Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun
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Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun (born 1958) is a Chinese
linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...
of
Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
ethnicity who is known for her studies of the
Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...
, Jurchen and Khitan languages and scripts. She is also known as a historian of the Liao and Jin dynasties. Her works include a grammar of Manchu (1983), a dictionary of Jurchen (2003), and a study of Khitan memorial inscriptions (2005), as well as various studies on the phonology and grammar of the Khitan language.


Biography

Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun was born in
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
, the second daughter of Jin Qizong (1918–2004), and the granddaughter of Jin Guangping (1899–1966), both of whom were also renowned scholars of Manchu and Jurchen. She is a direct descendant of the
Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, born Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 t ...
as Jin Guangping was a sixth generation descendant of Qianlong's fifth son, Prince Rongchun (Aisin-Gioro Yongqi). Other ancestors include the poet
Gu Taiqing Gu Taiqing (; Pinyin: ''Gù Tàiqīng''; 1799 – c. 1877) was one of the top-ranked women poets of the Qing Dynasty. She is especially known for her ''ci'' poetry and for her sequel to the novel ''Honglou meng'' (Dream of the Red Chamber). O ...
, who was the wife of Prince Rongchun's grandson, Aisin-Gioro Yihui (1799–1838). She studied at the
Minzu University of China Minzu University of China (MUC, ) is a national public university in Haidian District, Beijing, China designated for ethnic minorities in China. MUC was selected as one of national key universities to directly receive funding from Double First ...
in
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
, before obtaining a doctorate at
Kyoto University , mottoeng = Freedom of academic culture , established = , type = National university, Public (National) , endowment = ¥ 316 billion (2.4 1000000000 (number), billion USD) , faculty = 3,480 (Teaching Staff) , administrative_staff ...
in Japan. She worked as a research scholar at the Center for Eurasian Cultural Studies at Kyoto University, and is currently a professor at the
Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University , commonly referred to as APU, is a university in Japan. Ritsumeikan APU was established in April 2000 in Beppu, Ōita, Japan. APU was created through the collaboration of three parties from the public and private sectors: Ōita Prefecture, Be ...
in
Beppu is a city in Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. As of March 31, 2017, the city had a population of 122,643
. She now lives in Japan, and is married to (born 1959), a Japanese historian of China. Since her marriage she has adopted the Japanese name . The Japanese given name Chieko means "wisdom", which corresponds to her Manchu given name, Ulhicun, which means "knowledge".


Jurchen studies

One of Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun's contributions to the study of Jurchen has been the identification of the Jurchen small script. According to the ''History of the Jin Dynasty'' there were two different Jurchen scripts: a "large script" that was devised in 1120 by command of
Wanyan Aguda Emperor Taizu of Jin (August 1, 1068 – September 19, 1123), personal name Aguda, sinicised name Min (), was the founder and first emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty of China. He was originally the chieftain of the Wanyan tribe, the most ...
, the first emperor of the Jin Dynasty; and a "small script" that was created in 1138 by the Emperor Xizong (r. 1135–1150), but which was first officially used in 1145. It is presumed that the Jurchen large script was modelled on the
Khitan large script The Khitan large script () was one of two writing systems used for the now-extinct Khitan language (the other was the Khitan small script). It was used during the 10th–12th centuries by the Khitan people, who had created the Liao Empire in nor ...
, and the Jurchen small script was modelled on the
Khitan small script The Khitan small script () was one of two writing systems used for the now-extinct Khitan language (the other was the Khitan large script). It was used during the 10th–12th century by the Khitan people, who had created the Liao Empire in presen ...
, but all the extant examples of Jurchen writing, including the ''Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters'' (''Nǚzhēn Yìyǔ'' 女真譯語) and monumental inscriptions, are written in basically the same script, which is similar in form to the Khitan large script. During the 1970s a number of gold and silver ''
paiza A paiza or paizi or gerege ( xng, Гэрэгэ, mn, Пайз, fa, پایزه ''pāiza'', ''páizi'') was a tablet carried by Mongol officials and envoys to signify certain privileges and authority. They enabled Mongol nobles and officials to dem ...
'' were unearthed in China; these all had the same inscription which was assumed to be written in the Khitan small script. She has analysed the inscription on these ''paiza'', and although the structure of the characters is identical to the Khitan small script she concludes that the script is not actually the Khitan small script but is in fact the otherwise unattested Jurchen small script. She argues that this small script was only used briefly during the last five years of the reign of its creator, Emperor Xizong, and when he was murdered in a coup d'état the small script fell out of use as it was less convenient to use than the earlier large script.


Works

* 1983. ''Mǎnyǔ Yǔfǎ'' 滿語語法 rammar of Manchu Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People's Press. * 1985. ''Mǎnyǔ Dúběn'' 滿語讀本 eader in Manchu Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People's Press. * 1987. ''Mǎnzú Gǔ Shēnhuà'' 滿族古神話 ncient Manchu Myths Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People's Press. * 1992. ''Mǎnzhōuyǔ Yǔyīn Yánjiū'' 滿洲語語音研究 honological Study of Manchu Language Tokyo: Genbunsha. * 1996. ''Mòdài Zhēnguógōng Àixīnjuéluó Héngxù'' 末代鎮國公愛新覺羅恆煦 he Last Duke Defender of the Realm, Aisin-Gioro Hengxu Tokyo: Asahi Shimbunsha. * 1996. With Jin Guangping and Jin Qizong. ''Àixīnjuéluóshì Sāndài Mǎnzhōuxué Lúnjí'' 愛新覺羅氏三代滿洲學論集 ollected Essays on Manchu Studies by Three Generations of the Aisin-Gioro Family Yuanfang Press. * 2001. ''Nǚzhēn Wénzìshū Yánjiū'' 女真文字書研究 tudy of the Jurchen Dictionary Fugasha. * 2002. With Jin Guangping and Jin Qizong. ''Àixīnjuéluóshì Sāndài Ā'ěrtàixué Lúnjí'' 愛新覺羅氏三代阿爾泰學論集 ollected Essays on Altaic Studies by Three Generations of the Aisin-Gioro Family Meizandō. * 2002. ''Nǚzhēn Yǔyán Wénzì Xīn Yánjiū'' 女真語言文字新研究 ew Study of Jurchen Language and Script Meizandō. * 2003. With Jin Qizong. ''Nǚzhēnwén Dàcìdiàn'' 女真文大辞典 reat Dictionary of Jurchen Language Meizandō. * 2003. With Jin Qizong. ''Nǚzhēnyǔ Mǎnzhōu-Tōnggǔsī Zhūyǔ Bǐjiào Cídiǎn'' 女真語·滿洲通古斯諸語比較辭典 omparative Dictionary of Manchu-Tungusic Languages * 2004. ''Kittan Moji to Jōshin Wénzì no Rekishiteki Hikaku Kenkyū'' 契丹文字と女真文字の歴史的比較研究 omparative Study of the History of Khitan and Jurchen Scripts * 2004. ''Qìdān Yǔyán Wénzì Yánjiū'' 契丹語言文字研究 tudy of Khitan Language and Script Tokyo: Association of Eastern Literature and History. * 2004. ''Liáo-Jīn Shǐ yǔ Qìdān Nǚzhēnwén'' 遼金史與契丹女真文 iao and Jin History and the Khitan and Jurchen Scripts Tokyo: Association of Eastern Literature and History. * 2005. ''Qìdān Dàzì Yánjiū'' 契丹大字研究 tudy of the Khitan Large Script Tokyo: Association of Eastern Literature and History. * 2006. ''Kittanbun Boshi yori Mita Ryōshi'' 契丹文墓誌より見た遼史 tudy of the History of the Liao Dynasty in Light of Khitan Epitaphs Shokado. * 2007. ''Kittan Moji to Ryōshi'' 契丹文字と遼史 iao History and the Khitan Script * 2009. ''Àixīnjuéluó Wūlāxīchūn Nǚzhēn Qìdān Xué Yánjiū'' 愛新覺羅烏拉熙春女真契丹學研究 urchen and Khitan Studies by Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun Shokado. * 2009. ''Mindai no Jōshinjin—'Jōshin Yakugo' kara 'Eineiji Kihi' e—'' 明代の女真人—《女真訳語》から《永寧寺記碑》へ— ing Dynasty Jurchens — From the ''Jurchen Vocabulary'' to the ''Yongning Temple Memorial'' Kyoto: Kyoto University Academic Press. * 2011. ''Kittango Shokeitai no Kenkyū'' 契丹語諸形態の研究 tudy of the Endings in Khitan * 2011. With Yoshimoto Michimasa. ''Hanbandō kara Tagameta Kittan Jōshin'' 韓半島から眺めた契丹・女真 hitan and Jurchen Seen from the Korean Peninsula Kyoto: Kyoto University Academic Press. * 2012. With Yoshimoto Michimasa. 新出契丹史料の研究 Study of Newly Excavated Khitai Materials Shokado. * 2014. 契丹大小字石刻全釈──金啓孮先生逝去十周年記念叢書II otal Decipherments of Epitaphs in Khitai Large and Small Scripts: Qin Qizong's Death 10th Anniversary Series Vol.2 Kyoto: Association of Eastern Literature and History. * 2014. 女真大字文献彙編──金啓孮先生逝去十周年記念叢書I Collection of Materials in Jurchen Large Script: Qin Qizong's Death 10th Anniversary Series Vol.1 Kyoto: Association of Eastern Literature and History.


References


External links


Profile of Aisin Gioro Ulhicun

Academic achievements of Aisin Gioro Ulhicun

The Khitais and Jurchens as Seen from the Korea Peninsula

New Developments of the Studies on Khitai Language and Khitai Scripts

A Study of Newly Excavated Khitai Materials
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aisin-Gioro, Ulhicun 1958 births Linguists from China Linguists of the Jurchen language Linguists of the Khitan language Manchurologists Living people Educators from Beijing Manchu people Writers from Beijing Aisin Gioro Minzu University of China alumni Kyoto University alumni