Bandar Seri Begawan (BSB;
Jawi: بندر سري بڬاوان; ) is the
capital city of
Brunei. It is officially a
municipal area () with an area of and an estimated population of 100,700 as of 2007.
It is part of
Brunei-Muara District, the smallest yet most populous district which is home to over 70 per cent of the country's population.
It is the country's largest urban centre and nominally the country's only city. The capital is home to Brunei's seat of government, as well as a commercial and cultural centre. It was formerly known as Brunei Town until it was renamed in 1970 in honour of
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III
Sultan Sir Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien ( Jawi: ; 23 September 1914 – 7 September 1986) was the 28th Sultan of Brunei, reigning from 4 June 1950 until his abdication from the throne on 5 October 1967.
He was also Brunei's fir ...
, the 28th
Sultan of Brunei
The sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates bac ...
and the father of the current
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
.
The history of Bandar Seri Begawan can be traced back to the establishment of a
Malay
Malay may refer to:
Languages
* Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century
** Indonesi ...
stilt settlement on the waters of the
Brunei River which became the predecessor of
Kampong Ayer today. It became the capital of the
Bruneian Sultanate
Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by the ...
from the 16th century onwards, as well as in the 19th century when it became a British protectorate. The establishment of a British Residency in the 20th century saw the establishment of modern-day administration on land, as well as the gradual resettlement of the riverine dwellers to the land. During
World War II, the capital was
occupied by the Japanese forces from 1941 and bombed in 1945 upon liberation by Allied forces. Brunei's independence from the British was declared on 1 January 1984 on a square in the
city centre
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
.
Bandar Seri Begawan is home to
Istana Nurul Iman, the largest residential palace in the world by the
Guinness World Records,
and
Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque
Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque ( ms, Masjid Omar Ali Saifuddien, Jawi: مسجد عمر علي سيف الدين) is a mosque in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. It is one of the country's two or national mosques (the other Jame' Asr Ha ...
, Brunei's iconic landmark. It is also home to
Kampong Ayer, the largest 'water village' in the world and nicknamed
Venice of the East.
It was once the host city of the
20th Southeast Asian Games in 1999 and 8th
APEC Summit in 2000.
Name
The name Bandar Seri Begawan is derived from the official
Malay
Malay may refer to:
Languages
* Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century
** Indonesi ...
name, which translates to Seri Begawan City. It was named after
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III
Sultan Sir Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien ( Jawi: ; 23 September 1914 – 7 September 1986) was the 28th Sultan of Brunei, reigning from 4 June 1950 until his abdication from the throne on 5 October 1967.
He was also Brunei's fir ...
, the 28th
Sultan of Brunei
The sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates bac ...
and the late father of the current
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
.
Seri Begawan is part of the royal title bestowed on the late sultan upon his abdication from the throne in 1967.
The city was renamed on 4 October 1970 to commemorate his contribution to the modernisation of the country during his reign in the 20th century. Prior to this, the city had been known as Brunei Town or in
Malay
Malay may refer to:
Languages
* Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century
** Indonesi ...
(literally "Brunei City").
It is the only urban centre in the country which has the title ('city') in its official native name.
The capital is colloquially known by the locals as simply , meaning 'The City'. However, the name may not necessarily refer to the same area as encompassed by the city's official boundary. It may only refer to the
city centre
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
of the capital. Its reference may also extend beyond the official boundary, that is referring to the urbanised areas on the outskirts and even the entire
Brunei-Muara District, which is more common among residents who live outside of the district.
History
Human settlement in Brunei can be traced back to the sixth and seventh century with a
Malay
Malay may refer to:
Languages
* Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century
** Indonesi ...
trading centre and fishing port near the current site of the city.
The first settlement on the banks of the
Brunei River can be traced to the eighth century where there had been settlements similar to those in
Kampong Ayer, near the present site of the
Brunei Museum
The Brunei Museum ( ms, Muzium Brunei) is the national museum of Brunei. It is located in Kota Batu in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The museum has exhibits of Islamic art, historical period of the 16th century and archaeology and ethnograph ...
with the modern city on the opposite shore.
During the
Bruneian Empire period from 15th–17th century, the Sultanate ruled part of
Borneo including the southern part of the Philippines and its capital of
Manila, with the water settlement near the city area becoming the third centre of the administration, after moving twice from
Kota Batu and Kampong Ayer.
When the Sultanate rule declined through the 18th century due to the arrival of Western powers such as the Spanish, Dutch, and the British, the settlement population decreased from its peak of 20,000 inhabitants.
From 1888 until its independence in 1984, Brunei was a British protectorate and land development began in 1906 when the British resident encouraged the Sultanate citizens to move onto
reclaimed land on the western bank of the inlet.
In 1899, first oil well was drilled at Ayer Bekunchi near Kampung Kasat, Bandar Seri Begawan. Although the well was drilled to a depth of 259 metres (850 feet), no oil was found. Oil exploration in Brunei later shifted to
Seria and
Belait District in 1924. Sultan
Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
Jamalul Alam II (; ; 1889 – September 11, 1924) was the 26th Sultan of Brunei from 10 May 1906 until his death in 1924.
Early life
Born in 1889 at Istana Kampong Ayer, Bandar Brunei, he was the eldest surviving son of Sultan Hashim Jalilu ...
established a new palace on the west bank in 1909 after being persuaded by the British,
along with the arrival of
Chinese traders to boost the economy. A mosque and government buildings were built along the western shores in 1920.
In the same year, the new settlement was declared the new capital of Brunei and became a municipal area.
However, the city's prosperity was almost ended when it was captured by the
Japanese in 1941, before being recaptured by the
Allied
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...
forces in 1945. During the war, most infrastructure was destroyed by Japanese and Allied bombing.
The British began reconstructing most of their possessions in
Borneo at the end of 1945 with the restoration of law and order and the reopening of schools.
In 1950, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III, upon his ascension to the throne, negotiated with the British for an increase in corporate taxes, growing from 10% to 30% in 1953. A
M$1.2 million (US$0.39 million) allotment to Brunei for war damages during the
Japanese occupation increased from M$1 million in 1946 to M$100 million (US$32.6 million) in 1952. A five-year development plan with a budget of M$100 million was also implemented in 1953, with infrastructure receiving the largest percentage (80%) and the rest going toward social programmes.
Together with the expansion of the oil and gas industry, commercialisation began to transform Brunei's capital and a large number of public buildings were constructed, along with the development of a central business district in the 1970s and 1980s.
On 1 August 2007, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah gave consent for the expansion of the city from to .
Administration
City administration
The city is administered by the Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Board within Bandar Seri Begawan Municipal Department, a government department within the
Ministry of Home Affairs. The Municipal Board was established in 1921, originally as a Sanitary Board (') which was, and is still, responsible for maintaining the cleanliness to the then Brunei Town.
It achieved the status of ' (municipality) in 1935 with the conversion of the Sanitary Board into the current Municipal Board (').
Bandar Seri Begawan is de facto a city but it is officially a
municipality, thus has the same status as the towns of
Tutong,
Kuala Belait and
Seria.
The city is located in
Brunei-Muara District, the smallest yet the most populous
district in the country. As of 1 August 2007, the municipal area has been expanded from to . The area overlaps with several of the district's
mukims
A mukim is a type of administrative division used in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The word ''mukim'' is a loanword in English. However, it was also originally a loanword in Malay from the Arabic word: (meaning ''resident''). The clo ...
and
villages, which include:
The mukims of Burong Pingai Ayer, Peramu, Saba, Sungai Kebun, Sungai Kedayan and Tamoi, as well as their constituent villages, make up
Kampong Ayer, the traditional stilted settlement on the Brunei River in the capital.
National government
Bandar Seri Begawan is the capital city of Brunei and the seat of the
Brunei Government. It houses
Istana Nurul Iman, whereby aside from the residential palace of
Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
, the current
Sultan of Brunei
The sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates bac ...
, it is also a seat of the
Prime Minister's Office, in which the Prime Minister is also the Sultan himself. The Prime Minister's Office also has a second seat within the capital, that is located at Jalan Perdana Menteri. Bandar Seri Begawan also houses the headquarters of all government ministries and most departments and agencies.
Geography
Bandar Seri Begawan is located at 4°53'25"N, 114°56'32"E, on the northern bank of the
Brunei River.
Climate
Brunei has an equatorial,
tropical rainforest climate more subject to the
Intertropical Convergence Zone
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ ), known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather, is the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. It encircles Earth near the thermal e ...
than to the
trade winds and rare
cyclone
In meteorology, a cyclone () is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as viewed from above (opposite to an anti ...
s. The climate is hot and wet. The city sees heavy precipitation throughout the year, with the northeast
monsoon blowing from December to March and the southeast monsoon from around June to October.
The wettest day on record is 9 July 2020, when of rainfall was reported at the airport.
Demography
Ethnicity and religion
The Bruneian Census 2011 Report estimated the population of Bandar Seri Begawan to be approximately 20,000, while the metropolitan area has around 279,924.
The majority of Bruneians are
Malays
Malays may refer to:
* Malay race, a racial category encompassing peoples of Southeast Asia and sometimes the Pacific Islands
** Overseas Malays, people of Malay race ancestry living outside Malay archipelago home areas
** Cape Malays, a communit ...
, with
Chinese being the most significant minority group.
Aboriginal groups such as the
Bisaya,
Belait,
Dusun,
Kedayan,
Lun Bawang,
Murut, and
Tutong also exist. They are classified as part of the Malay ethnic groups and have been given the
Bumiputera privileges.
Large numbers of foreign workers are also found within Brunei and the capital city, with the majority being from Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia (mostly Betawi, Batak, Ambon, Minahasa, and Minangkabau), and the
Indian subcontinent.
Places of interest
Mosques
*
Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque – Built in 1958, it features a golden dome and an interior of Italian marble walls, carpeting and an elevator. It has tunnels that are used by the sultan on journeys through the town. It is considered by some to be one of the world's most beautiful mosques.
*
Jame' Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque – This is the largest mosque in Brunei. It was built to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the sultan's reign. It is known locally as the Kiarong mosque.
*
Al-Ameerah Al-Hajjah Maryam Mosque – This green mosque is next to Jalan Jerudong.
*
Ash-Shaliheen Mosque – This mosque is next to the prime minister's office in Bandar Seri Begawan. Its architecture is inspired by
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (), known in English as the Prophet's Mosque, is a mosque built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the city of Medina in the Al Madinah Province of Saudi Arabia. It was the second mosque built by Muhammad in Medina, after Qub ...
in Saudi Arabia and Spain's
Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba.
Historical sites
* Late sultan
Bolkiah's tomb in Kota Batu
* Late sultan
Sharif Ali's tomb in Kota Batu
* Royal Wharf
The Royal Ceremonial Hall or Lapau
Located in Jalan Kianggeh, the
Lapau
The Lapau, also known as the Royal Ceremonial Hall, is a ceremonial hall in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. It is where the royal ceremonies, state investiture and some state events are traditionally held. It was the place where the present Sult ...
(Royal Ceremonial Hall) is used for royal traditional ceremonies. It was here that the sultan
Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
was crowned on 1 August 1968. The interior of the Lapau and sultan's throne are decorated in exquisite gold. Within the precincts of the Lapau is the Dewan Majlis where the legislative assembly used to sit. Official permission is required by visitors to enter this building. With the completion of the new legislative council building in Jalan Mabohai, the Lapau will soon become a symbol of the sultanate's constitutional history.
The Royal Mausoleum (
Kubah Makam Di Raja
The Royal Brunei Mausoleum ( ms, Kubah Makam Diraja Brunei) is a Royal Mausoleum of Brunei located at Jalan Tutong, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. The Mausoleum is the main resting place and burial ground for several Sultans of Brunei and member ...
)
Located away from the banks of Brunei River, behind the Freshco Shopping Centre at Mile One, Jalan Tutong, the Royal Mausoleum and the graveyard have been used by succeeding generations of sultans. Inside the Mausoleum itself are the remains of the last ten sultans,
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin (1950–1967), who died in 1986,
Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin
Ahmad Tajuddin Akhazul Khairi Waddien ( Jawi: ; August 22, 1913 – June 4, 1950) was the 27th Sultan of Brunei from 11 September 1924 until his death. After his death in 1950, he was then succeeded by his younger brother Omar Ali Saifuddien ...
(1924–1950),
Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II (1906–1924),
Sultan Hashim
Sulṭān Hāshim Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Ṭāʾī ( ar, سلطان هاشم أحمد محمد الطائي; 1945 – 19 July 2020) was an Iraqi military commander, who served as Minister of Defense under Saddam Hussein's regime. Considered one ...
(1885–1906),
Sultan Abdul Momin (1852–1885),
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (1828–1852),
Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam (1807–1826),
Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam I who ruled less than a year in 1804,
Sultan Muhammad Tajuddin (1778-1804,1804-1807), and
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin I (1740–1778). Other members of the royal families from those times are also buried there.
Dang Ayang Mausoleum
A legendary figure who was chased away from
Kampong Ayer for committing adultery. Adultery was a taboo in Bruneian society. She died in what we know today as Pusat Bandar (Central City). However some sources say that she was a Queen of Brunei.
Pulau Chermin Royal Cemetery
The Pulau Chermin Royal Cemetery ( ms, Makam Diraja Pulau Chermin) is a Royal burial ground located at Pulau Chermin, one of the islands on the
Brunei River. The cemetery served as the resting place of
Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin, the 13th Sultan of Brunei who ruled from 1660 to 1673. He was buried there along with members of his family who also perished during the outbreak of
Brunei Civil War in 1660. They were killed there on the island during the final days of the civil war in 1673.
The Royal Cemetery is gazetted as one of Brunei National Heritage Site under the Antiquities and Treasure Trove Act, 1967 revised 1984, 1990 and 2002, preserved by the Brunei Museums Department and protected by the government of Brunei Darussalam.
Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin (died 1673) grave is located at the site.
Luba Royal Mausoleum
The Luba Royal Mausoleum ( ms, Makam Di Luba) is a former Royal burial ground located at Pulau Luba,
Kampung Bunut, Brunei. The Mausoleum served as the resting place of
Sultan Hussin Kamaluddin, the 16th Sultan of Brunei who was buried here in 1780. Before his death, Sultan Hussin Kamaluddin used to reside in Pulau Luba especially after his abdication from the Throne in 1740. He was well known in the history of Brunei as the only Sultan who abdicated twice from the Throne. Beside the Sultan, members of the Royal family were also buried in the compound. The Mausoleum is gazetted as one of Brunei National Heritage Site under the Antiquities and Treasure Trove Act, 1967 revised 1984, 1990 and 2002, preserved by the Brunei Museums Department and Brunei History Department and protected by the government of Brunei Darussalam.
Istana Darussalam
Istana Darussalam is a former royal residence of
Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III
Sultan Sir Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien ( Jawi: ; 23 September 1914 – 7 September 1986) was the 28th Sultan of Brunei, reigning from 4 June 1950 until his abdication from the throne on 5 October 1967.
He was also Brunei's fir ...
, as well as the birthplace of
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
.
It was built in the 1940s and located at
Sumbiling Lama
Sibat is the Filipino word for spear, used as a weapon or tool by natives of the Philippines. The term is used in Tagalog and Kinaray-a. It also called bangkaw, sumbling or palupad in the islands of Visayas and Mindanao; and budjak (also spelled ...
, an area on the banks of Kedayan River near the
city centre
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
.
The building is made of wood and styled in traditional
Malay stilt house. It has been designated as a protected monument under the Antiquities and Treasure Trove Act.
The palace has also been designated as a tourist attraction,
although the compound within the gate and the building is not open to public. The road that leads to the place has been named after it.
Museums
*
Brunei Museum
The Brunei Museum ( ms, Muzium Brunei) is the national museum of Brunei. It is located in Kota Batu in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. The museum has exhibits of Islamic art, historical period of the 16th century and archaeology and ethnograph ...
(Muzium Brunei) – Located on an archaeological site at Kota Batu about from Bandar Seri Begawan, this museum is the largest in the country. It was established in 1965 and has occupied its present site since 1970. Officially opened in 1972, the museum focuses on Islamic history, natural history, Brunei artefacts and customs, ceramics and the oil industry of Brunei, which includes the processes of drilling and refining, the history of the petroleum industry and a map depicting current oil fields.
*
Malay Technology Museum
The Malay Technology Museum ( ms, Muzium Teknologi Melayu) is a museum in Kota Batu, a historical area in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. It was opened in 1988 and contains exhibits on the traditional technologies used by the indigenous people of ...
– The museum was officially opened in 1988.
*
Royal Regalia Museum – Located at Jalan Sultan, this museum is devoted to the sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. The main gallery displays the coronation and Silver Jubilee chariots, gold and silver ceremonial armoury and traditional jewellery encrusted coronation crowns. A collection of documents that chronicle the sultan's life up to the coronation, together with the constitutional history gallery, is also housed in the same building.
* Brunei History Centre – Located at Jalan Sultan next to the Royal Regalia Museum, the centre was opened in 1982 with a mission to research the history of Brunei. Much of that work has involved establishing the genealogy and history of the sultans and royal family. The public display has a wealth of information on these subjects, including replicas and brass rubbings of tombs. A flowchart giving the entire lineage of the Brunei sultans may be found at the entrance.
* Brunei Stamp Gallery – This recently opened attraction is located inside the post office building in Jalan Sultan.
*
Bumbungan Dua Belas – This "House of Twelve Roofs" is located in the Jalan Residency. It was built in 1906 and was formerly the official residence of British residents and high commissioners in Brunei. It is one of the oldest surviving buildings in Bandar Seri Begawan. It now serves as a gallery that exhibits the long-standing relationship between the sultanate and the United Kingdom.
* The Arts and Handicrafts Centre – Located at Jalan Residency, it was opened in 1980. Brunei's fine arts and crafts tradition dates back centuries and is part of the nation's proud heritage. The Arts and Handicrafts Centre conducts courses in silverware, brassware, woodcarving, songkok-making, weaving and basketry.
Istana Nurul Iman
The
Istana Nurul Iman palace is the residence of the sultan of Brunei. It is located 3 km southwest of the city centre. Its name is taken from Arabic, meaning "Palace of the Light of Faith." The palace was designed by
Leandro V. Locsin and built by the Filipino firm
Ayala Corporation, mixing Malay and Islamic elements in the building architecture. It contains 1,788 rooms, with 257 bathrooms, and a banquet hall that can accommodate up to 5,000 guests. The palace only opens to the public during the yearly three-day
Hari Raya Adilfitri celebration.
Kampong Ayer
The city's suburb incorporates nearby Kampong Ayer (water village), in which houses were built on
stilts. It stretches about along the Brunei River. Founded 1,000 years ago, the village is considered the largest stilt settlement in the world, with approximately 30,000 residents and 2,000 houses. The term "Venice of the East" was coined by
Antonio Pigafetta in honour of the water village that he encountered at Kota Batu (just east of city's central business district). Pigafetta was on
Ferdinand Magellan's last voyages when he visited Brunei in 1521.
Parks and trails
The Waterfront
This latest addition to Bandar Seri Begawan strategically overlooks the historical Kampong Ayer. The approximately site took almost three years to be completed and was officially opened to the public on 28 May 2011. The Waterfront is accessible 24 hours a day for the public to enjoy sightseeing and visit outdoor cafes.
Persiaran Damuan
This narrow strip of landscaped park between Jalan Tutong and the Sungei Brunei was created in 1986 as a "Square". It has a permanent display of the work of a sculptor from each of the original ASEAN countries. The -long park has pleasant walkways bordered by shrubs and the mangrove-fringed Pulau Ranggu, where two species of monkeys live, including the notable
proboscis monkey
The proboscis monkey (''Nasalis larvatus'') or long-nosed monkey is an arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose, a reddish-brown skin color and a long tail. It is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo and is found mostly ...
only found in
Borneo. The park also offers some of the best views of the Istana Nurul Iman.
Jalan Tasek Lama
Located just a few minutes' walk from the city centre, this is a popular trekking trail for the city's residents. There are well-made walkaways through the small park, which has benches and picnic spots as well as a waterfall and ponds with water lilies.
Bukit Subok Recreational Park
The park offers a great view of the Kampong Ayer and downtown Bandar Seri Begawan. There is a well-maintained wooden walkaway with viewing huts along the way. These huts provide good vantage points for Kampong Ayer and its surroundings.
Youth centre
is the
youth centre in the capital. It is a dedicated complex — the foundation stone was laid on 27 August 1967 by
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Hassanal Bolkiah ibni Omar Ali Saifuddien III ( Jawi: ; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei since 1967 and the Prime Minister of Brunei since independence from the United Kingdom in 1984. He is one ...
(then the or Crown Prince).
It was completed on 15 March 1969 and opened on 20 December in the same year.
The reported cost is
B$2 million.
Among the facilities include a hall which can accommodate 1,000 people, a gymnastics hall, an olympic-sized swimming pool, and a gender-separated hostel.
The centre celebrated the
golden jubilee
A golden jubilee marks a 50th anniversary. It variously is applied to people, events, and nations.
Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, golden jubilee refers the 50th anniversary year of the separation from Pakistan and is called in Bengali ''"সু ...
of its opening in 2020.
Transportation
Land
The capital is connected by
Bus from Bandar Seri Begawan to the western part of the country by road. Road access to/from the exclave of
Temburong is via the
Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Bridge
Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Bridge ( ms, Jambatan Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien, Jawi: ), also known as Temburong Bridge ( ms, Jambatan Temburong, Jawi: ), is a dual-carriageway bridge in Brunei that spans across Brunei Bay, connecting ...
— until the bridge opened in 2020, it was necessary to travel through
Sarawak in
Malaysia, via the town of
Limbang.
The main bus station in the capital is located in Jalan Cator underneath a multi-story car park. There are six bus routes servicing Bandar Seri Begawan area; the Central Line, Circle Line, Eastern Line, Southern Line, Western Line and Northern Line. The buses operate from 6.30 am until 6.00pm except for bus No. 1 and 20 which have extended to the night. All bus routes begin and terminate their journey at the main bus terminal. Buses heading to other towns in Brunei such as Tutong, Seria and Kuala Belait also depart from the main bus terminal and
Taxicab.
Air
Brunei International Airport serves the whole country. It is located from the town centre and can be reached in 10 minutes via the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Highway.
Royal Brunei Airlines, the national airline, has its head office in the RBA Plaza in the city.
Water
A
water taxi service known as 'penambang' is used for transportation between downtown Bandar Seri Begawan and
Kampong Ayer. Water taxis are the most common means of negotiating the waterways of Kampong Ayer. They can be hailed from the numerous "docking parts" along the banks of the
Brunei River. Fares are negotiable. Regular water taxi and boat services depart for
Temburong between 7:45 am and 4 pm daily, and also serve the Malaysian towns of
Limbang,
Lawas,
Sundar Sundar (Devanagari: सुन्दर) is an adjective signifying attractive, beautiful, good, handsome or nice. It has its origin in Sanskrit language. The word is also used as names of people by speakers of languages branching off of Indo-Aryan l ...
and
Labuan. A
speedboat is used for passengers travelling to
Penambang Ferry Service and from
Bangar and Limbang.
Economy
The city produces
furniture
Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., stools, chairs, and sofas), eating (tables), storing items, eating and/or working with an item, and sleeping (e.g., beds and hammocks). Fu ...
,
textiles,
handicrafts, and
timber.
Shopping
Brunei has a number of shopping areas, including the following:
* Gadong Central is where many shopping complexes, shops, and restaurants are located (e.g., The Mall Gadong, Western fast food restaurants, and Ayamku, the local fast food chain). There is also a night market called Pasar Malam Gadong.
* Serusop Complex, few small shopping malls and shopping complexes can be found near
Brunei International Airport.
* Rimba Point, a medium-sized mall with Jaya supermarket.
* Tungku-link Commercial Complex, various shophouses and local and Korean restaurants, textiles shops, carpet.
* Beribi Complex.
* Kiulap Commercial Precinct in Kiarong, Kiulap Mall, private colleges, banks and various restaurants from local to Pakistani and Korean restaurants.
* Abdul Razak Complex and Seri Complex in Jalan Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha, Batu Satu.
*Aman Hill Shopping Mall located at Sg. Tilong.
*Huaho Mall, Kg. Manggis.
* One City Mall, Kg. Salambigar, Sg. Hancing.
Traditional markets
Tamu Kianggeh
The open market brings together numerous small entrepreneurs selling local vegetables, fruits, live chickens and fish, potted plants, assorted food and beverages.
Pasar Pelbagai Barangan Gadong / Pasar Malam (night market)
Located a few metres away from the Mall Gadong, the market brings together numerous small entrepreneurs just like in Tamu Kianggeh. However, it focuses more on selling foods such as sate, soto, national dishes like nasi katok and ambuyat, fruits and beverages, and wooden handicrafts. During the day, it is where local botanists sell their potted plants.
Education
All levels of education are available in Bandar Seri Begawan from kindergarten to the tertiary level.
Primary and secondary
There are several primary and secondary schools in Bandar Seri Begawan which may be government or private. Nevertheless, the curriculum in all of the schools, except Seri Mulia Sarjana International School, is standardised and set by the
Ministry of Education, as with the schools elsewhere in the country.
*Raja Isteri Girls High School: is an
all-girls' government secondary school built in 1957. It is among the oldest secondary schools, as well as the first secondary school for girls, in the country.
Religious
There are also several religious schools which provide Islamic education for the Muslim pupils. The schools that can be found in the capital include primary religious schools as well as Arabic preparatory schools, which provide preparatory education in Arabic medium for entry into the secondary level of the Arabic religious stream. There is also a specialised secondary religious school, ''
Institut Tahfiz Al-Qur'an Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah'', which aims to produce local
''hafiz''. The curriculum in these schools is set by the
Ministry of Religious Affairs.
Sixth form
There are two
sixth form centres in the capital and they are government schools.
Duli Pengiran Muda Al-Muhtadee Billah College provides sixth form in the general stream where as
Hassanal Bolkiah Boys' Arabic Secondary School is for leavers of Arabic secondary religious schools.
Universities and colleges
Technical and vocational
Technical and vocational education are available in the two campuses of the
Institute of Brunei Technical Education () as well as the main campus of
Brunei Polytechnic. The
Business Campus and
Sultan Saiful Rijal Campus, which are part of IBTE, were once separate schools, known as Business School (''Sekolah Perdagangan'') and Sultan Saiful Rijal Technical College (''Maktab Teknik Sultan Saiful Rijal'') respectively.
Vocational education is also available in a few private institutions, which provide diploma- and certificate-level courses.
Higher
Two of the four national universities of the country can be found in the capital.
Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University
Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University ( Malay: ''Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali''; abbreviated UNISSA; Arabic: جامعة السّلطان الشّريف عليّ الإسلاميّة) is Brunei's second university. It was established in 2007 a ...
, located in
Gadong area, offers degree programmes in Islamic studies, where as
Seri Begawan Religious Teachers University College
Seri Begawan Religious Teachers University College (Arabic: جامعة سري بڬاوان التربية الدينية ; Malay: ''Kolej Universiti Perguruan Ugama Seri Begawan''; abbreviated
An abbreviation (from Latin ''brevis'', meaning ...
is a
teacher training college which produces teachers in Islamic religious education mainly for the religious schools in the country. The other two universities,
University of Brunei Darussalam and
University of Technology Brunei, are located in
Tungku, which is not part of Bandar Seri Begawan but located on its outskirts.
There are also two private colleges which offer bachelor programmes, namely
International Graduate Studies College
International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations".
International may also refer to:
Music Albums
* ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011
* ''International'' (New Order album), 2002
* ''International'' (The T ...
and
Laksamana College of Business.
International relations
Several countries have set up their embassies, commissions or consulates in Bandar Seri Begawan, including Australia,
Bangladesh, Belgium,
Benin,
Burkina Faso,
Burma (Myanmar)
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
,
Cambodia, Canada,
Chile, China, Finland, France, Germany, India,
Indonesia, Japan,
Laos
Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...
,
Malaysia, Netherlands, New Zealand,
North Korea,
Oman, Pakistan,
Philippines, Poland, Russia,
Saudi Arabia,
Singapore,
South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland,
Taiwan,
Thailand, United Kingdom, United States and
Vietnam.
Sister city
*
Nanjing, PR China
Gallery
File:Panorama Bandar Seri Begawan 19.05.2018.jpg, View of the Judiciary complex with the City Centre and Kampong Ayer in the background
File:Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque.JPG, Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque facade
File:Kampong Ayer BSB1.JPG, Kampong Ayer
File:Memorial Bandar Seri Begawan.jpg, Memorial depicting 60 in Arabic, to commemorate the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's 60th birthday
File:Tomb of late Sultan Syarif Ali.JPG, Tomb of Sharif Ali, also known as Barkat Ali, the third Sultan of Brunei, who ruled 1426–1432
File:Jalan Sultan City center BSB Brunei.JPG, Street view of Jalan Masjid Omar 'Ali Saifuddien
File:Outside the Royal Regalia Building BSB.JPG, Outside view of the Royal Regalia Building
File:Kampong Ayer Sungei Brunei.JPG, Sungai Brunei (Brunei River)
File:Gadong BSB Brunei.jpg, Street in Gadong, one of the main commercial areas of Bandar Seri Begawan
Notes
References
External links
Municipal Department of Bandar Seri BegawanTourist Map of Bandar Seri BegawanBandar Seri Begawan, Brunei - Weather.com
{{Authority control
Populated places in Brunei
Municipalities in Brunei
Populated places established in 1906
Capitals in Asia
1906 establishments in Asia
1906 establishments in the British Empire