Ayherre ()AIHERRE

Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia Pic d'Anie (Basque Auñamendi) is a mountain of the Pyrenees in France, located close to the Spanish border. It is high. The mountain boasts an almost perfect pyramidal shape and is surrounded by the spectacular karst landscape of. ''Larra'', i ...

is a

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

in the

Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlanti ...

department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

in the

Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine (; oc, Nòva Aquitània or ; eu, Akitania Berria; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Novéle-Aguiéne'') is the largest administrative region in France, spanning the west and southwest of the mainland. The region was created by t ...

region of south-western

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Aihertars''.

Geography

Ayherre is located in the Arberoue Valley in the former province of

Lower Navarre Lower Navarre ( eu, Nafarroa Beherea/Baxenabarre; Gascon/Bearnese: ''Navarra Baisha''; french: Basse-Navarre ; es, Baja Navarra) is a traditional region of the present-day French ''département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. It corresponds to the ...

some 23 km east by south-east of

Bayonne Bayonne (; eu, Baiona ; oc, label= Gascon, Baiona ; es, Bayona) is a city in Southwestern France near the Spanish border. It is a commune and one of two subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine re ...

and immediately east of

Hasparren Hasparren (; eu, Hazparne) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. A resident of Hasparren is known as a 'Hazpandar'. Geography Location It's a ''commune fait partie'' of the Basque Province of Labo ...

. Access to the commune is by the D10 road from Hasparren which passes through the west of the commune and continues north to

La Bastide-Clairence La Bastide-Clairence (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Bastidots'' or ''Bastidotes''. The village is a member of the ...

. The D251 branches east off the D10 in the commune and goes to the village then continues east to

Isturits Isturits (; also ''Isturitz'') is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre (''Arberoa'').Bonloc Bonloc (; eu, Lekuine)LEKUINE

Saint-Esteben Saint-Esteben () is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of t ...

passes through the south of the commune. The commune is mainly farmland with scattered forests.Google Maps
/ref> The commune is located in the

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, t ...

of the

Adour The Adour (; eu, Aturri; oc, Ador) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High-Bigorre (Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is long, of which the uppermost ca. i ...

with a dense network of streams covering the commune, mostly flowing north-westwards, and including the Joyeuse, which forms part of the western border of the commune. The Arbéroue rises in the south of the commune and flows north gathering many tributaries before joining the Lihoury to the north. Patindea

Places and hamlets

* Abarratia * Ahounsbiscardeguy * Aguerréa (3 places) * Aguerréko Borda * Ainguéroutéguia * Andérétéguia * Apairi or Apahiri, from ''Apʰara-hiri'' * Apézénéa * Apeztéguia * Archidukénia * Arduarria * Arkhia * Arramendy * Arraydua * Auchotéa * Ayherregaraya * Ballade Etcheberry * Barné Uhartia * Béhibidia * Belzunce * Berhéta * Berhétako Borda * Berhoa * Bicaldéguy * Bichartéa * Bidartéa * Bidegain Etchetoa * Bidegainia * Bildaraitz or Bildarraitz * Bordalanda * Buztingorria * Celhaya * Chapitalborda * Chapitalia (mill) * Chedarria * Chelhaya * Chocoa * Courtaut * Currioléko Borda * Curutzaldéa * Egyptoa * Erketa * Erregnétéa * Errékahoua * Errékartéa * Espertatea * Estekatea * Etchartéa * Etchébarnéko Borda * Etchébazterréa * Etchébéhéréa * Etchébéhéreko Borda * Etchéberria (2 places) * Etcheberriko Borda * Etchéberstia * Etchéchouria * Etchégaraya * Etchégoïnéa * Etchénika * Etchenikako Borda * Etchéparéa * Etchétipia * Etchetoa * Eyhéra * Ezpildéa * Ferminéko Borda * Fermirénéa * Gandéramendia * Gandéramendiko Borda * Garralda * Gauhetchia * Granya * Granyagaraya * Haranbilléta * Haranburua * Haranéa * Harréguia * Harriéta * Harriétako Borda * Hastoya * Hégoa * Hergaitz * Hiriartéa * Ichuria * Idiartéa * Idigoïnia * Ilharindéguia * Ipoutsaguerria * Irachiloa * Irazabalia * Iriart Urrutia * Iribarnéa * Iriberria * Issouribeherea * Jauberria (2 places) * Jaungaztenia * Jelossia * Kintalénéa * Kitendéa * Larrégaïnia * Larzabaléa * Leichorrénéa * Létouatéguia * Lohichundéa * Londaits * Londaitsbehere * Londaïtzberria * Londaitzekoborda * Lukua * Lur Berry * Manéchéka Borda * Manéchénéa * Mayartéguia * Mendia * Mendiberria * Mendiburua * Mendigorria * Mendilarréa * Menta * Mentaberria * Mentachiloa * Mignotéguia * Négutéa * Notariaénia * Ourriola * Oyhana * Oyharartéa * Oyharitzéa * Oyharitséko Borda * Patindeya * Peña * Petchitea * Pipitea * Pompochénéa * Sallaberryborda * Sarcabaleko Borda * Sarhigaïnéa * Tuturrutéguia * Uhaldéa * Urgorria * Urquéta * Zabaloa * Zabalza * Zaliotéguia * Zokoa

Toponymy

The commune name in

basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...

is ''Aiherra''Euskaltzaindia - Academy of the Basque language
(Eu icon) or ''Aiherre''. According to Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, the name comes from the basque ''ailherr'' ("incline"), giving the meaning "place on a slope". The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. ***In the Middle Ages Bildarraitz was an independent area without a church but with its own council, and a half-dozen homes were ennobled in 1435. The name may be the joining of ''bil-'', meaning "set" or "a round place", and ''araitz'', meaning "blackthorn", "prickly", or "briar". Sources: *Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, ''New Basque Toponymy''Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, ''New Basque Toponymy'', Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006, *

Raymond Raymond is a male given name. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᛗᚢᚾᛞ ( ...

:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011 *Cassini:

Cassini Map The Cassini Map or Academy's Map is the first topographic and geometric map made of the Kingdom of France as a whole. It was compiled by the Cassini family, mainly César-François Cassini (Cassini III) and his son Jean-Dominique Cassini (Ca ...

from 1750Cassini Map 1750 – Ayherre
/ref> Origins: *Camara: Titles of Camara of ComptosTitles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda - ''Diccionario de Antiguedades del reino de Navarra'', 1840, Pamplona *Pamplona: Titles of

Pamplona Pamplona (; eu, Iruña or ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. It is also the third-largest city in the greater Basque cultural region. Lying at near above ...

Titles published by don José Yanguas y Miranda ) *Collations: Collations of the

Diocese of Bayonne The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: ''Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis''; French language, French: ''Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron''; Basque language, Basque: ''Baionako, Leskar ...

Manuscripts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the Departmental Archives of Pyrénées-Atlantiques *Biscay: Martin Biscay *Duchesne: Duchesne collection volume CXIVDuchesne Collection, volumes 99 to 114, containing the papers of Oihenart, former Imperial Librarian -

Bibliothèque nationale de France The Bibliothèque nationale de France (, 'National Library of France'; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository ...

History

On 18 March 1450,

Labourd Labourd ( eu, Lapurdi; la, Lapurdum; Gascon: ''Labord'') is a former French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées Atlantiques ''département''. It is one of the traditional Basque provinces, and identified as one of the territorial c ...

returned to the French crown after the signing of a peace treaty at the Château of Belzunce in Ayherre which marked the end of English influence in the region. On that the representatives of Labourd made their submission and, upon payment of 2,000 gold

écu The term ''écu'' () or crown may refer to one of several French coins. The first ''écu'' was a gold coin (the ''écu d'or'') minted during the reign of Louis IX of France, in 1266. ''Écu'' (from Latin ''scutum'') means shield, and the coin ...

s secured by the retention of 10 hostages, retained their privileges.

Heraldry

Administration

List of successive mayors

Inter-communality

The commune is part of six inter-communal structures: * the

Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque The communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque ( eu, Euskal Hirigune Elkargoa), is the ''communauté d'agglomération'', an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Bayonne and Biarritz. It is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques depa ...

* the AEP association of Arberoue * the sanitation association of Adour-Ursula * the energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques * the inter-communal association for the building of a retirement home in the Arberoue Valley * the inter-communal association for the crafts zone in Ayherre

Demography

The declaration of rights in 1749 counted 162

fires Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are pr ...

in Ayherre (130 third estate, one priest, two members of the nobility (Arcangues and Belsunce) and 29 non-owners). In 2017 the commune had 1,042 inhabitants.

Economy

Economic activity in the commune is mainly agricultural. The commune is part of the

Appellation d'origine contrôlée An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication primarily used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown, although other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical boun ...

(AOC) zone of

Ossau-iraty Ossau-Iraty is an Occitan-Basque cheese made from sheep milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in Bé ...

. The Lauak company (aeronautical and aerospace industry) is located in the industrial zone of Ayherre. The Uhagun Mill on the

Aran Aran m Places Azerbaijan Villages and municipalities: * Aran, Aghjabadi * Aran, Lerik * Aran, Shaki * Aran, Tovuz * Aran, Yevlakh Iran * Aran, Alborz, a village in Alborz Province * Aran, Nain, a village in Isfahan Province * Aran, Ker ...

dates to the 19th century and has been converted into a hydro-electric plant.

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

The commune has three sites that are registered as historical monuments: *The Château de Belzunce (13th century) *Prehistoric fortifications on Mount AbarratiaMinistry of Culture, Mérimée *Prehistoric fortifications (''Gaztelu Zahar'' of three levels)

Religious heritage

The Parish Church of Saint Pierre (17th century) is registered as an historical monument.Ministry of Culture, Mérimée

Education

The commune has two primary schools: one in the town and one private school of the Immaculate Conception.

Notable people linked to the commune

*Émile Larre, born in 1926 at

Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry (; eu, Baigorri)BAIGORRI

Bertsolari Bertsolaritza or bertsolarism is the art of singing extemporaneously composed songs in Basque according to various melodies and rhyming patterns. Bertsos can be composed at a variety of occasions but are performed generally by one or various '' ...

, writer, and French academic in the Basque language. He was an active promoter of basque traditions and particularly attached to the basque modes of expression such as the bertsolarism and

Basque Pelota Basque pelota (Basque: '' pilota'', Spanish: '' pelota vasca'', French: '' pelote basque'') is the name for a variety of court sports played with a ball using one's hand, a racket, a wooden bat or a basket, against a wall (''frontis or fronton ...

. He was priest of Ayherre from 1969 to 1980.

References

External links

Ayherre official website

{{authority control Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques Lower Navarre