Sultanate of Banjar or Sultanate of Banjarmasin (
Banjar: كسلطانن بنجر, Kasultanan Banjar) was a
sultanate located in what is today the
South Kalimantan Province of
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
. For most of its history, its capital was at
Banjarmasin
)
, translit_lang1 = Other
, translit_lang1_type1 = Jawi
, translit_lang1_info1 = بنجر ماسين
, settlement_type = City
, motto = ''Kayuh Baimbai'' ( Banjare ...
.
History
The second king of
Negara Daha
Negara Daha was a Hindu kingdom successor of Negara Dipa that appears in the Hikayat Banjar. It was located in what is now the Regency of Hulu Sungai Selatan, Province of South Kalimantan, Republic of Indonesia.
Early establishment
Before the fo ...
, Maharaja Sukarama had four commoner wives, and four sons and one daughter. As Maharaja Sukarama followed the traditional belief of
Negara Dipa requiring the king had to be of royal blood, arranged marriage of his sole daughter, Putri Galuh Baranakan and the son of his brother, Raden Bagawan, with the name Raden Mantri. The result this union (of Mantri and Galuh) will produce the ideal heir to rule Daha as they would have patrilineal and matrilineal royal blood. This union result in Raden Samudra who was prepared by Sukarama to rule.
However after Sukarama's death this succesion was challenged by his sons, Pangeran Mangkubumi dan Pangeran Tumanggung who usurped the throne. Raden Samudra, escaped from the Kingdom of Daha to the
Barito River
The Barito River is the second longest river in Borneo after the Kapuas River with a total length of and with a drainage basin of in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It originates in the Muller Mountain Range, from where it flows southward in ...
area, because his safety was in danger, and established a new kingdom at Banjarmasin.
With help from Mangkubumi Aria Taranggana, Raden Samudra converted to
Islam on 24 September 1526, changing his name to Sultan Suriansyah. Banjar at first paid tribute to the
Sultanate of Demak. That state met its demise in the mid-16th century, however, and Banjar was not required to send tribute to new power in
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...
, the
Sultanate of Pajang.
Banjar rose in the first decades of the 17th century as a producer and trader of
pepper
Pepper or peppers may refer to:
Food and spice
* Piperaceae or the pepper family, a large family of flowering plant
** Black pepper
* ''Capsicum'' or pepper, a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae
** Bell pepper
** Chili ...
. Soon, virtually all of the southwest, southeast, and eastern areas of Kalimantan island were paying tribute to the sultanate.
Sultan Agung of
Mataram (1613-1646), who ruled north Java coastal ports such as
Jepara
Jepara is a town in the province of Central Java, Indonesia.
Jepara is on the north coast of Java, north-east of Semarang, not far from Mount Muria, with a population of 92,967 in mid 2019. It is also the main town of Jepara Regency, which has a ...
,
Gresik
Gresik Regency ( older spelling: Grissee, ) is a regency within East Java Province of Indonesia. As well as a large part of the Surabaya northern and western suburbs, it includes the offshore Bawean Island, some 125 km to the north of Java ...
,
Tuban
Tuban is a town located on the north coast of Java, in Tuban Regency (of which the town is the administrative capital), approximately west of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. Tuban Regency is surrounded by Lamongan Regency in the east, Bo ...
,
Madura
Madura Island is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island comprises an area of approximately (administratively 5,379.33 km2 including various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are administrati ...
and
Surabaya, planned to colonise the Banjar-dominated areas of Kalimantan in 1622, but the plan was cancelled due to inadequate resources.
In the 18th century Prince Tamjidullah I successfully transferred power to his dynasty and set Prince Nata Dilaga as its first Sultan with Panembahan Kaharudin Khalilullah. Nata Dilaga became the first king of the dynasty as Tamjidullah I in 1772, on the day of his accession calling himself ''Susuhunan Nata Alam''.
The son of Sultan Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah named Prince Amir, a grandson of Sultan Hamidullah, fled to the
Pasir
Pasil ( fa, پسيل, also Romanized as Pasīl; also known as Pasīr) is a village in Sepiddasht Rural District, Papi District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also c ...
, and requested the help of his uncle Arung Tarawe (and Ratu Dewi). Amir then returned and attacked the Sultanate of Banjar with a large force of
Bugis people
The Bugis people (pronounced ), also known as Buginese, are an ethnicity—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi (the others being Makassar and Toraja), in the south-western province of Sulawesi ...
in 1757, and tried to retake the throne of Susuhunan Nata Alam. Fearing the loss of his throne and the fall of the kingdom to the Bugis, Susuhunan Nata Alam requested the assistance of the
Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...
(VOC), who dispatched a force under Captain Hoffman. The combined force defeated the Bugis, sending Amir to flee back to Pasir. After a long time, he tried to meet with Barito Banjar nobles, who disliked the VOC. Following this, Amir was arrested and exiled to
Sri Lanka in 1787, and Banjar became a Dutch protectorate.
![Goenong-Tongka](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Goenong-Tongka.jpg)
The Dutch increased their presence in the 19th century, taking territory from the sultanate and interfering in the appointment of its rulers. Resistance led to the
Banjarmasin War
The Banjarmasin War (in old spelling ''Bandjermasin War'', Dutch: ''Bandjermasinse Oorlog'', or formally ''Expeditie naar de Zuider- en Oosterafdeling van Borneo'') (1859–1863) was a war of succession in the Sultanate of Banjarmasin, as w ...
(1859–1863) and the abolition of the sultanate in 1860. Afterwards, the area was governed by regents in
Martapura (Pangeran Jaya Pemenang) and in
Amuntai (Raden Adipati Danu Raja). The regency was finally abolished in 1884. The last claimant to the throne died in 1905.
List of Sultans of Banjar
# 1520-1546 Sultan Suriansyah
# 1546-1570 Sultan Rahmatullah bin Sultan Suriansyah
# 1570-1595 Sultan Hidayatullah I bin Rahmatullah
# 1595-1638 Sultan Mustain Billah bin Sultan Hidayatullah I
# 1642-1647 Sultan Inayatullah bin Mustainbillah
# 1647-1660 Sultan Saidullah bin Sultan Inayatullah
# 1660-1663 Sultan Ri'ayatullah/Tahalidullah? bin Sultan Mustainbillah
# 1663-1679 Sultan Amrullah Bagus Kasuma bin Sultan Saidullah
# 1663-1679 Sultan Agung/Pangeran Suryanata II bin Sultan Inayatullah
# 1679-1708 Sultan Amrullah Bagus Kasuma bin Sultan Saidullah
# 1708-1717 Sultan Tahmidullah I/Sultan Surya Alam bin Sultan Tahlilullah/Sultan Amrullah
# 1717-1730 Panembahan Kasuma Dilaga bin Sultan Amrullah
# 1730-1734 Sultan Hamidullah/Sultan Ilhamidullah/Sultan Kuning bin Sultan Tahmidullah I
# 1734-1759 Sultan Tamjidullah I bin Sultan Tahlilullah
# 1759-1761 Sultan Muhammadillah/Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah bin Sultan Il-Hamidullah/Sultan Kuning
# 1761-1801 Sultan Tahmidullah II/Sultan Nata bin Sultan Tamjidullah I
# 1801-1825 Sultan Sulaiman al-Mutamidullah/Sultan Sulaiman Saidullah II bin Tahmidullah II
# 1825-1857 Sultan Adam Al-Watsiq Billah bin Sultan Sulaiman al-Mutamidullah
# 1857-1859 Sultan Tamjidullah II al-Watsiqu Billah bin Pangeran Ratu Sultan Muda Abdur Rahman bin Sultan Adam
Resistance leaders against the Dutch
# 1859-1862
Sultan Hidayatullah Khalilullah bin Pangeran Ratu Sultan Muda Abdur Rahman bin Sultan Adam
# 1862
Pangeran Antasari bin Pangeran Mashud bin Sultan Amir bin Sultan Muhammad Aliuddin Aminullah
# 1862-1905 Sultan Muhammad Seman bin Pangeran Antasari Panembahan Amiruddin Khalifatul Mukminin
Revival
As of 2010, the sultanate was revived for cultural purposes in Martapura by Ir. Haji Gusti Khairul Saleh, an Indonesian politician & regent of
Banjar Regency
Banjar Regency is one of the eleven regencies in the Indonesian province of South Kalimantan; the capital is Martapura. It covers an area of 4,668.5 km2, and had a population of 506,839 at the 2010 Census, 553,721 at the 2015 Census and ...
who claimed to be descendant of the royal family. He also planned to rebuild the Banjar royal palace using his own private fund.
Family Tree
See also
*
Banjar people
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banjar, Sultanate of
Former countries in Borneo
Former sultanates
Precolonial states of Indonesia
Islamic states in Indonesia
Banjar
Banjar