An amino acid transporter is a
membrane transport protein
A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembran ...
that transports
amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha am ...
s. They are mainly of the
solute carrier family.
Families
There are several families that function in amino acid transport, some of these include:
TC# 2.A.3-
Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily
TC# 2.A.18-
Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family
TC# 2.A.23- Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na
+ or H
+) Symporter (DAACS) Family
TC# 2.A.26-
Branched Chain Amino Acid:Cation Symporter (LIVCS) Family
TC# 2.A.42-
Hydroxy/Aromatic Amino Acid Permease (HAAAP) Family
TC# 2.A.78- Branched Chain Amino Acid Exporter (LIV-E) Family
TC# 2.A.95-
6TMS Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (NAAT) Family
TC# 2.A.118-
Basic Amino Acid Antiporter (ArcD) Family
TC# 2.A.120-
Putative Amino Acid Permease (PAAP) Family
Solute carrier family examples
* (1)
high affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter
* (3)
heavy subunits of heteromeric amino acid transporters
* (6)
Bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT)
* (7)
cationic amino acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated
* (15)
proton oligopeptide cotransporter
* (17)
vesicular glutamate transporter
Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC17A7'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a vesicle-bound, sodium-dependent phosphate transporter that is specifically expressed in the neuron-r ...
* (18)
vesicular amine transporter
* (25) some
mitochondrial carrier
Mitochondrial carriers are proteins from solute carrier family 25 which transfer molecules across the membranes of the mitochondria. Mitochondrial carriers are also classified in thTransporter Classification Database The Mitochondrial Carrier (M ...
s
* (26)
multifunctional anion exchanger
* (32) ''vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter''
* (36)
proton-coupled amino acid transporter
* (38)
System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter
VIAAT
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT) is responsible for the storage of GABA and glycine in neuronal synaptic vesicles.
[ esicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter Is Present in Glucagon-Containing Secretory Granules in TC6 Cells, Mouse Clonal -Cells, and -Cells of Islets of LangerhansDiabetes 52:2066-2074, 2003]
Human proteins containing this domain
SLC32A1;
SLC36A1
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC36A1'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ...
;
SLC36A2;
SLC36A3;
SLC36A4;
SLC38A1;
SLC38A2;
SLC38A3;
SLC38A4;
SLC38A5;
SLC38A6.
See also
*
Solute carrier family
*
Amino acid transport
*
Amino acid transport, acidic
*
Amino acid transport, basic
*
Amino acid transport disorder
*
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha am ...
*
Transporter Classification Database
References
{{Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators
Solute carrier family