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Bagni di Craveggia is a ''
frazione A ''frazione'' (plural: ) is a type of subdivision of a ''comune'' (municipality) in Italy, often a small village or hamlet outside the main town. Most ''frazioni'' were created during the Fascist era (1922–1943) as a way to consolidate territ ...
'' of the municipality of Craveggia, in
Piedmont it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...
,
northern Italy Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative regions ...
. It is located in Valle Onsernone at , on the border with the Swiss municipality of
Onsernone Onsernone is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Ticino, near the city of Locarno. The river Isorno runs through this valley. The municipality was created in 1995 by a merger of Comologno, Crana and Russo.Comologno Comologno is a village and former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. In 1995 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Crana and Russo to form a new and larger municipali ...
and is crossed by the Isorno river. It owes its name to a source of thermal water at .


History


Early mentions

Bagni di Craveggia was mentioned for the first time indirectly in the phrase "flumen de aqua calida" (''warm water flow'') on 11 January 1299 on the occasion of a land cession to the Locarnese Orelli family of recorded in Toceno. Obviously, the thermal springs had been known in the region for a long time. The first direct mention can be found in a document from Craveggia from 1352, which speaks of the healing properties of water in rachitic and lymphatic diseases. Another mention followed in 1406.


Territorial changes

For centuries, Bagni di Craveggia belonged to the Comune di Onsernone, which dates back to the High Middle Ages and has been a federal subject area (Ennetbergische Vogteien) since the late Middle Ages. From this community in the farthest part of Valle Onsernone, limited pasture and corresponding passage rights to the municipality of Craveggia have been granted since 1406. B. the right of felling in the forests still the sovereignty (confirmed in the contract of the two municipalities of 31 October 1767). In 1806/1807, however, the furthest valley was ceded to the
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
ic
Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...
. The definitive Italian-Swiss border treaty was drawn up in the chapel of Acquacalda in 1807 (Convenzione d’Acquacalda, including the final settlement of the claims of the Italian community of Dissimo, which today belongs to the community of Re in Valle Vigezzo).


Thermal hotel and World War II

In 1819, a six-story hotel with thermal facilities was built at the thermal spring belonging to the municipality of Craveggia. Although it was the only significant thermal spring in the area of the
Ossola The Ossola (, also Valle Ossola or Val d’Ossola) is an area of Italy situated to the north of Lago Maggiore. It lies within the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola. Its principal river is the Toce, and its most important town Domodossola. Et ...
Valley, the inconvenient access slowed down the development of the thermal resort. The thermal guests usually traveled via
Locarno , neighboring_municipalities= Ascona, Avegno, Cadenazzo, Cugnasco, Gerra (Verzasca), Gambarogno, Gordola, Lavertezzo, Losone, Minusio, Muralto, Orselina, Tegna, Tenero-Contra , twintowns =* Gagra, Georgia * Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic ...
in Switzerland to Comologno in an eight-hour carriage ride before they had to cover the last three to four kilometers with their luggage on mules or on foot on a mule track. The extension of the road from Comologno to the thermal baths, which the municipality of Craveggia was striving for, only met with limited hearing from the Ticino authorities in the 1930s, when the footpath was upgraded to a fourth-class road. Towards the end of World War II, Bagni di Craveggia belonged to the partisan republic of Ossola. On 18 and 19 October 1944, the battle of the Bagni di Craveggia took place here, a border incident between German-Italian fascists, who were pursuing fleeing partisans, and the
Swiss Army The Swiss Armed Forces (german: Schweizer Armee, french: Armée suisse, it, Esercito svizzero, rm, Armada svizra; ) operates on land and in the air, serving as the primary armed forces of Switzerland. Under the country's militia system, re ...
. In the
Winter of Terror The Winter of Terror was a three-month period during the winter of 1950–1951 during which an unprecedented number of avalanches took place in the Alps along the Austria–Switzerland border. The series of 649 avalanches killed over 265 people ...
, an avalanche fell from the north (Swiss side) on the Bagni and almost completely destroyed it; only the basement of the bath building and the slightly higher chapel remained. Further damage occurred on the occasion of the storm of 1978. After an Italian hydropower project that had not been implemented, two new pools (one with river water and one with thermal water) and two new tubs (refillable with thermal water) were opened on 1 August 2015.Website Ticinonews vom 2. August 2015
''Un successo di cooperazione transfrontaliera''
Zeitung
La Stampa ''La Stampa'' (meaning ''The Press'' in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy. History and profile The paper was fou ...
vom 2. Dezember 2014
''Alleanza tra Italia e Svizzera per il futuro dei Bagni di Craveggia''


References


External links

{{authority control Frazioni of the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Enclaves and exclaves Craveggia