Bagni di Craveggia is a ''
frazione
A ''frazione'' (plural: ) is a type of subdivision of a ''comune'' (municipality) in Italy, often a small village or hamlet outside the main town. Most ''frazioni'' were created during the Fascist era (1922–1943) as a way to consolidate territ ...
'' of the municipality of
Craveggia, in
Piedmont
it, Piemontese
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,
northern Italy
Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative regions ...
. It is located in
Valle Onsernone at , on the border with the Swiss municipality of
Onsernone
Onsernone is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Ticino, near the city of Locarno. The river Isorno runs through this valley.
The municipality was created in 1995 by a merger of Comologno, Crana and Russo.[Comologno Comologno is a village and former municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.
In 1995 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Crana and Russo to form a new and larger municipali ...]
and is crossed by the
Isorno river. It owes its name to a source of thermal water at .
History
Early mentions
Bagni di Craveggia was mentioned for the first time indirectly in the phrase "flumen de aqua calida" (''warm water flow'') on 11 January 1299 on the occasion of a land cession to the
Locarnese Orelli family of recorded in
Toceno. Obviously, the thermal springs had been known in the region for a long time. The first direct mention can be found in a document from Craveggia from 1352, which speaks of the healing properties of water in rachitic and lymphatic diseases. Another mention followed in 1406.
Territorial changes
For centuries, Bagni di Craveggia belonged to the Comune di Onsernone, which dates back to the High Middle Ages and has been a federal subject area (Ennetbergische Vogteien) since the late Middle Ages. From this community in the farthest part of Valle Onsernone, limited pasture and corresponding passage rights to the municipality of Craveggia have been granted since 1406. B. the right of felling in the forests still the sovereignty (confirmed in the contract of the two municipalities of 31 October 1767).
In 1806/1807, however, the furthest valley was ceded to the
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
ic
Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...
. The definitive
Italian-Swiss border treaty was drawn up in the chapel of Acquacalda in 1807 (Convenzione d’Acquacalda, including the final settlement of the claims of the Italian community of Dissimo, which today belongs to the community of
Re in Valle Vigezzo).
Thermal hotel and World War II
In 1819, a six-story hotel with thermal facilities was built at the thermal spring belonging to the municipality of Craveggia. Although it was the only significant thermal spring in the area of the
Ossola
The Ossola (, also Valle Ossola or Val d’Ossola) is an area of Italy situated to the north of Lago Maggiore. It lies within the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola. Its principal river is the Toce, and its most important town Domodossola.
Et ...
Valley, the inconvenient access slowed down the development of the thermal resort. The thermal guests usually traveled via
Locarno
, neighboring_municipalities= Ascona, Avegno, Cadenazzo, Cugnasco, Gerra (Verzasca), Gambarogno, Gordola, Lavertezzo, Losone, Minusio, Muralto, Orselina, Tegna, Tenero-Contra
, twintowns =* Gagra, Georgia
* Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic
...
in Switzerland to Comologno in an eight-hour carriage ride before they had to cover the last three to four kilometers with their luggage on mules or on foot on a mule track. The extension of the road from Comologno to the thermal baths, which the municipality of Craveggia was striving for, only met with limited hearing from the Ticino authorities in the 1930s, when the footpath was upgraded to a fourth-class road.
Towards the end of
World War II, Bagni di Craveggia belonged to the partisan republic of Ossola. On 18 and 19 October 1944, the battle of the Bagni di Craveggia took place here, a border incident between German-Italian fascists, who were pursuing fleeing partisans, and the
Swiss Army
The Swiss Armed Forces (german: Schweizer Armee, french: Armée suisse, it, Esercito svizzero, rm, Armada svizra; ) operates on land and in the air, serving as the primary armed forces of Switzerland. Under the country's militia system, re ...
.
In the
Winter of Terror
The Winter of Terror was a three-month period during the winter of 1950–1951 during which an unprecedented number of avalanches took place in the Alps along the Austria–Switzerland border. The series of 649 avalanches killed over 265 people ...
, an avalanche fell from the north (Swiss side) on the Bagni and almost completely destroyed it; only the basement of the bath building and the slightly higher chapel remained. Further damage occurred on the occasion of the storm of 1978. After an Italian hydropower project that had not been implemented, two new pools (one with river water and one with thermal water) and two new tubs (refillable with thermal water) were opened on 1 August 2015.
[Website Ticinonews vom 2. August 2015]
''Un successo di cooperazione transfrontaliera''
Zeitung La Stampa
''La Stampa'' (meaning ''The Press'' in English) is an Italian daily newspaper published in Turin, Italy. It is distributed in Italy and other European nations. It is one of the oldest newspapers in Italy.
History and profile
The paper was fou ...
vom 2. Dezember 2014
''Alleanza tra Italia e Svizzera per il futuro dei Bagni di Craveggia''
References
External links
{{authority control
Frazioni of the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola
Enclaves and exclaves
Craveggia