''Bartsia'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the family

Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in the ...

. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland.

Etymology

''Bartsia'' was named after

Johann Bartsch Johann Bartsch (1709–1738) was a German physician. Bartsch was born in Königsberg, and graduated in the Netherlands at Leiden University in 1737. His ''Thesis de Calore Corporis Humani hygraulico'' is the only work he published. He was muc ...

(Latinized as Johannes Bartsius, 1709-1738), a botanist of

Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...

. The plant was named for him by his associate

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

, and the genus has been sometimes spelt as ''Bartschia''. ''Starbia'', an

anagram An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. For example, the word ''anagram'' itself can be rearranged into ''nag a ram'', also the word ...

of ''Bartsia'', is another genus of Orobanchaceae, synonym of ''

Alectra Alectra Incorporated, through its subsidiary Alectra Utilities Corporation, is an electricity utility and distributor that serves several municipalities in the Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario. It is a municipally owned corporation with share ...

''.

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the genera of

Rhinantheae Rhinantheae is a tribe with less than 20 genera of herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using DNA markers. Three assemblages can be distinguished in this tribe: * ...

has been explored using molecular characters. ''Bartsia'' belongs to the core Rhinantheae. ''Bartsia'' sensu stricto (e.g. '' B. alpina'') is the sister genus to ''

Odontites ''Odontites'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. ''Odontites'' belongs to the core Rhinantheae. It is the sister genus t ...

'', '' Bellardia'', ''

Tozzia ''Tozzia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, ''Tozzia alpina''. While the plant in its young, vegetative stage is holoparasite, it becomes hemiparasite in its flowe ...

'', ''

Hedbergia ''Hedbergia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants, initially classified in Scrophulariaceae, and now within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, ''Hedbergia abyssinica''. It is an afromontane genus, widespread i ...

'', and ''

Euphrasia ''Euphrasia'', or eyebright, is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae (formerly included in the Scrophulariaceae), with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are semi-parasitic on grasses and other ...

''.

Classification

In 1990, the genus was revised to contain 49 species; 45 of them are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to the

Andes The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...

. The most familiar species might be the well-studied ''

Bartsia alpina ''Bartsia alpina'' is a species of perennial flowering plant, known by the common name alpine bartsia or velvetbells. It is found in the mountainous regions of Europe and also occurs in Iceland, Greenland and north‐eastern Canada. Description ...

'', which has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere. There are also two

afromontane The Afromontane regions are subregions of the Afrotropical realm, one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms, covering the plant and animal species found in the mountains of Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The Afromontane regions ...

species, restricted to the mountains of northeastern Africa: ''Bartsia decurva'' and ''Bartsia longiflora''. These two plants, ''B. alpina'', and the many Andean species are three distinct lineages, making the genus

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...

. As a solution to the problem of ''Bartsia'' polyphyly, two taxonomic adjustments have been proposed. # All South American species are reclassified into the new genus ''Neobartsia''. This new name keeps traceability with ''Bartsia'' while incorporating information about its New World distribution (in

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

, , i.e. , means 'new'). # The two African species ''Bartsia decurva'' and ''Bartsia longiflora'' are reclassified into the existing genus ''Hedbergia''. Accepted species names include the following taxa classified according to geographic distribution groups.

Europe

* ''

'' L. – velvetbells

Mediterranean Basin

* ''

Bartsia trixago ''Bellardia trixago'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae (it has been formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae). The only member of the monotypic genus ''Bellardia'', it is known as trixago bartsia or Mediterran ...

'' L.

Northeastern Africa

* ''

Hedbergia decurva ''Hedbergia decurva'', formerly ''Bartsia decurva'', is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. It is an afromontane species, restricted to the mountains of northeastern Africa. Phylogeny The phylogeny of the genera of Rhina ...

'', synonym of ''Bartsia decurva''

Hochst. Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter (16 February 1787 – 20 February 1860) was a German botanist and Protestant minister. Biography Hochstetter was born in Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg. He was the father of geologist Ferdinand H ...

''ex'' Benth. * ''

Hedbergia longiflora ''Hedbergia longiflora'', formerly ''Bartsia longiflora'', is a species of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. It is an afromontane species, restricted to the mountains of northeastern Africa. A subspecies, ''Hedbergia longiflora'' sub ...

'', synonym of ''Bartsia longiflora'' Hochst. ''ex'' Benth.

Andean South America

* ''

Bartsia acuminata ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

Pursh The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ''asteriskos'', "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often voc ...

* ''

Bartsia altissima ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' Rusby * ''

Bartsia anomala ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

Edwin The name Edwin means "rich friend". It comes from the Old English elements "ead" (rich, blessed) and "ƿine" (friend). The original Anglo-Saxon form is Eadƿine, which is also found for Anglo-Saxon figures. People * Edwin of Northumbria (die ...

* '' Bartsia asperrima'' ( Link) Samp. * '' Bartsia aurea'' Edwin * '' Neobartsia adenophylla'' ( Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia alba'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia aprica ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (

Diels Diels is the last name of several people: * Rudolf Diels (1900–1957), German politician * Otto Diels (1876–1954), German scientist noted for his work on the Diels–Alder reaction * Ludwig Diels (1874–1945), German botanist * Hermann Diels ...

) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia australis'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia bartsioides ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (

Hook. Sir William Jackson Hooker (6 July 178512 August 1865) was an English botanist and botanical illustrator, who became the first director of Kew when in 1841 it was recommended to be placed under state ownership as a botanic garden. At Kew h ...

) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia camporum ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Diels) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia canescens'' ( Wedd.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia chilensis'' (

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia crenata'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia crenoloba ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Wedd.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia crisafullii'' (N.H.Holmgren) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia diffusa ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Benth.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia elachophylla'' (Diels) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia elongata ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Wedd.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia fiebrigii'' (Diels) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia filiformis'' (Wedd.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia flava'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia glandulifera'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia inaequalis'' (Benth.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia integrifolia'' (Wedd.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia jujuyensis'' (Cabrera & Botta) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia laniflora ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Benth.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia laticrenata'' (Benth.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia lydiae ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Sylvester) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia melampyroides'' (

Kunth Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850), also Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth, was a German botanist. He is known for being one of the first to study and categorise plants from the American continents, ...

) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia mutica'' (Kunth) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia orthocarpiflora ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Benth.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia patens'' (Benth.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia pauciflora'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia pedicularoides'' (Benth.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia peruviana'' (

Walp. Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers (26 December 1816 in Mühlhausen – 18 June 1853 in Berlin) was a German botanist. This botanist is denoted by the List of botanists by author abbreviation, author abbreviation Walp. when Author citation (botany), citing a ...

) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia pumila'' (Benth.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia pyricarpa ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia ramosa ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia remota'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia rigida'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia santolinifolia'' (Kunth) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia sericea ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia serrata'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia stricta'' (Kunth) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia strigosa'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia tenuis ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia thiantha ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Diels) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * ''

Neobartsia tomentosa ''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae. Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland. Etymology ''Bartsia'' was name ...

'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia trichophylla'' (Wedd.) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia tricolor'' (Molau) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov. * '' Neobartsia weberbaueri'' (Diels) Uribe-Convers & Tank, comb. nov.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q162488 Orobanchaceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Parasitic plants Taxa described in 1753