The Basilica of Saint Praxedes ( la, Basilica Sanctae Praxedis, it, Basilica di Santa Prassede all’Esquillino), commonly known in Italian as Santa Prassede, is an early medieval

titular Titular may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Title character in a narrative work, the character referred to in its title Religion * Titular (Catholicism), a cardinal who holds a titulus, one of the main churches of Rome ** Titular bisho ...

church and

minor basilica In the Catholic Church, a basilica is a designation given by the Pope to a church building. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectural sense (a rectangular ...

located near the papal basilica of Saint Mary Major, on Via di Santa Prassede, 9/a in rione Monti of

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

. The current

Cardinal Priest A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Col ...

of ''Titulus Sancta Praxedis'' is

Paul Poupard Paul Joseph Jean Poupard (born 30 August 1930) is a French prelate of the Catholic Church who has been a Cardinal since 1985. He held positions in the Roman Curia for more than 25 years, serving as President of the Pontifical Council for Cult ...

. Dedicated to the second-century saint Praxedes, who with her sister Pudentiana, was said to have provided comfort and care to Christians persecuted in the Roman Empire.

History

The church incorporates mosaic decoration that mark it among the oldest churches in Rome. A church near this site was present since the fifth century, but the church in its current place and general layout was commissioned by

Pope Hadrian I Pope Adrian I ( la, Hadrianus I; died 25 December 795) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 772 to his death. He was the son of Theodore, a Roman nobleman. Adrian and his predecessors had to contend with periodic ...

around the year 780 to house the relics (bones) of Saint Praxedes ( it, S. Prassede) and Saint Pudentiana ( it, S. Pudenziana), the daughters of Saint Pudens, traditionally St. Peter's first Christian convert in Rome. The church was built atop of the remains of a 4th-century ancient Roman Thermae, privately owned by the family of Pudentiana, and called ''Terme di Novato''. The two female saints were murdered for providing Christian burial for early

martyr A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an externa ...

s in defiance of Roman law. The basilica was enlarged and decorated by

Pope Paschal I Pope Paschal I ( la, Paschalis I; died 824) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 25 January 817 to his death in 824. Paschal was a member of an aristocratic Roman family. Before his election to the papacy, he was abbot of St. ...

in c. 822. Pope Paschal, who reigned 817–824, was at the forefront of the Carolingian Renaissance started and advocated by the emperor

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first ...

. They desired to get back to the foundations of Christianity theologically and artistically. Paschal, thus, began two, linked, ambitious programs: the recovery of martyrs' bones from the catacombs of Rome and an almost unprecedented church building campaign. Paschal dug up numerous skeletons and transplanted them to this church. The ''Titulus S. Praxedis'' was established by Pope Evaristus, around 112. While on a pilgrimage to Rome with his father around 855-856, the young and future English king Alfred the Great was reportedly deeply impressed and inspired by the church's beauty. The inscriptions found in Santa Prassede, a valuable source illustrating the history of the church, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella. The church contains the oratory of San Zenone. The church provided the inspiration for Robert Browning's poem "The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed's Church."

Interior

The main altarpiece is a canvas of ''St Praxedes Gathering the Blood of the Martyrs'' (c. 1730–35) by Domenico Muratori.

Mosaic

The most famous element of the church is the

mosaic A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly pop ...

decorative program. Paschal hired a team of professional mosaicists to complete the work in the apse, the apsidal arch, and the triumphal arch. In the apse, Jesus is in the center, flanked by Sts. Peter and Paul who present Prassede and Pudenziana to God. On the far left is Paschal, with the square halo of the living, presenting a model of the church as an offering to Jesus. Below runs an inscription of Paschal's, hoping that this offering will be sufficient to secure his place in heaven. On the apsidal arch are twelve men on each side, holding wreaths of victory, welcoming the souls into heaven. Above them are symbols of the four Gospel writers: Mark, the lion; Matthew, the man; Luke, the bull; and John, the eagle, as they surround a lamb on a throne, a symbol of Christ's eventual return to Earth. Those mosaics, as well as those in the Chapel of Saint Zeno, a funerary chapel which Pope Paschal built for his mother, Theodora, are the best-known aspects of the church. Also noteworthy are ancient frescoes. Ascending a spiral staircase, one enters a small room, covered in scaffolding; on the wall is a fresco cycle, dating most likely from the 8th century. The frescoes probably depict the life-cycle of the name saint of the church, Praxedes.

Pillar of the Flogging

Monti - santa Prassede colonna flagellazione 01396

Santa Prassede also houses an alleged segment of the pillar or column upon which

Jesus Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religiou ...

was flogged and tortured before his crucifixion in

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

. The relic is alleged to have been discovered in the early 4th century by Saint Helena (mother of the Roman Emperor

Constantine I Constantine I ( , ; la, Flavius Valerius Constantinus, ; ; 27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337, the first one to Constantine the Great and Christianity, convert to Christiani ...

) who at the age of 80 undertook a

pilgrimage A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about their self, others, nature, or a higher good, through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, aft ...

to the Holy Land, where she founded churches for Christian worship and rescued relics associated with the crucifixion of Jesus on Calvary. In 1223, Cardinal Giovanni Colonna, as emissary to the holy land in 1223 was said to have obtained this artifact and brought it to Rome. Among these legendary relics retrieved by Helena, which included pieces of the

True Cross The True Cross is the cross upon which Jesus was said to have been crucified, particularly as an object of religious veneration. There are no early accounts that the apostles or early Christians preserved the physical cross themselves, althoug ...

(now venerated at

St. Peter's Basilica The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican ( it, Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica ( la, Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal e ...

with fragments in

Santa Croce in Gerusalemme The Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem or Basilica di Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, ( la, Basilica Sanctae Crucis in Hierusalem) is a Catholic Minor basilica and titular church in rione Esquilino, Rome, Italy. It is one of the Seven Pilgrim ...

, also in Rome) and wood from the Jesus' crib enshrined at S. Maria Maggiore. These items, including the Santa Prassede pillar, lack indisputable authenticity, due to absence of forensic evidence and the abundance of other objects claimed during the medieval period to have the same historic function.

List of cardinals

* Benedict, under Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085) * Deodatus (1091), appointee of Antipope Clement III * Romanus (1105–1112) * Lambert (1112–1115) *

Desiderius Desiderius, also known as Daufer or Dauferius (born – died ), was king of the Lombards in northern Italy, ruling from 756 to 774. The Frankish king of renown, Charlemagne, married Desiderius's daughter and subsequently conquered his realm. Des ...

(1115–1138) * Chrysogonus (1138–1141) * Hubald of Lucca (1141–1158) * William (1173) * Radulfus Nigellus (1188) * Rufinus (1190–1192) Klaus Ganzer (1963), ''Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalkollegiums vom 11.bis 13. Jahrhundert'' , Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, pp. 146-148. * Soffred of Pistoia (1193–1210) * Giovanni da Ferentino (1212–1217) *

Giovanni Colonna di Carbognano Giovanni Colonna (ca. 1170 – 28 January 1245) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church from the Roman noble family of Colonna. He is occasionally named "the Younger" to distinguish him from his near-contemporary cardinal Giovanni di San Paolo, who ...

(1217–1245) * Ancher Pantaleon (1262–1286) * Pedro Gómez de Barroso (1327–1341) * Gilles Riguad (1350–1353) * Marco da Viterbo (1366–1369) * Pedro Gómez de Barroso Albornoz (1371–1374) * Pietro Pileo di Prata (1378–1384) ** Tommaso Ammanati (1385–1396), loyal to the

Avignon Papacy The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon – at the time within the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire; now part of France – rather than in Rome. The situation a ...

Pedro Fernández de Frías Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ...

(1405–1412), loyal to the Avignon and Pisa papacies * Antonio Calvi (1405–1409) *

Raimond Mairose Raimond is both a masculine given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Raimond Aumann (born 1963), German footballer * Raimond Beccarie de Pavie, Seigneur de Fourquevaux (1508–1574), French soldier, politician ...

(1426–1427) * Jean Le Jeune (1440–1441) *

Alain de Coëtivy Alain (II) de Coëtivy (8 November 1407 – 4 May 1474) was a prelate from a Breton noble family. He was bishop of Avignon, Uzès, Nîmes and of Dol, titular cardinal of Santa Prassede, then cardinal-bishop of Palestrina and cardinal-bishop o ...

(1448–1465); '' in commendam'' (1465–1474) * Giovanni Arcimboldo (1476–1488) * Antoniotto Pallavicini (1489–1503) * Gabriele de’ Gabrielli (1507–1511) *

Christopher Bainbridge Christopher Bainbridge ( 1462/1464 – 14 July 1514) was an English Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Of Westmorland origins, he was a nephew of Bishop Thomas Langton of Winchester, represented the continuation of Langton's influence and teachin ...

(1511–1514) *

Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte (died 20 September 1533) was an Italians, Italian Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Bishop (Catholic Church), bishop and Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal. Early years, ca. 1462–1503 Antonio Maria Ciocchi del M ...

(1514–1521) * Ippolito de’ Medici (1529–1532) * Tommaso De Vio (1534) * Francesco Cornaro (1535–1541) *

Philippe de la Chambre Philippe de La Chambre (c. 1490 – 1550) was a French Benedictine monk and Abbot, and Cardinal. Family His father was Louis de la Chambre, vicomte de Maurienne. His mother (Louis' second wife) was Anne de la Tour, daughter of Bertrand de la Tour ...

(1541–1542) *

Gasparo Contarini Gasparo Contarini (16 October 1483 – 24 August 1542) was an Italian diplomat, cardinal and Bishop of Belluno. He was one of the first proponents of the dialogue with Protestants, after the Reformation. Biography He was born in Venice, the eldes ...

(1542) *

Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte Pope Julius III ( la, Iulius PP. III; it, Giulio III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in March 155 ...

(1542–1543) * Miguel de Silva (1543–1552) * Cristoforo Ciocchi del Monte (1552–1564) *

Charles Borromeo Charles Borromeo ( it, Carlo Borromeo; la, Carolus Borromeus; 2 October 1538 – 3 November 1584) was the Archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584 and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was a leading figure of the Counter-Reformation combat ...

(1564–1584) *

Nicolas de Pellevé Nicolas Pellevé. Nicolas de Pellevé (18 October 1518 – 24 March 1594) was a French archbishop and Cardinal. He was a major figure of the Catholic League. Early life Nicolas de Pellevé, the second son of Charles de Pellevé, Sieur de Jo ...

(1584–1594) * Alessandro Ottaviano de’ Medici (1594–1600) * Simeone Tagliavia d’Aragona (1600) *

Antonio Maria Galli Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular ma ...

(1600–1605) * Ottavio Acquaviva d’Aragona (1605–1612) *

Bartolomeo Cesi Bartolomeo Cesi (; 16 August 1556 – 11 July 1629) was an Italian painter and draftsman of the Bolognese School.Andrea Bayer. "Cesi, Bartolomeo" Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 7 November 2020 He made ea ...

(1613–1620) *

Roberto Bellarmino Robert Bellarmine, SJ ( it, Roberto Francesco Romolo Bellarmino; 4 October 1542 – 17 September 1621) was an Italian Jesuit and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was canonized a saint in 1930 and named Doctor of the Church, one of only 37. ...

(1620–1621) * François d’Escoubleau de Sourdis (1621–1628) *

Marcello Lante Marcello is a common masculine Italian given name. It is a variant of Marcellus (name), Marcellus. The Spanish and Portuguese version of the name is Marcelo, differing in having only one "l", while the Greek form is Markellos. Etymology The name ...

(1628–1629) *

Roberto Ubaldini Roberto Ubaldini (1581 – 22 April 1635) was a bishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church. Biography He was born in Florence. He was appointed Bishop of Montepulciano in 1607, and ordained to that post on 3 Feb 1608 by Jacques Davy du Perron, ...

(1629–1635) *

Guido Bentivoglio Guido Bentivoglio d'Aragona (4 October 15797 September 1644) was an Italian cardinal, statesman and historian. Early years A member of the Ferrara branch of the influential Bentivoglio family of Bologna, he was the younger son of marchese Co ...

(1635–1639) *

Giulio Roma Giulio Roma (16 September 1584 – 16 September 1652) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Bishop of Recanati and Loreto. Roma was born 16 September 1584 in Milan, one of 16 children born to noble parents. He was educated at the University o ...

(1639–1644) *

Ernst Adalbert von Harrach Count Ernst Adalbert von Harrach (4 November 1598 – 25 October 1667) was an Austrian Catholic Cardinal who was appointed Archbishop of Prague and Prince-Bishop of Trento. His name in Czech is Arnošt Vojtěch hrabě z Harrachu. Early life Adalbe ...

(1644–1667) * Giulio Gabrielli (1667) *

Virginio Orsini Gentile Virginio Orsini (c. 1434 – 8 January 1497) was an Italian condottiero and vassal of the papal throne and the Kingdom of Naples, mainly remembered as the powerful head of the Orsini family during its feud with Pope Alexander VI (Rodri ...

(1667–1668) * Alderano Cybo-Malaspina (1668–1677) * Pietro Vito Ottoboni (1680–1681) * Francesco Albizzi (1681–1684) * Decio Azzolini der Jüngere (1684–1689) *

Giulio Spinola Giulio Spinola (1612–1691) was a Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography On 10 Feb 1658, was consecrated bishop by Girolamo Boncompagni, Archbishop of Bologna, with Tommaso Carafa, Bishop of Capaccio, and Bartolomeo Cresconi, Bishop of Caserta, ...

(1689–1691) *

Francesco Maidalchini Francesco Maidalchini (21 April 1631 – 13 June 1700) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Early life Maidalchini was born 12 April 1631 in Viterbo, the son of Andrea Maidalchini and Pacifica Feliziani. His father was the b ...

(1691–1700) *

Galeazzo Marescotti Galeazzo Marescotti (1 October 1627 – 3 July 1726) was an Italian cardinal. Biography He was born in Vignanello, Italy. His father was named Sforza Marescotti and his mother was Vittoria Ruspoli, both born to prominent aristocratic famil ...

(1700–1708) * Fabrizio Spada (1708–1710) * Bandino Panciatichi (1710–1718) * Francesco Barberini, Jr. (1718–1721) *

Giuseppe Sacripante Giuseppe is the Italian form of the given name Joseph, from Latin Iōsēphus from Ancient Greek Ἰωσήφ (Iōsḗph), from Hebrew יוסף. It is the most common name in Italy and is unique (97%) to it. The feminine form of the name is Giuse ...

(1721–1726) * Filippo Antonio Gualterio (1726–1728) * Lodovico Pico della Mirandola (1728–1731) *

Antonio Felice Zondadari Antonio Felice Zondadari, also known as Anton Felice Chigi Zondadari (14 January 1740 – 13 April 1823) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He is not to be confused with his uncle, also a cardinal, Antonio Felice Zondadari the elder ...

(1731–1737) * Giorgio Spinola (1737–1738) * Luis Belluga y Moncada (1738–1743) *

Angelo Maria Quirini Angelo Maria Querini or Quirini (30 March 1680 – 6 January 1755) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Biography Born in Venice, he entered the Benedictine Order in Florence in 1695 and was ordained in 1702. From 1710 to 1714 ...

OSBCas (1743–1755) *

Domenico Silvio Passionei Domenico Silvio Passionei (2 December 1682 – 5 July 1761) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Biography Born in Fossombrone near Urbino, Marche, he went to Rome in 1695, where he studied philosophy at the Collegio Clementino ( ...

(1755–1759) * Giacomo Oddi (1759–1763) * Carlo Vittorio Amedeo delle Lanze (1763–1783) * Vitaliano Borromeo (1783–1793) *

Francesco Saverio de Zelada Francesco Saverio eZelada (27 August 1717, in Rome – 19 December 1801, in Rome) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, born of a Spanish family, who served in the Papal Curia and in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He was educat ...

(1793–1801) *

Antonio Dugnani Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...

(1801–1807) * Carlo Antonio Giuseppe Bellisomi (1807–1808) * ''vacant'' (1808–1814) *

Giovanni Filippo Gallarati Scotti Giovanni may refer to: * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data * ''Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend of ...

(1814–1818); ''in commendam'' (1818–1819) * ''vacant'' (1819–1823) * Francesco Serlupi Crescenzi (1823–1828) * Antonio Domenico Gamberini (1829–1839); ''in commendam'' (1839–1841) *

Paolo Polidori Paolo Polidori (4 January 1778 – 23 April 1847) was an Italian Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal of the Catholic Church. Biography Paolo Polidori was born in Iesi, Marche; where he studied at the seminary of Perugia. He was ordained as ...

(1841–1847) * Luigi Vannicelli Casoni (1847–1877) *

Edoardo Borromeo Edoardo Borromeo (3 August 1822 – 30 November 1881) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was ''Maestro di Camera'' to Pius IX and was Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Vito, Modesto e Crescenzio from 1868 to 1878. He was the seventh ...

(1878–1881) *

Angelo Bianchi Angelo Bianchi (19 November 1817 – 22 January 1897) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and worked in the Roman Curia. He became a cardinal in 1889. Biography Angelo Bianchi was bo ...

(1883–1889) *

Tommaso Maria Zigliara Tommaso Maria Zigliara, OP (29 October 1833 – 11 May 1893) was a Corsican priest of the Catholic Church, a member of the Dominicans, a theologian, philosopher and a cardinal. Early life Zigliara was born on 29 October 1833 at Bonifacio a se ...

(1891–1893) * Gaetano Aloisi Masella (1893–1902) * Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta (1903–1930) *

Raffaele Carlo Rossi Raffaele Rossi (28 October 1876 – 17 September 1948) - born Carlo - was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church and professed member from the Discalced Carmelites. Rossi served in the Sacred Consistorial Congregation in the Roman Curia fr ...

(1930–1948) * ''vacant'' (1948–1953) *

Pietro Ciriaci Pietro Ciriaci (2 December 1885 – 30 December 1966) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as prefect of the Sacred Congregation of the Council in the Roman Curia from 1954 until his death, and was elevated to the card ...

(1953–1964) *

Owen McCann Owen McCann (26 June 1907 – 26 March 1994) was a South African cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and journalist. He served as Archbishop of Cape Town from 1950 to 1984 (the first year as Apostolic Vicar) and was elevated to the cardinala ...

(1965–1994) *

(since 1996)

Gallery

File:Santa Prassede - plan.JPG, Plan. File:Santa Prassede Façade.jpg, Internal façade File:Santa prassede 051218-01.JPG, Entrance File:Santa Prassede (Rome) - Interior.jpg, Interior File:Apsis mosaic S Prassede Rome W6.JPG, Triumphal arch mosaic File:Mosaic of the vault of the chapel of San Zeno (IX century).jpg, Ceiling of the Chapel of Saint Zeno File:S Prassede Krypta Rome W1.JPG, Crypt . File:Apsis - Paschalis I..gif,

presenting a model of the Basilica to Christ. His square

halo Halo, halos or haloes usually refer to: * Halo (optical phenomenon) * Halo (religious iconography), a ring of light around the image of a head HALO, halo, halos or haloes may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Video games * ''Halo'' (franch ...

indicates that he was alive when the mosaic was made. File:GBSantoni.jpg, Funerary monument of Bishop Giovanni Battista Santoni († 1592); bust by Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, circa 1612. File:Domenico Pestrini Tesauro Beccaria.jpg, "San Tesauro Beccaria" by Domenico Pestrini File:Tomb of Giovanni Carbone.jpg, Tomb of Giovanni Carbone, 14th century

References

Bibliography

* B. M. Apollonj Ghetti, ''Santa Pra''ssede (Roma: Edizioni Roma, 1961). * Gillian Vallance Mackie, ''The Iconographic Programme of the Zeno Chapel at Santa Prassede, Rome'' .A. University of Victoria (B.C., Canada) 1985 * Marchita B. Mauck, “The Mosaic of the Triumphal Arch of Santa Prassede: A Liturgical Interpretation.” ''Speculum'' 62–64 (1987), pp. 813–828. * Rotraut Wisskirchen, ''Mosaikprogramm von Santa Prassede in Rom'' (Münster: Aschendorff, 1990). * Anna Maria Affanni, ''La chiesa di Santa Prassede: la storia, il rilievo, il restauro'' (Viterbo: BetaGamma,

006 Alec Trevelyan (006) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the 1995 James Bond film '' GoldenEye'', the first film to feature actor Pierce Brosnan as Bond. Trevelyan is portrayed by actor Sean Bean. The likeness of Bean as Ale ...

estimonianze di restauri, 5 * Mary M. Schaefer, ''Women in Pastoral Office: The Story of Santa Prassede, Rome'' (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2013). * Maurizio Caperna, ''La basilica di Santa Prassede: il significato della vicenda architettonica'' (Roma: Edizioni Quasar, 2013). * Benedictine Monks of Vallombroso, ''The Basilica of Saint Praxedes, in memory of their eighth century of presence at Saint Praxedes: 1198–1998'' (Genova, Italia: B.N. Marconi, Fourth Edition, January 2014).

External links

Kunsthistorie.com
photogallery.

*High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images o
Santa Prassede , Art Atlas
{{DEFAULTSORT:Santa Prassede Religious buildings and structures completed in 822 9th-century churches in Italy Prassede Prassede Byzantine art Articles containing video clips Prassede 9th-century establishments in Italy