Axochiapan
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Axochiapan is a city in the
Mexican state The states of Mexico are first-level administrative territorial entities of the country of Mexico, which is officially named Mexico, United Mexican States. There are 32 federal entities in Mexico (31 states and the capital, Mexico City, as a sepa ...
of
Morelos Morelos (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Morelos), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 36 municipalities and its capital city is Cuer ...
. It stands at , at a mean height of above sea level. It is surrounded by the State of
Puebla Puebla ( en, colony, settlement), officially Free and Sovereign State of Puebla ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its cap ...
to the east and south,
Jonacatepec Jonacatepec de Leondro Valle is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality reported 15,690 inhabitants in the year 2015 census. The name ''Jona ...
to the north, and
Tepalcingo Tepalcingo is a town in the Mexican state of Morelos. It at . The name Nahuatl root ''tekpa-tl'' (flint), ''tzintli'' (saves honor), ''tzinco'' (back of an individual), so in sum it means ''tekpatzinko'' "down or behind the flints". Tepalcingo ...
to the west. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality reported 35,689 inhabitants in the year 2015 census. In 2020 the municipality of Axochiapan had 39,174 inhabitants and the city of Axochiapan had 19,085. Axochiapan is notable for the numbers of inhabitants that migrate north to the
Minneapolis Minneapolis () is the largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County. The city is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls. Minneapolis has its origins ...
,
Minnesota Minnesota () is a state in the upper midwestern region of the United States. It is the 12th largest U.S. state in area and the 22nd most populous, with over 5.75 million residents. Minnesota is home to western prairies, now given over to ...
area.


Etymology & Shield

The origin of Axochiapan's name comes from "axochi-tl", which means “water flower or water lily”. This comes from the many white
lilies ''Lilium'' () is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. M ...
that form like carpets on the ponds and lakes in the area. The shield's appearance is due to the water lilies that are prevalent in the area. Its peeking out of the water conveys how, just like in real life, they rapidly grow and reproduce in water, particularly during the month of August.


History

Axochiapan is a city with ancient
Olmec The Olmecs () were the earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization. Following a progressive development in Soconusco, they occupied the tropical lowlands of the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco. It has been speculated that t ...
and
Tlahuica Cuernavaca (; nci-IPA, Cuauhnāhuac, kʷawˈnaːwak "near the woods", ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Morelos in Mexico. The city is located around a 90-minute drive south of Mexico City using the Federal Highway 95D. The na ...
n origins. They were dominated by the
Aztec Empire The Aztec Empire or the Triple Alliance ( nci, Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān, Help:IPA/Nahuatl, jéːʃkaːn̥ t͡ɬaʔtoːˈlóːjaːn̥ was an alliance of three Nahua peoples, Nahua altepetl, city-states: , , and . These three city-states ruled ...
. With the Spanish conquest, the village stopped paying tribute to the Aztec Empire and came under the rule of the Spanish Crown. Axochiapan belonged to the municipality of
Jonacatepec Jonacatepec de Leondro Valle is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality reported 15,690 inhabitants in the year 2015 census. The name ''Jona ...
from 1824 to 1869. Later, the State of Morelos was created, which also created the municipality of Tetelilla. From 1869 to 1898, Axochiapan belonged to Tetelilla until it finally became its own municipality on November 9, 1898, covering territory that previously belonged to Tetelilla (with exception to a city which was integrated with
Jonacatepec Jonacatepec de Leondro Valle is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality reported 15,690 inhabitants in the year 2015 census. The name ''Jona ...
). Axochiapan's first town hall was installed and the town's first mayor, Luis G. Rebolledo, assumed office at that time. A number of citizens from Axochiapan joined the fight during the
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
, including Joaquín Camaño, Marcelino Rodríguez, Marcelino Vergara, Benigno Abundes, and José Palma. The epicenter of the September 19, 2017 earthquake was 7.5 miles southeast of Axochiapan. Four people in the municipality were killed. The Secretary of Health reported that 243 homes were destroyed and 1,161 were damaged in the municipality. Felix Sanchez Espinoza of
Juntos Haremos Historia Juntos Haremos Historia () was a Mexican political coalition encompassing the National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), Labor Party (PT), and Social Encounter Party (PES), the latter of which was consequently absorbed into the National Regenerati ...
(Together we will make history coalition) was elected Presidente Municipal (mayor) on July 1, 2018. While the state of Morelos reported 209 cases and 28 deaths due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. Howe ...
, as of April 27, 2020, no cases were reported in Axochiapan. Schools and many businesses were closed from mid March until June 1. On April 1, members of the community threatened to burn the hospital if patients with COVID-19 were treated there; on May 5, one of the leader
died from COVID-19.
Two people died of COVID-19 on June 6 and authorities delivered the bodies to the wrong families, but the mistake was discovered before cremation. One hundred thirty-eight cases were reported in the municipality on December 27, 2020. The hospital dedicated to the care of serious COVID-19 cases reached 100% capacity on January 15, 2021. Vaccinations for senior citizens (60+) are scheduled to begin on March 12, 2021. Fifteen people died in Axochiapan,
Jantetelco Jantetelco, officially Jantetelco de Matamoros, is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. . The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality reported 17,238 inhabitants in the year 2015 ce ...
, and
Tepalcingo Tepalcingo is a town in the Mexican state of Morelos. It at . The name Nahuatl root ''tekpa-tl'' (flint), ''tzintli'' (saves honor), ''tzinco'' (back of an individual), so in sum it means ''tekpatzinko'' "down or behind the flints". Tepalcingo ...
due to adulterated alcohol on
Mother's Day Mother's Day is a celebration honoring the mother of the family or individual, as well as motherhood, maternal bonds, and the influence of mothers in society. It is celebrated on different days in many parts of the world, most commonly in the ...
. Members of the community burned the house that had sold the adulterated alcohol; no one was inside at the time. The alcohol caused 18 deaths in Axochiapan and 11 others in nearby municipalities. The state office of DIF sent food and water to vulnerable groups of people in eight municipalities including Axochiapan on May 26.


Communities

''Axochiapan'' is the municipal seat. It has a population of 19,085 and an altitude of 1,033 meters (3,389 ft.) above sea level. There are 26 schools: eight preschools, eight elementary schools (grades 1-6), two middle schools (grades 7-9), two public and four private high schools (grades 10-12), one special education school, and one school for adult education. It is 108 km (67 miles) from Cuernavaca and 157 km (98 miles) from Mexico City. ''Telixtac'' has a population of 5,534 and an altitude of 1,095 meters. There is a preschool, two elementary schools, and a middle school. It is 8 km from Axochiapan. ''Atlacahualoya'' has a population of 3,818 and an altitude of 1,039 meters above sea level. There is a preschool, an elementary school, and a middle school. It is 7 km from Axochiapan. ''Quebrantadero'' has a population of 2,462 and an altitude of 1,069 meters. There is a preschool, an elementary school, and a middle school. It is 5 km from Axochiapan. ''Marcelino Rodriguez (San Ignacio)'' has a population of 2,223 and an altitude of 1,100 meters above sea level. There is a preschool, an elementary school, a middle school, and a high school. It is 10 km from Axochiapan. ''Tlalayo'' has a population of 807 and an altitude of 999 meters. There is a preschool, an elementary school, and a middle school. It is 6 km from Axochiapan.


Connections to the Mexican Revolution

Axochiapan was not untouched during the
Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
. Members from the
Liberation Army of the South The Liberation Army of the South ( es, Ejército Libertador del Sur, ELS) was a guerrilla force led for most of its existence by Emiliano Zapata that took part in the Mexican Revolution from 1911 to 1920. During that time, the Zapatistas fough ...
such as Alejandro Casales, Joaquín Caamaño, Marcelino Rodríguez, Marcelino Vergara, Benigno Abundes, and José Palma had connections to the city. General Alejandro Casales was one of the most important leaders during the Mexican Revolution. He fought in rebel operations in Morelos and helped organize peasant resistance. On March 11, 1911, peasants in Morelos took up arms in
Ayala Ayala may refer to: Places * Ciudad Ayala, Morelos, Mexico * Ayala Alabang, a barangay in Muntinlupa, Philippines * Ayala Avenue, a major thoroughfare in the Makati Central Business District, Philippines * Ayala, Magalang, a barrio in Magalang ...
. Directed by Pablo Torres Burgos, they headed south to take Tlalquiltenango and
Jojutla Jojutla is a municipality in the state of Morelos, Mexico. Its municipal seat is the city of ''Jojutla de Juárez''. The name ''Jojutla'' comes from Nahuatl ''Xoxōuhtlān'' () and means, ''Place of abundant blue skies''. Another interpretation is ...
. When Burgos failed to control his men, he resigned from their command. After he left, he was captured and executed by his enemies. This left Casales to organize the soldiers. Soon, forces under the command of Morelos Cuernavaca and the 18th regiment under the control of Colonel Javier Rojas began to search for Casales. It wasn't long before the 18th Regiment found Casales. He fought heroically all day until he was finally caught and burned alive. However, he had left Axochiapan organized to be the background for a new municipality. General ''José Palma'' was born in Axochiapan; in 1911 he joined the Zapatista movement. He fell in battle, and his body was never found. General ''Marcelino Rodríguez'' was from San Pablo Hidalgo in Tlaltizapán. He acted with military forces inside the borders of Morelos. He was an officer under the orders of General Francisco Mendoza, acting as the head of his escorts and later as the colonel of his own guerrilla group. General ''Benigno Abundes'' was from Axochiapan. He fought under the orders of General Lorenzo Vázquez. On August 30, 1911, when Emiliano Zapata broke with the group, Abundes took control of his troops. He continued battling in ''Tilzapotla, Los Hornos, Nexpa, Quetzalpa, Chaucingo''. and ''San Miguel'' in the state of
Guerrero Guerrero is one of the 32 states that comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 81 municipalities and its capital city is Chilpancingo and its largest city is Acapulcocopied from article, GuerreroAs of 2020, Guerrero the pop ...
. ''Joaquín Camaño Pérez'' was born in Axochiapan in 1887. Joaquín was the son of Martín Camaño and Petra García Sánchez. He began fighting at a very young age because he was angered by injustice. His scope included Jonacatepec to Chietla in the state of Puebla. He united with General Francisco Mendoza's forces and was in the contingent that accompanied the General
Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata Salazar (; August 8, 1879 – April 10, 1919) was a Mexican revolutionary. He was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920, the main leader of the people's revolution in the Mexican state of Morelos, and the ins ...
in Chinameca where he was assassinated.


Important dates

* 1542: Fray Juan de Alameda, in the name of King Carlos V, founds the town and calls it San Pablo de Axochiapan. * 1869: Axochiapan integrates with the municipality of Santo Tomás of Tetelilla. * 1887: Axochiapan becomes an independent municipality with Don Luis G. Rebolledo as the president. * 1996: Axochiapan celebrated its 450th anniversary since its founding of in Tlahuican culture. * 1997: Axochiapan celebrates its centennial as a municipality.


Location

Axochiapan is located in southeastern Morelos at 18°30’ N and 98°45’ W at an altitude of 1,030 meters (3,379 ft.) above sea level. It is bordered on the north with the municipality of
Jonacatepec Jonacatepec de Leondro Valle is a city in the Mexican state of Morelos. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality reported 15,690 inhabitants in the year 2015 census. The name ''Jona ...
, to the south and east with the state of
Puebla Puebla ( en, colony, settlement), officially Free and Sovereign State of Puebla ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its cap ...
, and to the east with the municipality of
Tepalcingo Tepalcingo is a town in the Mexican state of Morelos. It at . The name Nahuatl root ''tekpa-tl'' (flint), ''tzintli'' (saves honor), ''tzinco'' (back of an individual), so in sum it means ''tekpatzinko'' "down or behind the flints". Tepalcingo ...
.


Environment


Area

The municipality has an area of 172.9 km2 (66.8 square miles), representing 2.9% of the state's total. 1,093 hectares (2,700 acres) are used for farming and 780 hectares (1,927 acres) are used for ranching.


Topography

Axochiapan is located in a valley crossed by ravines. Its ground is hard to work with, and its geologic structure is that of large sediments, conglomerate rocks, and sands of various grades. The area is hilly near the southeast end of town, and those hills make up approximately 12.2% of the city. Axochiapan is mostly flat in its other areas.


Hydrography

The city's main water resources are mainly made up of the Amatzinac River and the ''Tenango River'' which cross the city. There are the gullies named ''Tochatlaco, Los Ahuhuetes'', and ''El Pajarito''. The ''Carros'' and ''Cayehuacan'' dams allow the city to use the water from the San Francisco River Tributary from the Nexpa River, which benefits more than 1,000 families, supports 45 deep wells, and is also used for agriculture.


Climate

The average annual temperature is 22 °C to 24 °C (71° to 75 °F), with rainfall that barely reaches 1,000 mm2 (39@) per year covering the months of June to September. Winds run from north to south.


Flora and fauna

Vegetation is primarily low deciduous forest:
amate Amate ( es, amate from nah, āmatl ) is a type of bark paper that has been manufactured in Mexico since the precontact times. It was used primarily to create codices. Amate paper was extensively produced and used for both communication, record ...
(a fig tree that grows to 75 feet tall), ''cubata'' (an acacia that grows to 25 feet tall),
mesquite Mesquite is a common name for several plants in the genus ''Prosopis'', which contains over 40 species of small leguminous trees. They are native to dry areas in the Americas. They have extremely long roots to seek water from very far under grou ...
, peanuts, ''ceibas'' (a spiny tree that grows to 25 feet), ''cuatecomates'' (a tree with yellow or purple fruit), ''guajes'' (a legume), plum, ''guamuchil'' (a tree with red fruit), ''tepehuaje'' (a small tree), among others. We can find mammals such as coyote, opossum, skunk, fox, squirrel, ferret, armadillo, and rabbit. There are reptiles such as the
iguana ''Iguana'' (, ) is a genus of herbivorous lizards that are native to tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. The genus was first described in 1768 by Austrian naturalist Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in his bo ...
and turtles; and amphibians, such as frogs. Birds include sparrow, buzzard, pigeon, magpies, quail,
herons The herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 72 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genera ''Botaurus'' and ''Ixobrychus ...
, and
chachalacas Chachalacas are galliform birds from the genus ''Ortalis''. These birds are found in wooded habitats in the far southern United States (Texas), Mexico, and Central and South America. They are social, can be very noisy and often remain fairly co ...
. Fish include catfish,
mojarra The mojarras are a family, Gerreidae, of fish in the order Perciformes. The family includes about 53 species found worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions. They mostly inhabit coastal salt and brackish waters, although some occur in fre ...
, and carp.


Natural resources

There are large deposits of different types of sand, ideal for making plaster. Mining is an important industry in the area.


See also


Encyclopedia of municipalities (Spanish)
* Governors of Morelos *
Morelos Morelos (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Morelos), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 36 municipalities and its capital city is Cuer ...
*
List of people from Morelos, Mexico The following are people who were born, raised, or who gained significant prominence for living in the Mexican state of Morelos: ''This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by exp ...


References

{{Authority control Municipalities of Morelos Populated places in Morelos