File:A Jaggery.JPG, Jaggery blocks, also known as ''gud'' File:Poriurundai.JPG, ''Gur mamra'' laddu sweets made from jaggery and puffed rice. File:Indian Jaggery.jpg, Indian Jaggery File:Indein, Sugar cane juice, Shan State, Myanmar.jpg, Boiling, Myanmar. File:Indein, Sugarcane, Cane sugar, Shan State, Myanmar.jpg, Jaggery, Myanmar.

References

{{Sri Lankan cuisine Articles containing video clips Indian cuisine Sri Lankan desserts and sweets Sugar