The azure-rumped parrot (''Tanygnathus sumatranus''), is a large bird

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

. It is found in Sulawesi and the

Sangir Islands The Sangihe Islands (also spelled "Sangir", "Sanghir" or "Sangi") – id, Kepulauan Sangihe – are a group of islands which constitute two regencies within the province of North Sulawesi, in northern Indonesia, the Sangihe Islands Regen ...

. It was previously conspecific with the

blue-backed parrot The blue-backed parrot (''Tanygnathus everetti''), also known as Müller's (or Mueller's) parrot is a large, endangered species of parrot endemic to the Philippines. It is found in tropical moist lowland forests. Flocks are small and often acti ...

, which is differentiated with its red

iris Iris most often refers to: *Iris (anatomy), part of the eye *Iris (mythology), a Greek goddess * ''Iris'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants * Iris (color), an ambiguous color term Iris or IRIS may also refer to: Arts and media Fictional ent ...

and blue-back versus the azure-rumped parrot's yellow

and plain back. It is found in forests. Flocks are small and often active at night. Its main threats are habitat loss and trapping for the pet trade.

Tax0nomy

There are two subspecies: * ''T. s. sumatranus'' ( Raffles, 1822): Sulawesi. Sulawesi and nearby islands. Yellow iris. * ''T. s. sangirensis'' Meyer, AB & Wiglesworth, 1894:

and

Karakelong Karakelong is the main island of the Talaud Islands north east of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its area is . It has a population of 51,506 at the 2010 Census and 59,920 at the 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. Its largest town is Melongu ...

. More blue on wing bends and wing coverts, head darker green. Yellow iris Previously, only ''sumatranus'' was recognized, but ''sangirensis'' was also recognized by the

International Ornithological Congress International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...

in 2022 based on phylogenetic evidence.

Description

It is of medium size (32 cm), primarily green with yellowish edging to the wings, a blue rump, and blue wing bends. The head, mantle, wings and tail are darker green, the belly and collar are lighter green. It is

sexually dimorphic Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the sexes of the same animal and/or plant species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most ani ...

, with the male having a red beak and the female a pale yellow or horn colored beak.

References

* Juniper & Parr (1998) ''Parrots: A Guide to Parrots of the World''; .

External links

Oriental Bird Images: ''Azure-rumped parrot''
Selected photos {{Taxonbar, from=Q577599 Tanygnathus Birds of Sulawesi Birds described in 1822 Taxa named by Thomas Stamford Raffles