Prince is the codename for a family of

straight-four A straight-four engine (also called an inline-four) is a four-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The vast majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the e ...

16-valve all-aluminium

gasoline engine A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as ''E ...

s with

variable valve lift Variable valve lift (VVL) is an automotive piston engine technology which varies the height a valve opens in order to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. There are two main types of VVL: discrete, which employs fixed valve lift amounts, ...

and

variable valve timing In internal combustion engines, variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event, and is often used to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. It is increasingly being used in combination with varia ...

developed by

PSA Peugeot Citroën The PSA Group (), legally known as Peugeot S.A. (Peugeot Société Anonyme, trading as Groupe PSA; formerly known as PSA Peugeot Citroën from 1991 to 2016) was a French multinational automotive manufacturing company which produced automobiles ...

and BMW. It is a compact engine family of 1.4–1.6 L in displacement and includes most modern features such as

gasoline direct injection Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline (petrol), where fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. This is distinct fro ...

and

turbocharger In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

. The BMW versions of the Prince engine are known as the N13 and the

Mini The Mini is a small, two-door, four-seat car, developed as ADO15, and produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors, from 1959 through 2000. Minus a brief hiatus, original Minis were built for four decades and sold during ...

versions are N12 (Double VANOS, Valvetronic 118hp @ 6000rpm) in 2007-2010 Cooper; N14 (Single VANOS, Turbocharged 171hp @ 5500 rpms) in 2007-2010 Cooper-S; N14 (Single VANOS, Turbocharged 208hp @ 6000rpm) in 2009-2013 JCW Cooper; N16 (Double VANOS, Valvetronic 121hp @ 6000rpms) in 2011-2013 Cooper and N18 (Double VANOS, Valvetronic Turbocharged 181hp @ 5500rpm) in 2011-2013 Cooper-S. It replaced the

Tritec engine The Tritec engine (also known as Pentagon) is a four-cylinder petrol engine that was manufactured between 1999 and 2007 by Tritec Motors in Brazil and was used in various cars including Chrysler and Mini models. Tritec Motors Ltda In 1997, Chrysl ...

family in the Mini and was first introduced in 2006 for MINI. Later in 2011 also for BMW models

F20 F20, F-20, F.XX, or F-XX may refer to: * F20 manual transmission, a General Motors transmission * Northrop F-20 Tigershark, a combat aircraft * Farmall F-20, a model of Farmall tractor * Fokker F.XX, a Dutch airliner * Fujifilm FinePix F20, a dig ...

and F21 114i, 116i and 118i . This was the first longitudinal engine mount option for Prince engine. PSA has started to use the Prince family in 2006 to replace a part of their TU family (the other part being replaced by the EB engine) — the

Peugeot 207 The Peugeot 207 is a supermini car ( B) that was designed and produced by the French automaker Peugeot from 2006 to 2014. It was presented at the Geneva Motor Show in 2006, and entered production in April 2006, as the successor to the Peugeot 2 ...

being the first car to receive it. The engine's components are produced by PSA at their

Douvrin Douvrin (; vls, Doverin) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. Geography Douvrin is an ex-coalmining town some east of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the D165, the D163 and t ...

, France, facility, with MINI and BMW engine assembly at

Hams Hall Hams Hall is a place near Lea Marston in North Warwickshire, England, named after the former Hams Hall manor house. A power station at Hams Hall was constructed and operated in the late 1920s; a further two power stations began generating electr ...

in Warwickshire, UK. The co-operation was announced on 23 July 2002 with the first engines produced in 2006. The Prince engine project is not related to the

Prince Motor Company The Prince Motor Company (Japanese: ) was an automobile marque from Japan which eventually merged into Nissan in 1966. It began as the Tachikawa Aircraft Company, a manufacturer of various airplanes for the Japanese Army in World War II, e.g. ...

. In late 2006, an extension of the cooperation between the two groups was announced, promising new four-cylinder engines, without further details. On 29 September 2010, it was announced by BMW that the 1.6Turbo version of the Prince engine would be supplied from 2012 to

Saab Saab or SAAB may refer to: Brands and enterprises * Saab Group, a Swedish aerospace and defence company, formerly known as SAAB, and later as Saab AB ** Datasaab, a former computer company, started as spin off from Saab AB * Saab Automobile, a fo ...

for use in forthcoming models, primarily the 9-3. However with the closure of SAAB supply never started. At the Geneva Auto Show 2011, Saab unveiled their latest concept vehicle Saab PhoeniX with BMW Prince Engine 1.6T ; On 25 June 2014 1.6-litre turbo Prince engine won its eighth consecutive

International Engine of the Year The International Engine of the Year is an annual competition for automotive industry internal combustion engines and electric motors, judged by a panel of automobile journalists from around the world. It is organised by UKi Media & Events' Automot ...

Award in the 1.4 to 1.8-litre category. In 2014 the Prince engine beat, among others, the new BMW B38 engine which is replacing the Prince engine in the Mini and BMW lineups.

Design

The Prince family shares its basic block dimensions with the previous

PSA TU engine The TU family of small inline-four piston engines by PSA Peugeot Citroën were introduced in 1986 and used in the Peugeot and Citroën range of cars. It was first installed in the Citroën AX in October 1986, replacing the X family, although it ...

family. Engineering design was directed by BMW using their

Valvetronic The Valvetronic system is a BMW variable valve lift system which, in combination with VANOS, allows infinite adjustment of the intake valve timing and duration. The system claims to improve fuel economy and emissions, and negates the need for a ...

variable valve lift system on the intake side, flow-controlled oil pump, timing chain, single belt drive of all ancillary units, composite camshafts and cylinder head produced by lost-foam casting. It is also equipped with an on-demand water pump.

Gasoline direct injection Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), is a mixture formation system for internal combustion engines that run on gasoline (petrol), where fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. This is distinct fro ...

with a

twin-scroll turbocharger In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

will be used on the higher power versions. All Prince engines will share cylinder bore spacing, with bore. The 1.6 litre engine has a stroke of . The engine features a two-piece "bedplate" aluminum crankcase for extra stiffness.

litre EP3/EP3C (PSA)

The 1.4 L PSA EP3 and EP3C
is the smallest member of the Prince family with a stroke measuring and total capacity of . Depending on application, power output varies from while torque varies from . Applications: * 2005–2014

* 2007–2010 Mini Hatch, Mini One * 2007–2013

Peugeot 308 The Peugeot 308 is a small family car produced by French automaker Peugeot. It was unveiled in June 2007, and launched in September 2007. The 308 replaced the 307, and positioned below the 508 and above the smallest 208. The 308 is followed by a ...

(308 CC until 2015) * 2009–2013

Citroën C3 The Citroën C3 is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by Citroën since April 2002. It replaced the Citroën Saxo in the model line up, and is currently in its third generation. The third generation model made its appearance in June 2016, and ...

* 2009–2017

Citroën C3 Picasso The Citroën C3 Picasso is a car produced by the French motor company Citroën from 2008–2017. It has a five-door mini MPV design and was first unveiled at the 2008 Paris Motor Show as a concept car named "Drooneel". The Picasso is the mini ...

* 2009–2012

Citroën DS3 The DS 3 (formerly known as Citroën DS3 and DS 3 Crossback) is a luxury supermini initially produced by the French automobile manufacturer Citroën and officially launched in January 2010. This was the first and entry-level model from the D ...

* 2012–2015

Peugeot 208 The Peugeot 208 is a supermini car (B-segment in Europe) produced by the French automaker Peugeot. Unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2012 and positioned below bigger 308 and above smaller 108. The 208 replaced the 207 in 2012, and the ca ...

litre EP6/EP6C naturally aspirated (PSA)

The 1.6 L engine is used in the second-generation

MINI The Mini is a small, two-door, four-seat car, developed as ADO15, and produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors, from 1959 through 2000. Minus a brief hiatus, original Minis were built for four decades and sold during ...

and various

models. It has an stroke for a total of of displacement. The

naturally aspirated Naturally may refer to: ;Albums * ''Naturally!'', an album by Nat Adderley * ''Naturally'' (Houston Person album) * ''Naturally'' (J. J. Cale album) * ''Naturally'' (John Pizzarelli album) * ''Naturally'' (Sharon Jones album) * ''Naturally'' ...

variant (EP6, EP6C) has conventional

fuel injection Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All comp ...

and lost-foam cast

cylinder head In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often abbreviated to simply "head") sits above the cylinders and forms the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines, the head is a simple sheet of metal; whereas in more modern ov ...

s. Its 11:1

compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine at their maximum and minimum values. A fundamental specification for such engines, it is measured two ways: the stati ...

creates an output of at 6000 rpm with a redline of 6500 rpm. Torque is at 4250 rpm. Applications: * 2007–2012

Sport * 2007–2015

Mini Cooper Mini Cooper may refer to: *Cars of the original Mini series called the "Mini Cooper", made by the British Motor Corporation and its successors 1961–1971, and 1990–2000 *Cars of the Mini (marque), including a number of different models produced ...

* 2007–2014 Mini Hatch, Mini One * 2012–2015

* 2013–2015

Peugeot 2008 The Peugeot 2008 is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) produced by the French automaker Peugeot. Unveiled at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show and positioned below the 3008, the first 2008 replaced the Peugeot 207 SW, as Peugeot did not release an ' ...

* 2007–2013

(308 CC until 2015) * 2010–2015

Peugeot 3008 The Peugeot 3008 is a compact crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Peugeot. It was first presented to the public in Dubrovnik, Croatia in 2008, and then again in 2010 at the Mondial de l'Automobile in Paris, by the French manufacturer Peuge ...

* 2011–2015

Peugeot 508 The Peugeot 508 is a mid-size/large family car produced by the French automaker Peugeot, and followed by the 508 SW, an estate version, in 2011. Production of the 508 began in 2010 as an indirect replacement for the 407 and 607, for which no d ...

* 2008–2014

Citroën C4 The Citroën C4 is a small family car/compact car (also classified as a compact crossover SUV since 2020) produced under their Citroën marque, from the French automaker PSA Group, and later Stellantis. It was positioned to be the successor to ...

* 2009–2016

DS 3 The DS 3 (formerly known as Citroën DS3 and DS 3 Crossback) is a luxury supermini initially produced by the French automobile manufacturer Citroën and officially launched in January 2010. This was the first and entry-level model from the DS ...

* 2009–2015

DS 4 The DS 4 (Citroën DS4 before 2015) is a compact car, and it is the second model in the luxury DS sub-brand created by Citroën, now an independent brand. Starting in 2021, it is currently in its second generation, which is based on an all-new ...

* 2009–2014

* 2009–2017

1.6 litre charged (PSA)

The

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

1.6 L unit adds

and has special low-pressure die-cast heads. It has an stroke for a total of of displacement. At first, there were two versions on offer – the THP150 and THP175, also known as the EP6DT and EP6DTS respectively within Peugeot. The first was later updated as EP6CDT and also as THP163, EP6CDTM. There is also EP6CDT MD – with lowered compression ratio. For the THP150 maximum torque is at 1400 rpm. Power output is at 5500 rpm. Applications: * 2006–2014

CC/GT * 2007–present

* 2011–present

* 2010–present

Peugeot RCZ The Peugeot RCZ is a 2+2 sports coupé designed and marketed by PSA Group under the Peugeot marque and assembled by Magna Steyr between 2009 and 2015. It debuted at the Frankfurt Auto Show in 2009. History The vehicle was showcased as the 308 ...

(THP156) * 2008–present

* 2008–present

Citroën C4 Picasso The Citroën C4 SpaceTourer (formerly the Citroën C4 Picasso) is a five-seater car produced by French manufacturer Citroën with a seven-seater version called the Grand C4 SpaceTourer (formerly the Grand C4 Picasso) also available. It has a five ...

* 2008–present

Citroën Grand C4 Picasso Citroën () is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded in March 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën is owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired 8 ...

* 2013– Citroën C4 Sedan – the car assembled in Russia, Kaluga * 2009–2019

* 2010–2018

* 2012–2018

DS 5 The DS 5 is a compact executive hatchback which was designed and developed by the French automaker Citroën, and launched in the market in Europe in November 2011. It was the third model in the premium sub brand DS. Released as the Citroën ...

* 2011–present

Peugeot 408 The Peugeot 408 is an automobile nameplate A nameplate identifies and displays a person or product's name. Nameplates are usually shaped as rectangles but are also seen in other shapes, sometimes taking on the shape of someone's written ...

Sport * 2012–present

For the THP163 maximum torque is at 1400 rpm. Power output is at 5500 rpm. Applications: * 2011–present

* 2015–present

Citroën C4 Grand Picasso Citroën () is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded in March 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën is owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired ...

* 2016–present

* 2017–present

Peugeot 5008 The Peugeot 5008 is a series of automobiles produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot since 2009. Originally compact MPV in classification, for model year 2017 it was reclassified as a compact crossover SUV. Five- and seven-seat versions have b ...

* 2018–present

Citroën C4 Cactus The Citroën C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV, produced by French automaker Citroën in Spain between April 2014 and December 2017, with production of the second generation commencing in October 2017 (until May 2020 in Villaverde), with the ...

(for Argentina, Brazil and some Latin American markets) For the THP175 (EP6DTS, later EP6CDTS) maximum torque is at 1600 rpm, remaining flat to 5000 rpm. Power output is at 5500 rpm. An overboost function is available which temporarily increases torque to between 1700 rpm and 4500 rpm in gears 3 to 5. Applications: * 2006–2010

RC * 2007–2010

Mini Cooper S The Mini is a small, two-door, four-seat car, developed as ADO15, and produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors, from 1959 through 2000. Minus a brief hiatus, original Minis were built for four decades and sold during ...

* 2007–2011

John Cooper Works John Cooper Works (JCW) is an English car brand now owned by BMW and used on its Mini (marque), Mini vehicles. It was founded in 2002 by Michael Cooper, son of John Cooper (car maker), John Cooper, the racing car maker and tuner responsible for t ...

( – only used by BMW) * 2008–present

* 2010–201?

Racing – EP6CDTS – 202 hp In 2010 Peugeot released the 1.6 THP engine (EP6CDTX) with at 5500 rpm, maximum torque at 1700 rpm. It featured direct injection,

and

. It was first introduced in the

sport compact Sport compact is an American car classification for a high-performance version of an affordable compact car or a subcompact car. There is no precise definition and the description is applied for marketing purposes to a wide variety of models. C ...

for the 2010

model year The model year (sometimes abbreviated "MY") is a method of describing the version of a product which has been produced over multiple years. The model year may or may not be the same as the calendar year in which the product was manufactured. ...

, where it generates . Applications: * 2010–2015

* 2010–2013

GTi * 2010-2018

* 2012–2019

GTi * 2021–present

GT Hybrid4 () The 2012–2014 Mini John Cooper Works GP featured additional performance, with at 6000 rpm and of torque at 2000–5100 rpm from a larger turbo and engine internals. PSA has now released a new Euro 6 engine based on the THP in the following Engine codes: * EP6FDT –

Puretech 180,

DS 7 Crossback The DS 7 Crossback, now known as simply the DS 7, is a compact luxury crossover SUV from the French automaker DS Automobiles. The vehicle was presented for the first time on 28 February 2017, and its public premiere was at the 87th Geneva Motor ...

Puretech 180,

Citroën C5 Aircross The Citroën C5 Aircross is a compact crossover SUV produced by the French automaker Citroën since late 2017. It started as the Citroën Aircross concept car which was unveiled at the 2015 Shanghai Auto Show. The production version was officiall ...

PureTech 180 * EP6FDTX – // 1.6l THP

GTi * EP6FDT –

Puretech 225,

Hybrid4 225,

E-Tense 225, Secma F16 Turbo * EP6FDTR – / 1.6l THP

GTi * EP6CDTR – 1.6l THP

BMW N13 version

The turbocharged 1.6 litre version used by BMW is called the BMW N13. The N13 replaced the naturally aspirated

BMW N43 The BMW N43 is a naturally aspirated four-cylinder petrol engine which was sold from 2006-2013. It replaced both the BMW N46 and BMW N45 engines. However the N43 was not sold in countries with high sulfur fuel, therefore the N45/N46 engines rema ...

engine and was produced from 2011 to 2016. It is BMW's first turbocharged four-cylinder petrol engine since the

BMW 2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains independence from Indonesia and ...

Turbo ceased production in 1974. BMW sold the N13 alongside the larger displacement

BMW N20 The BMW N20 is a turbocharged four-cylinder DOHC petrol engine with variable valve lift and variable valve timing which replaced the N53 (or BMW N52 in some markets) and was produced from 2011 to 2017 by BMW. Although the N20 is a four-cylind ...

turbocharged four-cylinder engine. The N13 was effectively replaced by the turbocharged three-cylinder

BMW B38 The BMW B38 is a turbocharged straight-three DOHC petrol engine, which replaced the straight-four BMW N13. Production started in 2013. It is part of a modular BMW engine family of straight-three (B38), straight-four ( B48) and straight-six ( ...

engine. Applications: 75 kW version * 2012–2015

BMW 1 Series (F20) The second generation of the BMW 1 Series consists of the BMW F20 (5-door hatchback) and BMW F21 (3-door hatchback) subcompact cars. The F20/F21 generation was produced by BMW from 2011 to 2019 and is often collectively referred to as the F20. F ...

114i 100 kW version * 2011–2015

116i * 2012–2015

BMW 3 Series (F30) The sixth generation of the BMW 3 Series consists of the BMW F30 (sedan version), BMW F31 (wagon version, marketed as 'Touring') and BMW F34 (fastback version, marketed as 'Gran Turismo') compact executive cars. The F30/F31/F34 generation was pr ...

316i 125 kW version * 2011–2015

118i * 2012–2015

320i 130 kW version * 2015–2016

120i

Mini N14 and N18 versions

The turbocharged 1.6 litre versions used by Mini are called the Mini N14 and Mini N18. The N18 succeeded the N14 and had double Vanos. The N14/N18 engine uses direct injection, a

and

(variable valve lift).

Issues

There has been several cases of recalls and/or extended warranty due to failing HPFP (high pressure fuel pumps) in the Prince engine There was a service bulletin issued in 2013 due to failing timing chains and timing chain tensioner, both designed by BMW, in the Prince engine

Production

The production of MINI version of 'Prince' family of engines is set to end by 2016, and be replaced by its very latest 3 and 4 cylinder Engine family –

BMW B37 The BMW B37 is a , Diesel engine, diesel, 3 cylinder engine with a single, mono-scroll and VTG turbocharger. The compression ratio is 16.5:1. It is the second engine from BMW's modular engine plan sharing most of its components with the BMW B38 pet ...

and

BMW B48 The BMW B48 is a turbocharged inline-four petrol engine which replaced the BMW N20 and has been in production since 2014. It was first used in the F56 Mini Hatch and has been used in BMW applications since 2015. The B48 is part of a modular ...

. In 2015 it was announced, on the Hong Kong Stock exchange, that BMW had signed an IPR deal with XCE. They will make the N18 TVDI engine in China for use in various Brilliance Automotive vehicles (JV Partner of BMW in China) and also for other China OEM's. PSA will continue to develop the higher power models of the engine family, with future production planned for China with its JV partners DONFENG (DPCA) and Changan（CAPSA）.

References

Bibliography

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Prince Engine Française de Mécanique engines PSA engines BMW engines Straight-four engines Gasoline engines by model