Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne is a title in the

Peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland ( gd, Moraireachd na h-Alba, sco, Peerage o Scotland) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, ...

and the

Peerage of the United Kingdom The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five Peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union 1800, Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the ...

. It was first created as Earl of Kinghorne in the Peerage of Scotland in 1606 for Patrick Lyon. In 1677, the designation of the earldom changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne". A second earldom was bestowed on the 14th Earl in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1937, leading to him being titled as the ''14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne''. Aside from the earldoms, the Earl holds the subsidiary titles: Viscount Lyon (created 1677), Lord Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Strathdichtie (1677), Lord Lyon and Glamis (1606), Lord Glamis (1445) and Baron Bowes (1887) of Streatlam Castle, in the County of Durham, and of

Lunedale Lunedale is the dale, or valley, of the River Lune, on the east side of the Pennines in England, west of Middleton-in-Teesdale. Its principal settlements are Grassholme, Thringarth and Bowbank. Lunedale is also the name of a civil parish whic ...

, in the

County of York Yorkshire ( ; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county in northern England and by far the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its large area in comparison with other English counties, functions have ...

. An earlier creation of ''Baron Bowes'' (1815), in favour of the 10th Earl became extinct on his death in 1821. The first three are in the Peerage of Scotland; the last two in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The eldest son of the earl uses ''Lord Glamis'' as a

courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some co ...

. Normally, the highest subsidiary title (in this case ''Viscount Lyon'') would be used, but Lord Glamis is used instead to prevent confusion with the officer of arms,

Lord Lyon King of Arms The Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the head of Lyon Court, is the most junior of the Great Officers of State in Scotland and is the Scottish official with responsibility for regulating heraldry in that country, issuing new grant ...

. The earl is also

Chief Chief may refer to: Title or rank Military and law enforcement * Chief master sergeant, the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Space Force * Chief of police, the head of a police department * Chief of the boa ...

Clan Lyon Clan Lyon is a Scottish clan.Way, George and Squire, Romily. ''Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia''. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 202 - 203. ...

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 to 6 February 1952 as the wife of King George VI. She was the l ...

(1900–2002) was the daughter of the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and the sister of the 15th Earl. The family seat is Glamis Castle, in

Angus, Scotland Angus ( sco, Angus; gd, Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agr ...

. Other family seats were

Gibside Gibside is an estate in the Derwent Valley in North East England. It is between Rowlands Gill, in Tyne and Wear, and Burnopfield, in County Durham, and a few miles from Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Gibside was previously owned by the Bowes-Lyon family. ...

, near Burnopfield,

County Durham County Durham ( ), officially simply Durham,UK General Acts 1997 c. 23Lieutenancies Act 1997 Schedule 1(3). From legislation.gov.uk, retrieved 6 April 2022. is a ceremonial county in North East England.North East Assembly �About North East E ...

and Streatlam Castle, near Barnard Castle in

. The traditional burial place of the Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne is in an aisle of Glamis

parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...

History

The established history of

states that the family is of French origin, with the original name ''de Leonne'', but

James Balfour Paul Sir James Balfour Paul (16 November 1846 – 15 September 1931) was the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the officer responsible for heraldry in Scotland, from 1890 until the end of 1926. Life Paul was born in Edinburgh, the second son of the Rev J ...

, in his ''

Scots Peerage ''The Scots Peerage'' is a nine-volume book series of the Scottish nobility compiled and edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, published in Edinburgh from 1904 to 1914. The full title is ''The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Rober ...

'', states that the family is likely of

Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language * Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Fo ...

origin. The family's earliest recorded possessions, the thanages of Glamis, Glamis, Tannadyce and Belhelvies, were in a Celtic stronghold, while government positions held by family chiefs would have required fluency in

Gaelic Gaelic is an adjective that means "pertaining to the Gaels". As a noun it refers to the group of languages spoken by the Gaels, or to any one of the languages individually. Gaelic languages are spoken in Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man, and Ca ...

. The first recorded family member,

John Lyon, Lord of Glamis Sir John Lyon, Thane of Glamis, ''jure uxoris'' Thane (Scotland), Thane of Tannadyce (4 November 1382), was Chamberlain of Scotland between 1377 and 1382. Family origins See main article: Lyons family Sir John Lyon was the son of Sir John Lyon (b ...

, was a courtier and diplomat, who was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal in 1371 on the accession of Robert II. He acquired significant lands, and on 18 March 1372, Robert II granted him "the free barony of Glamuyss in the sheriffdom of Forfar." Glamis has remained the seat of the family ever since.

Thanes of Glamis (1372)

* John Lyon, 1st Thane of Glamis (died 1382)

Masters of Glamis

* John Lyon, 1st Master of Glamis (died 1435)

Lord Glamis (1445)

* Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis (died 1459) *

Alexander Lyon, 2nd Lord Glamis Alexander Lyon, 2nd Lord of Glamis (c. 1430–1486), was a Scottish nobleman. The son of Patrick Lyon, 1st Lord Glamis (d. 1459), he was Keeper of Kildrummy Castle and Kindrochit Castle from his father's death until 1462. He later sat on the Kin ...

(died 1486) * John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis (died 1497) * John Lyon, 4th Lord Glamis (died 1500) * George Lyon, 5th Lord Glamis (died 1505) * John Lyon, 6th Lord Glamis (–1528) * John Lyon, 7th Lord Glamis (–1558) (forfeit in 1537 but restored in 1543) * John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis (–1578): see also Thomas Lyon (of Auldbar), Master of Glamis. *

Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne (1615) was a Scottish landowner. Patrick Lyon was the son of John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis and Elizabeth Abernethy, only daughter of Alexander Abernethy, 6th Lord Saltoun. His father was killed in 1578 by a gunsho ...

(c. 1575–1615) (created Earl of Kinghorne in 1606)

Earls of Kinghorne (1606)

Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne (1615) was a Scottish landowner. Patrick Lyon was the son of John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis and Elizabeth Abernethy, only daughter of Alexander Abernethy, 6th Lord Saltoun. His father was killed in 1578 by a gunsho ...

(c. 1575–1615) *John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne (1596–1646) * Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Kinghorne (1643–1695) (designation of the earldom changed to "Strathmore and Kinghorne")

Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1677)

Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (29 May 1643 – 15 May 1695) was a Scottish peer and nobleman. He was the son of John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne and his wife Lady Elizabeth Maule, daughter of Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmu ...

(1643–1695) *

John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (16631712) was a Scottish nobleman and peer. He was the son of Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He married Elizabeth Stanhope on 21 September 1691 and was succeeded as Earl by hi ...

(1663–1712) **Patrick Lyon, Lord Glamis (1692–1709) **Philip Lyon, Lord Glamis (1693–1712) * John Lyon, 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1696–1715) *

Charles Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Charles Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (c. 1699 – 11 May 1728) was a Peerage of Scotland, Scottish peer and nobleman. He was the son of John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. His exact date of birth is unknown but he was b ...

(c. 1699–1728) – brother of the 5th Earl *

James Lyon, 7th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne James Lyon, 7th Earl of Strathmore (circa 1702 – 1735) was a Scottish peer and freemason. He was the son of John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Lady Elizabeth Stanhope. He was christened on 24 December 1702. He succeeded as Ea ...

(c. 1702–1735) – brother of the 5th and 6th Earls *

Thomas Lyon, 8th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne Thomas Lyon, 8th Earl of Strathmore (1704 – 18 January 1753) was a Scottish nobleman, and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1734 to 1735, when he resigned upon succeeding to the peerage as Earl of Strathmore. Lyon was bapt ...

(1704–1753) – brother of the 5th, 6th and 7th Earls *

John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

(1737–1776) * John Bowes, 10th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1769–1820) * Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 11th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1773–1846) – brother of the 10th Earl **Thomas George Lyon-Bowes, Lord Glamis (1801–1834) *** Thomas Lyon-Bowes, Master of Glamis (1821–1821) * Thomas Lyon-Bowes, 12th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1822–1865) – grandson of the 11th Earl * Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1824–1904) – brother of the 12th Earl * Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1855–1944) – maternal grandfather of

Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. She was queen ...

. (created Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of the United Kingdom in 1937) * Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1884–1949) **John Patrick Bowes-Lyon, Master of Glamis (1910–1941) * Timothy Bowes-Lyon, 16th and 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1918–1972) * Fergus Michael Claude Bowes-Lyon, 17th and 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1928–1987) – first cousin of the 16th Earl, grandson of the 14th Earl * Michael Fergus Bowes-Lyon, 18th and 5th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (1957–2016) * Simon Patrick Bowes-Lyon, 19th and 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1986) The

heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question. ...

is the current holder's younger brother, The Hon. John Fergus Bowes-Lyon (b. 1988).

Arms

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Strathmore And Kinghorne Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland * Clan Lyon Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom 1372 establishments in Scotland Noble titles created in 1606 Noble titles created in 1937