The Arap or Arab ( so, Arab, ar, أرب, Full Name: ''Muḥammad ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy'' ) clan is a major clan of the wider
Isaaq clan family and is the twin of
Garhajis
The Garhajis ( so, Garxajis, ar, غرحجس , Full Name: ''Al-Qādhī Ismā'īl ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin'' ''al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy'') historically known as the Habar Gerhajis () is a major clan of the wider Isa ...
(Ismail), according to the clan genealogy. The Arap predominantly live on the middle and southwest side of
Hargeisa
Hargeisa (; so, Hargeysa, ar, هرجيسا) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Somaliland. It is located in the Maroodi Jeex region of the Horn of Africa. It succeeded Burco as the capital of the British Somaliland Protectora ...
and in the
Baligubadle district
Baligubadle District ( so, Degmada Baligubadle) is a district in the Maroodi Jeex region of Somaliland. The district was created in 2019 and was carved out of the wider Hargeisa District. The capital of the district is Baligubadle. which straddle ...
(former
Hawd region) of
Somaliland, with its capital
Baligubadle
Baligubadle is a town in the southern Maroodi Jeex region of Somaliland. being an exclusively Arap territory. The territory of the clan extends to Ethiopia, in the area of Baligubadle. The Abdalle Arap, a sub-clan of the Arap clan is based in the
Togdheer
Togdheer ( so, Togdheer, ar, تُوْجْدَيْر, Tūjdayr) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in central Somaliland. Togdheer is bordered by Maroodi Jeex to the west, Saaxil to the north, Sanaag to the northeast, Sool to the east a ...
,
Sool
Sool ( so, Sool, ar, صول) is an administrative region ('' gobol'') in south eastern Somaliland/north western Somalia. It borders Togdheer to the west, Sanaag to the north, Ethiopia to the south and Nugal, Bari to the east. Its capital city ...
Hargeisa
Hargeisa (; so, Hargeysa, ar, هرجيسا) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Somaliland. It is located in the Maroodi Jeex region of the Horn of Africa. It succeeded Burco as the capital of the British Somaliland Protectora ...
and
Sahil regions.
History
Lineage
The semi-legendary
sheikh Ishaaq ibn Ahmed was one of the Arab travellers who according to legend crossed the sea from Arabia to the
Horn of Africa to spread Islam around 12th to 13th century. He is said to have been descended from the prophet
Muhammad's daughter
Fatimah. Hence the sheikh is purported to have belonged to the
or
, titles given to the descendants of the prophet. He is said to have married two local women from the
Dir clan in Somaliland that left him eight sons, one of them being Muhammad (Arap). The purported descendants of those eight sons constitute the Isaaq clan-family.
Along with the other constituent sub-clans of the Habr Magaadle confederation (including
Garhajis
The Garhajis ( so, Garxajis, ar, غرحجس , Full Name: ''Al-Qādhī Ismā'īl ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin'' ''al-Ḥusayn al-Hāshimīy'') historically known as the Habar Gerhajis () is a major clan of the wider Isa ...
,
Habr Awal and
Ayub
Ayub (Arabic: ايّوب ''Ayūb'', commonly written ايوب) is the Arabic name of the Abrahamic prophet Job. Here it refers to the Islamic prophet which is mentioned in the Quran, see Job in Islam.
The spread of the name among Muslims is par ...
), the Arap too took part in the conquest of
Abyssinia
The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historica ...
under the
Adal Sultanate
The Adal Sultanate, or the Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate, ''Adal ''Sultanate'') () was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din II ...
.
Role in the SNM
Baligubadle, which straddles the border between Ethiopia and Somaliland, was the headquarters of the
Somali National Movement (SNM) during the
Somaliland War of Independence
The Somaliland War of Independence ( so, Dagaalkii Xoraynta Soomaaliland, lit=Somaliland Liberation War) was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from ...
from the regime of general
Siad Barre
Mohamed Siad Barre ( so, Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Osmanya script: ; ar, محمد سياد بري; c. 1910 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali head of state and general who served as the 3rd president of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 19 ...
.
The Araps were heavily involved in the SNM and led the first military offensive of the SNM near
Baligubadle
Baligubadle is a town in the southern Maroodi Jeex region of Somaliland. where a small force attacked a fuel tanker supplying the
Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party regime's base in the town. This operation was organised by local commanders without prior planning utilizing a local force of clansmen based at the organisation's Lanqeyrta base in
Hawd
The Haud (also Hawd) (, ), formerly known as the Hawd Reserve Area is a plateau situated in the Horn of Africa consisting of thorn-bush and grasslands. The region includes the southern part of Somaliland as well as the northern and eastern parts ...
.
Hassan Isse Jama was also one of original founders of the SNM in London.
He was also the first vice president of Somaliland and served as the deputy chairman of the SNM.
Furthermore in 1983,
Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah of the Arap clan was the first sultan to leave Somalia to Ethiopia and openly cooperate with the
SNM.
The Araps were the first clan to disarm their military unit (the 10th division under
Guutada Sheekh Sancaani) and hand over their weapons after the liberation of Somaliland.
Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah agreed to lead the process of demobilization. This put pressure on other clans to follow suit, and, in early 1994, a well-staged ceremony was held in the Hargeysa football stadium to hand over weapons, playing an instrumental role in the
Somaliland peace process
The Somaliland Peace Process refers to the series of grassroot initiatives that brought peace to Somaliland after the collapse of central government of Somalia. In conjunction with the Somali National Movement, communities in Somaliland (formerly ...
.
Arap Clan tree
The Arap clan is divided into the following sub-clans:
*
Sheikh Ishaaq Bin Ahmed (Sheikh Ishaaq)
**Muhammad (''Arap'')
*** 'Sh Osman Arap
*** Abdallah Arap
***Eli Arap
****Musa Eli (This section lives near the vicinity of Harar with the Barsuug of Dir)
****Zubayr Eli
****Mohammad Eli
*****Abokor Mohammed
******Hashim Abokor
*******'Umar Hashim
*******Hussein Hashin
********Musa 'Umar
********Saleban 'Umar
********'Abdallah 'Umar
*********Adan 'Abdallah (Warabe)
*********'Ali 'Abdallah (Rer 'Ali)
*********Ahmad 'Abdallah
******Musa Abokor
*******Mahamoud Musa (Afyare)
*******'Abdallah Musa
*******Mohammed Musa (Fanax)
*******Yusuf Musa
******Abdallah Abokor
*******Gulane 'Abdallah
*******Samane 'Abdallah
********Hussein Samane
********Yusuf Samane
********Mahamoud Samane The Sultan of
Arab's Royal Lineage
Notable Arap people
*
Hassan Isse Jama - One of the founding fathers of the
SNM in London. Former Deputy chair of SNM, First vice president of Somaliland.
*
Edna Adan Ismail
Edna Adan Ismail ( so, Edna Aadan Ismaaciil ama Adna Aadan Ismaaciil) (born 8 September 1937) is a nurse midwife, activist and was the first female Foreign Minister of Somaliland from 2003 to 2006. She previously served as Somaliland's Minister ...
- The first Somali woman to study in Britain, first qualified nurse-midwife, and former foreign minister of Somaliland.
*
Farah Nur - Legendary Somali poet from late 1800s- early 1900s
[{{Cite journal, last=Roble, first=Faisal, date=2015, title=Remembering Said S. Samatar, url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141, journal=Northeast African Studies, volume=15, issue=2, pages=141–148, doi=10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141, jstor=10.14321/nortafristud.15.2.0141, s2cid=146172236, issn=0740-9133]
*
Sultan Mohamed Sultan Farah - Former Sultan of the Arap clan and commander of the
SNM's
10th division
* Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim dayib-guray - Former Minister of commerce, politician and former
SNM commander
*
Abdilahi Husein Iman Darawal
Abdilahi Husein Iman Darawal ( so, Cabdilaahi Xuseen Iimaan Darawal) is a Somaliland politician and former senior SNM senior commander. Darawal belongs to the Arap clan of the wider Isaaq clan family.
See also
* Politics of Somaliland
* ...
- Somaliland politician and former
SNM commander
*
Abdullahi Abdi Omar "Jawaan" - Somaliland politician and introducer of the
National emblem of Somaliland
The national emblem of Somaliland ( so, Astaanta Qaranka Somaliland, ar, شعار أرض الصومال), was introduced on 14 October 1996 along with the flag of Somaliland, when it was approved by the National Conference. It was introduced by ...
* Abdi Iidan Farah - 20th century Somali poet who wrote about Somali independence and camels
* Sheikh Mohamed Sheikh Omar Dirir - Prominent religious scholar and businessman
*
Mohamed Saqadhi Dubbad - former Chief of
Somaliland Police Force
*
Abdillahi Fadal Iman - former Chief of
Somaliland Police Force
* Dr Omar Elmi Dihood - One of the founding fathers of the
SNM and Somaliland lobbyist in the U.K.
* Ahmed Osman (Also known as "Ina Geele-Arap") - Business tycoon in Djibouti and Somaliland and founder of
Somaliland Beverage Industries (SBI)
*Siad Sadiq, mentioned in the
* Boon Hersi - Comedian/Poet
*
Essa Kayd
Dr. Essa Abdirahman Mohamoud Kayd ( so, Ciise Cabdiraxmaan Keyd; ar, عيسى كيد) is a Somaliland politician who currently serves as Somaliland's Minister of Foreign Affairs
A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less ...
is a Somaliland politician who currently serves as
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Somaliland)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Republic of Somaliland ( so, Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda iyo Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland) is the government minister who heads the Ministry of Foreign ...
References
Somali clans
Isaaq Sultanate