''Avulavirinae'' is a subfamily of
virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...
es in the family ''
Paramyxoviridae
''Paramyxoviridae'' (from Ancient Greek, Greek ''para-'' “by the side of” and ''myxa'' “mucus”) is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales''. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this ...
''.
Members of the subfamily are collectively known as avulaviruses. All members of the subfamily primarily infect birds. ''Avulavirinae'' was previously recognized as the genus ''Avulavirus'' before being elevated to a subfamily. The term ''avula'' comes from "avian rubula", distinguishing it from rubulaviruses of the subfamily ''
Rubulavirinae
''Rubulavirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the family ''Paramyxoviridae''. Humans, apes, pigs, and dogs serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in the two genera ''Orthorubulavirus'' and ''Pararubulavirus''. Diseases associated ...
'' due to avulaviruses only infecting birds and translating protein V from an edited RNA transcript. The most notable avulavirus is the
Newcastle disease virus Newcastle usually refers to:
*Newcastle upon Tyne, a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England
*Newcastle-under-Lyme, a town in Staffordshire, England
*Newcastle, New South Wales, a metropolitan area in Australia, named after Newcastle ...
, a strain of ''
Avian orthoavulavirus 1''.
Characteristics
Like all Paramyxoviruses, avulaviruses are
enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses.
Avulaviruses have a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase attachment protein and do not produce a non-structural protein C. Avulaviruses can be separated into distinct serotypes using
hemagglutination assay
The hemagglutination assay or haemagglutination assay (HA) and the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI or HAI) were developed in 1941–42 by American virologist George Hirst as methods for quantifying the relative concentration of viruses, bact ...
and neuraminidase assay. All avulaviruses hemagglutinate chicken RBCs except for ''avian metaavulavirus 5'' which does not hemagglutinate RBCs from any species. ''Avian metaavulavirus 6'' is unique to the presence of the SH gene between the F and HN genes. ''Avian metaavulavirus 11'' has the longest genome among the APMVs.
Taxonomy
Subfamily: ''Avulavirinae''
:Genus: ''
Metaavulavirus'', which contains 11 species, numbered 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, and 22
:Genus: ''
Orthoavulavirus'', which contains nine species, numbered 1, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 21
:Genus: ''
Paraavulavirus'', which contains two species, numbered 3 and 4
Prior to the subfamily being elevated from genus, members of the genus were known as ''Avian paramyxovirus'', then later as ''Avian avulavirus'', followed by numbers 1 to 19, which designated the species number. These numbers, along with the 20th and 21st members of the subfamily, are now dispersed across the three genera. Each species is named ''Avian'' followed by the name of its genus and its individual number, for example ''
Avian orthoavulavirus 1''.
References
Sources
*
*
External links
ICTV Report: ''Paramyxoviridae''*
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2874631
Avulaviruses
Mononegavirales
Paramyxoviridae
Virus genera