extreme metal
Extreme metal is a loosely defined umbrella term for a number of related heavy metal music subgenres that have developed since the early 1980s. It has been defined as a "cluster of metal subgenres characterized by sonic, verbal, and visual tran ...
band from
Portland, Oregon
Portland (, ) is a port city in the Pacific Northwest and the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon. Situated at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers, Portland is the county seat of Multnomah County, the most populous co ...
. Formed in 1995 by frontman
John Haughm
John Haughm (born September 14, 1975) is a musician and artist from the United States. He is most known for being the founder, guitarist, and vocalist of the band Agalloch, and later Pillorian. He is also a designer who has created packaging and ...
, they released five full-length albums, four EPs, two singles, one split single, two demos, four compilation albums and one live video album. They announced their disbandment in May 2016.
History
Formation and early years (1995–1997)
Named after the
resinous
In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a solid or highly viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic compounds. This article focuses on natu ...
wood of the
agarwood
Agarwood, aloeswood, eaglewood or gharuwood is a fragrant dark resinous wood used in incense, perfume, and small carvings. This resinous wood is most commonly referred to as "Oud" or "Oudh". It is formed in the heartwood of aquilaria trees when ...
(Aquilaria agallocha), Agalloch began as the creation of Haughm and keyboardist Shane Breyer. In early 1996, the duo began composing material. Guitarist Don Anderson joined the band that summer to further refine the songs, which were recorded that autumn for release as the band's first
demo tape
A demo (shortened from "demonstration") is a song or group of songs typically recorded for limited circulation or for reference use, rather than for general public release. A demo is a way for a musician to approximate their ideas in a fixed for ...
, From Which of This Oak. This recording displayed a significant
black metal
Black metal is an extreme metal, extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Common traits include Tempo#Beats per minute, fast tempos, a Screaming (music)#Black metal, shrieking vocal style, heavily distorted Electric guitar, guitars played with t ...
influence and included material which would later appear on subsequent albums in one form or another. Shortly after the recording, bassist Jason William Walton was added to the lineup.
''Pale Folklore'' and ''Of Stone, Wind, and Pillor'' (1998–2001)
In 1998, the trio recorded a new demo tape, ''Promo 1998'', solely for labels. It caught the attention of
The End Records
The End Records is a record label in Manhattan that specializes in rock, heavy metal, indie, and electronic music.
Early years (1998–2005)
The End Records was founded by Andreas Katsambas in Pasadena, California, with the goal of helping sm ...
, who offered them a contract, resulting in the 1999 release of their debut full-length album, ''
Pale Folklore
''Pale Folklore'' is the debut studio album by American metal band Agalloch. The album was released on June 6, 1999 by The End Records. It featured an eclectic mix of acoustic folk reminiscent of Scandinavian bands such as Ulver; doom and blac ...
''. Reworking several earlier demo tracks, the album featured less of a black metal influence, more
neofolk
Neofolk, also known as apocalyptic folk, is a form of experimental music blending elements of folk and industrial music, which emerged in punk rock circles in the 1980s. Neofolk may either be solely acoustic or combine acoustic folk instrumenta ...
elements and neoclassical interludes. After the recording was completed, Breyer departed the band due to a lack of interest in music.
After a hiatus, the band released an EP of unreleased material from 1998–2001 titled '' Of Stone, Wind, and Pillor'', revealing more neoclassical and experimental elements. The EP also included a cover of "Kneel to the Cross" by neofolk band
Sol Invictus
Sol Invictus (, "Unconquered Sun"), sometimes simply known as Helios, was long considered to be the official sun god of the later Roman Empire. In recent years, however, the scholarly community has become divided on Sol between traditionalists a ...
that would later be released on ''Sol Lucet Omnibus'', French label Cynerfierrd's tribute compilation to Sol Invictus.
''The Mantle'' (2002–2005)
During the 2001 to early 2002 period, Agalloch recorded ''
The Mantle
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
'', featuring more of a
post-rock
Post-rock is a form of experimental rock characterized by a focus on exploring textures and timbre over traditional rock song structures, chords, or riffs. Post-rock artists are often instrumental, typically combining rock instrumentation with ...
influence. The album's sleeve art featured photographs of public statues and fountains found in downtown
Portland
Portland most commonly refers to:
* Portland, Oregon, the largest city in the state of Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States
* Portland, Maine, the largest city in the state of Maine, in the New England region of the northeas ...
. This album marked a change in media attention for Agalloch, landing them interviews with mainstream magazines.
Following the release of ''The Mantle'', Agalloch played their first show on March 6, 2003 in Portland, followed by a few additional shows in March and a US West Coast tour in May.
Two subsequent records, the ''
Tomorrow Will Never Come
''Tomorrow Will Never Come'' is a 2003 EP by American metal band Agalloch. It was released by The End Records in a limited edition of 500 copies, hand-initialed by bassist Jason William Walton.
Track listing
Information
When asked about the ti ...
'' 7" single (issued by The End's Infinite Vinyl Series in 2003) and '' The Grey'' (released by
Vendlus Records
Vendlus Records is an American independent record label based in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 2002 by Joseph Cortese. Vendlus has released records in genres including black metal, indie pop, industrial, avant-garde metal, and electronic ...
in 2004), showcased an even more experimental side of Agalloch, featuring remixed and reworked versions of songs from ''The Mantle'' as well as a new post-rock-influenced title track on the
B-side
The A-side and B-side are the two sides of phonograph records and cassettes; these terms have often been printed on the labels of two-sided music recordings. The A-side usually features a recording that its artist, producer, or record compan ...
of ''Tomorrow Will Never Come''. Agalloch performed a series of shows on the North American East Coast in 2004.
A nature-themed split 10" picture disc single with the Finnish band
Nest
A nest is a structure built for certain animals to hold eggs or young. Although nests are most closely associated with birds, members of all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates construct nests. They may be composed of organic materia ...
was also released in 2004, showcasing a collaborative, neofolk effort by Agalloch on the
A-side
The A-side and B-side are the two sides of phonograph records and cassettes; these terms have often been printed on the labels of two-sided music recordings. The A-side usually features a recording that its artist, producer, or record company ...
. The Nest track, a more electronic, percussion-heavy effort, included vocal and guitar contributions by Haughm and Anderson.
Double
vinyl
Vinyl may refer to:
Chemistry
* Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a particular vinyl polymer
* Vinyl cation, a type of carbocation
* Vinyl group, a broad class of organic molecules in chemistry
* Vinyl polymer, a group of polymers derived from vinyl m ...
reissues of ''The Mantle'' and ''Pale Folklore'' were released in 2005 in limited wooden boxes, complete with new artwork for both albums, to commemorate the band's single live performance of 2005 at the Day of the Equinox music festival held in
Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...
on October 14, 2005.
''Ashes Against the Grain'' and ''The White'' (2006–2008)
''
Ashes Against the Grain
''Ashes Against the Grain'' is the third album by American metal band Agalloch, released by The End Records four years after the critically acclaimed ''The Mantle''. It has been described as incorporating post-metal, folk metal and black metal. ...
'', the band's third full-length album, was released on August 8, 2006 by The End Records, featuring less focus on ''
The Mantle
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the m ...
s prominent
acoustic guitar
An acoustic guitar is a musical instrument in the string family. When a string is plucked its vibration is transmitted from the bridge, resonating throughout the top of the guitar. It is also transmitted to the side and back of the instrument, ...
s and more emphasis on
electric guitar
An electric guitar is a guitar that requires external amplification in order to be heard at typical performance volumes, unlike a standard acoustic guitar (however combinations of the two - a semi-acoustic guitar and an electric acoustic gui ...
s and metal elements, giving the album a different sound than their previous releases.
On previous albums, Haughm had played drums, but wished to concentrate more on songwriting and guitar, so Chris Greene (who had joined the band for live shows beginning in 2003) played drums on all ''Ashes Against the Grain'' tracks except "Falling Snow" and "Not Unlike the Waves." After a 2006 European tour, Greene exited the band, replaced by
Aesop Dekker
Aesop Dekker (born October 1, 1970) is an American musician. He is best known for being the drummer of the bands Hickey, Ludicra, Agalloch
Agalloch () was an American extreme metal band from Portland, Oregon. Formed in 1995 by frontman John ...
of
Ludicra
Ludicra is an American heavy metal band from San Francisco. They originally formed in 1998 as a quartet and later expanded to five members. In 2011, the band announced on their official website that they had disbanded,The White'', the second half (and stylistic opposite) of their two-part EP release for Vendlus. As with ''The Grey'', the album was limited to 2,000 copies. ''The White'' collected dark folk/ambient work from 2004–2007, with a sound more akin to the acoustic guitar approach of ''The Mantle''. The tracks "The Isle of Summer", "Sowilo Rune" and "Summerisle Reprise" were based on themes from the 1973 film ''
The Wicker Man
''The Wicker Man'' is a 1973 British folk horror film directed by Robin Hardy and starring Edward Woodward, Britt Ekland, Diane Cilento, Ingrid Pitt, and Christopher Lee. The screenplay by Anthony Shaffer, inspired by David Pinner's 1967 ...
'', with all three tracks utilizing samples from the film. The track "Birch White" borrowed its lyrics from a song by
A.S.J. Tessimond
Arthur Seymour John Tessimond (19 July 1902 in Birkenhead – 13 May 1962 in Chelsea, London) was an English poet.
He went to Birkenhead School until the age of 14, before being sent to Charterhouse School, but ran away at age 16. From 1922 to 1 ...
titled "Birch Tree". "Sowilo Rune" was posted on Agalloch's official MySpace page roughly two months before the album was released.
''The Demonstration Archive'' and ''Marrow of the Spirit'' (2008–2013)
On August 4, 2008, Agalloch released a compilation album called '' The Demonstration Archive 1996–1998'' on Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse, collecting material recorded between 1996 and 1998 including the ''From Which of This Oak'' and ''Promo 1998'' demos and the then-unreleased '' Of Stone, Wind, and Pillor'' EP.
On August 12, 2009, ''From Which of This Oak'' was re-released as a
picture disk
Picture discs are gramophone (phonograph) records that show images on their playing surface, rather than being of plain black or colored vinyl. Collectors traditionally reserve the term picture disc for records with graphics that extend at lea ...
by German label Eisenwald Tonschmiede.
Agalloch recorded a track, "Nebelmeer", with German artist Mathias Grassow for the compilation album ''
Der Wanderer über dem Nebelmeer
''Wanderer above the Sea of Fog'' is a painting by German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich made in 1818. It depicts a man standing upon a rocky precipice with his back to the viewer; he is gazing out on a landscape covered in a thick sea o ...
'' (English: "
Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog
''Wanderer above the Sea of Fog'' is a painting by German Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich made in 1818. It depicts a man standing upon a rocky precipice with his back to the viewer; he is gazing out on a landscape covered in a thick sea of ...
") released by Pest Productions in March 2010.
A two-CD compilation album named '' The Compendium Archive 1996 – 2006'' was released by Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse on March 20, 2010, limited to 250 copies. The album was intended to be sold exclusively at two shows played by the band in Romania during March 2010; however, 85 unsold copies were subsequently sold on
eBay
eBay Inc. ( ) is an American multinational e-commerce company based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website. eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995 and became a ...
by the band during May 2010. Disc one was an exact copy of ''The Demonstration Archive'', while disc two contained material recorded during the 2000–2006 period and previously released on ''Of Stone, Wind, and Pillor'', ''Tomorrow Will Never Come'' and the split with Nest, as well as alternate versions of tracks from ''The Mantle'' and ''Ashes Against the Grain'' and some previously unreleased tracks.
On June 7, 2010, Agalloch posted a blog entry on MySpace stating that the fourth album would be released on the Canadian record label
Profound Lore Records
Profound Lore Records is a Canadian independent record label founded in May 2004, which "began as the 'hobby-like venture' of a few friends but, over the past six years, the label has evolved into a one-man enterprise, shaped a distinct 'aestheti ...
, which had also released the first two Agalloch albums on vinyl in 2005. The band stated that the album would be recorded throughout June and July 2010 but did not list the album's title or release date.
On September 21, 2010, Agalloch officially announced the title of their fourth full-length as ''
Marrow of the Spirit
''Marrow of the Spirit'' is the fourth studio album by American metal band Agalloch, released on November 23, 2010.
Production
''Marrow of the Spirit'' marked a change in record labels for Agalloch. Their first three albums and EPs were released ...
Exclaim!
''Exclaim!'' is a Canadian music and entertainment publisher based in Toronto, which features in-depth coverage of new music across all genres with a special focus on Canadian and emerging artists. The monthly Exclaim! print magazine publishes 7 ...
'' magazine, in regards to the production of ''Marrow of the Spirit'', Haughm stated, “We wanted an album that sounded more alive and real....Our last album was a bit too mechanized, too polished, and that kind of disturbed us. So we brought back the older methods that we had utilized on our demos and first album to try and get back a more organic feeling.”
A tour-only edition of ''Marrow of the Spirit'' was issued by Licht von Dämmerung/Profound Lore, including a CD, photo cards and a bonus 7" featuring two tracks: "Nihil Totem" and "The Weight of Darkness".
On June 26, 2012, Agalloch released the ''
Faustian Echoes
''Faustian Echoes'' is an EP by American metal band Agalloch, released on June 26, 2012 by Agalloch's own label Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse. It is actually a single, two-part song over 21 minutes in length, making it the longest song Agalloch ...
'' EP on Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse, consisting of just one 21-minute-long song (the longest song Agalloch has ever written). Agalloch toured North America in July and August 2012 to support the release.
''The Serpent & the Sphere'', new single and band split (2013–2016)
On October 13, 2013, Agalloch stated that they have "a new album in the works". On January 31, 2014, the band announced that '' The Serpent & the Sphere'' would be released on May 13 by Profound Lore. Following the US release, it was issued in Germany on May 16 and Europe on May 19. The album featured guest Nathanaël Larochette of Musk Ox on acoustic guitar. Also on May 16, Licht von Dämmerung Arthouse released a 7" vinyl single of album track "Alpha Serpentis (Unukalhai)", credited to Agalloch and Nathanaël Larochette and limited to 350 copies.
On May 13, 2016, Agalloch announced that they had disbanded. The announcement came in the form of a Facebook post on the band's official page:
Following 20 years, 5 full-length albums, many tours around the world, and numerous other recordings, John Haughm and the rest of the band (Don Anderson, Jason Walton, and Aesop Dekker) have parted ways. What the future holds for the separate parties remains undetermined. We collectively thank all of our fans across the world. There are also way too many other people to thank who made this band possible. You know who you are.
On September 16th, 2016, Haughm announced the formation of a new band called
Pillorian
Pillorian was an American metal band from Portland, Oregon. It was formed in 2016 by John Haughm, Trevor Matthews, and Stephen Parker. Pillorian released their only full-length album, ''Obsidian Arc'', on March 10, 2017.
History
Pillorian was fo ...
, while Anderson, Walton and Dekker began a new project called Khôrada with vocalist Aaron John Gregory of
Giant Squid
The giant squid (''Architeuthis dux'') is a species of deep-ocean dwelling squid in the family Architeuthidae. It can grow to a tremendous size, offering an example of abyssal gigantism: recent estimates put the maximum size at around Trace ...
. Pillorian's debut album, ''Obsidian Arc'', was released on March 10, 2017. Khôrada's debut album, ''Salt'', was released on July 20, 2018.
avant-garde
The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or ' vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical ...
style of
folk metal
Folk metal is a fusion genre of heavy metal music and traditional folk music that developed in Europe during the 1990s. It is characterised by the widespread use of folk instruments and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for exampl ...
that encompassed an eclectic range of tendencies including
neofolk
Neofolk, also known as apocalyptic folk, is a form of experimental music blending elements of folk and industrial music, which emerged in punk rock circles in the 1980s. Neofolk may either be solely acoustic or combine acoustic folk instrumenta ...
,
post-rock
Post-rock is a form of experimental rock characterized by a focus on exploring textures and timbre over traditional rock song structures, chords, or riffs. Post-rock artists are often instrumental, typically combining rock instrumentation with ...
,
black metal
Black metal is an extreme metal, extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Common traits include Tempo#Beats per minute, fast tempos, a Screaming (music)#Black metal, shrieking vocal style, heavily distorted Electric guitar, guitars played with t ...
and
doom metal
Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low-tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres.K. Kahn-Harris, ''Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge'' ...
.
Common themes in Agalloch's imagery and subject matter were the beauty of nature, winter, melancholy and allusions to ancestral
paganism
Paganism (from classical Latin ''pāgānus'' "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christianity, early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions ot ...
. Don Anderson described
Norse mythology
Norse, Nordic, or Scandinavian mythology is the body of myths belonging to the North Germanic peoples, stemming from Old Norse religion and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia, and into the Nordic folklore of the modern period ...
as a major influence on the band and said that "heathen culture" was the main inspiration for frontman
John Haughm
John Haughm (born September 14, 1975) is a musician and artist from the United States. He is most known for being the founder, guitarist, and vocalist of the band Agalloch, and later Pillorian. He is also a designer who has created packaging and ...
in particular. Anderson said that the band's take on
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803April 27, 1882), who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champ ...
's philosophy could be viewed as a kind of worship of nature, but that no one in the band practiced paganism as a religion.
Agalloch also used non-traditional instruments, such as a
deer
Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the reindeer ...
skull. In the song "The Lodge", Haughm struck the deer skull to create an unusual clicking sound.
In a 1999 Wicked World interview with Haughm and Walton, done by Dan Tobin, the band members listed influences including
Katatonia
Katatonia are a Swedish heavy metal band formed in Stockholm in 1991 by Jonas Renkse and Anders Nyström. The band started as a studio-only project for the duo, as an outlet for the band's love of death metal. Increasing popularity led them to ...
,
Ulver
Ulver (Norwegian for "wolves") is a Norwegian experimental electronica band founded in 1993, by vocalist Kristoffer Rygg. Their early works, such as debut album '' Bergtatt'', were categorised as folklore-influenced black metal, but the band h ...
,
The 3rd and the Mortal
The Third and the Mortal were a Norwegian metal band from Trondheim, founded in 1992. The band started out as doom metal, mixing distorted guitars and heavy drumming with clean guitars and vocals from Kari Rueslåtten. The band went on to expe ...
,
Swans
Swans are birds of the family Anatidae within the genus ''Cygnus''. The swans' closest relatives include the geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form the tribe Cygnini. Someti ...
and
Godspeed You! Black Emperor
Godspeed You! Black Emperor (sometimes abbreviated to GY!BE or Godspeed) is a Canadian post-rock band which originated in Montreal, Quebec in 1994. The group releases recordings through Constellation, an independent record label also located i ...
. In another interview with the
Metal Rules
''Metal Rules'', also known as Metal-Rules, is a heavy metal webzine created by EvilG established in 1995. Based in the province of Newfoundland, Canada, the site was founded with the goal to promote "Real Metal". It is one of the world's larg ...
webzine, the band cited filmmakers such as
Alejandro Jodorowsky
Alejandro Jodorowsky Prullansky (; born 17 February 1929) is a Chilean-French avant-garde filmmaker.
Best known for his 1970s films '' El Topo'' and '' The Holy Mountain'', Jodorowsky has been "venerated by cult cinema enthusiasts" for his wor ...
,
Jim Jarmusch
James Robert Jarmusch (; born January 22, 1953) is an American film director and screenwriter. He has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s, directing films including '' Stranger Than Paradise'' (1984), '' Down by Law'' ( ...
and
Ingmar Bergman
Ernst Ingmar Bergman (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007) was a Swedish film director, screenwriter, Film producer, producer and playwright. Widely considered one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time, his films are known ...
as influences. They have also referenced literary works, as on ''Faustian Echoes''. In another interview, John lists
Bethlehem
Bethlehem (; ar, بيت لحم ; he, בֵּית לֶחֶם '' '') is a city in the central West Bank, Palestine, about south of Jerusalem. Its population is approximately 25,000,Amara, 1999p. 18.Brynen, 2000p. 202. and it is the capital o ...
,
Fields Of The Nephilim
Fields of the Nephilim are an English gothic rock band formed in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, in 1984. The band's name refers to a Biblical race of angel-human hybrids known as the Nephilim.
Career Early years (1984–1991)
Fields of the Nep ...
Arvo Pärt
Arvo Pärt (; born 11 September 1935) is an Estonian composer of contemporary classical music. Since the late 1970s, Pärt has worked in a minimalist style that employs tintinnabuli, a compositional technique he invented. Pärt's music is in pa ...
,
Death In June
Death in June are a neofolk group led by English musician Douglas P. (Douglas Pearce). The band was originally formed in the United Kingdom in 1981 as a trio, but after the other members left in 1984 and 1985 to work on other projects, the gro ...
,
Steve Reich
Stephen Michael Reich ( ; born October 3, 1936) is an American composer known for his contribution to the development of minimal music in the mid to late 1960s. Reich's work is marked by its use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm, a ...
, and
Joy Division
Joy Division were an English rock band formed in Salford in 1976. The group consisted of vocalist Ian Curtis, guitarist/keyboardist Bernard Sumner, bassist Peter Hook and drummer Stephen Morris.
Sumner and Hook formed the band after attend ...
as influences. He also says that Rush is his "favorite band in the world".
Members
; Final line-up
*
John Haughm
John Haughm (born September 14, 1975) is a musician and artist from the United States. He is most known for being the founder, guitarist, and vocalist of the band Agalloch, and later Pillorian. He is also a designer who has created packaging and ...
− vocals, guitar, drums (formerly of
Sculptured
Sculptured is an American experimental and progressive metal band, mixing melodic and atonal segments.
Biography
Following the dissolution of his previous band, guitarist Don Anderson began Sculptured as mostly a one-man project in 1996. With ...
) (1995–2016)
* Don Anderson − guitar, keyboards (Sculptured, Nothing, formerly of Darling, formerly of Necropolis) (1996–2016)
* Jason William Walton − bass guitar (Especially Likely Sloth, formerly of Subterranean Masquerade, Sculptured, Nothing, formerly of Susurrus Inanis) (1997–2016)
*
Aesop Dekker
Aesop Dekker (born October 1, 1970) is an American musician. He is best known for being the drummer of the bands Hickey, Ludicra, Agalloch
Agalloch () was an American extreme metal band from Portland, Oregon. Formed in 1995 by frontman John ...
− drums (formerly of
Ludicra
Ludicra is an American heavy metal band from San Francisco. They originally formed in 1998 as a quartet and later expanded to five members. In 2011, the band announced on their official website that they had disbanded,
Encyclopaedia Metallum
Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives (commonly known as Metal Archives per the URL or abbreviated as MA) is an online encyclopedia based upon musical artists who predominantly perform heavy metal music along with its various sub-genres. E ...