Avraham (Avi) Gover (Hebrew: אברהם גובר; born: 6 July 1945) is an Israeli professor of
Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the l ...
in the Physical Electronics Department of the
Engineering
Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad rang ...
Faculty at
Tel Aviv University
Tel Aviv University (TAU) ( he, אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטַת תֵּל אָבִיב, ''Universitat Tel Aviv'') is a public research university in Tel Aviv, Israel. With over 30,000 students, it is the largest university in the country. Locate ...
, specializing in
Quantum Electronics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics dealing with how individual quanta of light, known as photons, interact with atoms and molecules. It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons. Photons have b ...
Physics
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...
. Gover is also the head of the Israeli Center for Radiation Sources and Applications (FEL Knowledge Center) in
Ariel
Ariel may refer to:
Film and television
*Ariel Award, a Mexican Academy of Film award
* ''Ariel'' (film), a 1988 Finnish film by Aki Kaurismäki
* ''ARIEL Visual'' and ''ARIEL Deluxe'', 1989 and 1991 anime video series based on the novel series ...
. In 2005, he was awarded the international FEL prize "in recognition for his outstanding contributions to Free Electron Laser science and technology".
Early life and education
Avraham Gover was born in
Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
,
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
to
holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
survivor parents – Hella and Aharon Graubart, and emigrated to
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
with his family in 1949. He studied at "Kugel" high school in
Holon
Holon ( he, חוֹלוֹן ) is a city on the central coastal strip of Israel, south of Tel Aviv. Holon is part of the metropolitan Gush Dan area. In it had a population of . Holon has the second-largest industrial zone in Israel, after Haifa. ...
, and served in the
IDF
IDF or idf may refer to:
Defence forces
* Irish Defence Forces
* Israel Defense Forces
*Iceland Defense Force, of the US Armed Forces, 1951-2006
* Indian Defence Force, a part-time force, 1917
Organizations
* Israeli Diving Federation
* Interac ...
as a communications officer.
He received his
B.S.
A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years.
The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of ...
in Physics with distinction in 1968, and his
M.S.
A Master of Science ( la, Magisterii Scientiae; abbreviated MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM or Sc.M.) is a master's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree. In contrast to ...
in
Solid State Physics
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the l ...
with special distinction (1971) from Tel Aviv University.
His
Ph.D.
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is a ...
Amnon Yariv
Amnon Yariv (born April 13, 1930) is an Israeli-American professor of applied physics and electrical engineering at Caltech, known for innovations in optoelectronics. Yariv obtained his B.S., M.S. and PhD. in electrical engineering from Universit ...
, Gover authored the thesis Wave Interactions in Periodic Structures and Periodic Dielectric Waveguides, laying foundation for the theory of electron beam radiators and Free Electron Lasers (FEL) in the high gain regime.
During his M.S. studies, Gover was a consultant at
Tadiran Tadiran refers to a former Israeli conglomerate, which was founded in 1962 by the merger of two companies, Tadir and Ran (itself founded as a batteries manufacturer in 1932). The name of the company is a joining of both companies’ names.
Through ...
Transistors Plant, involved in the first development of Integrated Circuits in Israel. During his Ph.D. studies, Gover was also a consultant at Meret - Electro-Optic Industry and at Heliotech, division of Spectrolab, involved in first development of Vertical Multi-Junction
Solar Cells
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physics, physical and Chemical substance, chemical phenomenon.Research Fellow in Caltech, and in 1977 he joined Tel Aviv University as a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Physical Electronics of the Engineering faculty of Tel Aviv University.
Gover served as the Head of the Kranzberg Institute of Electronic Devices Research, at Tel Aviv University in 1984-1985, and became a
full professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who professes". Professors ...
in 1991.
In 1988, Gover founded and headed a consortium for the development of the first Israeli FEL facility, including Tel-Aviv University,
Weizmann Institute
The Weizmann Institute of Science ( he, מכון ויצמן למדע ''Machon Vaitzman LeMada'') is a public research university in Rehovot, Israel, established in 1934, 14 years before the State of Israel. It differs from other Israeli univ ...
Yuval Neeman
Yuval Ne'eman ( he, יובל נאמן, 14 May 1925 – 26 April 2006) was an Israeli theoretical physicist, military scientist, and politician. He was Minister of Science and Development in the 1980s and early 1990s. He was the President o ...
, the Israeli
Minister of Science and Technology A Science Ministry or Department of Science is a ministry or other government agency charged with science. The ministry is often headed by a Minister for Science.
List of Ministries of Science
Many countries have a Ministry of Science or Ministry ...
at the time. First lasing was demonstrated on Weizmann’s Electrostatic Tandem Accelerator in 1998.
In 2003 Gover founded the FEL National Knowledge Center for Radiation Sources and Applications of the Israeli Ministry of Science – a collaboration of Tel Aviv and Ariel Universities - and he heads it since.
Gover was holding the Ludwig Jokel Chair of Electronics at Tel-Aviv University during 2006-2010, and in 2011 he retired from Tel Aviv as professor emeritus.
Gover has mentored over 40 Master and PhD students and postdocs in the Faculty of Engineering, Physical Electronics Department and the Physics Department at Tel Aviv University. He also co-advised 3 PhD students in
UCLA
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California St ...
Physics Department, CA, USA.
During his sabbaticals, Gover was a visiting professor at
Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
,
Brookhaven National Lab
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory located in Upton, Long Island, and was formally established in 1947 at the site of Camp Upton, a former U.S. Army base and Japanese internment c ...
, N.Y,
University of California, Santa Barbara
The University of California, Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara or UCSB) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Santa Barbara County, California, Santa Barbara, California with 23,196 undergraduate ...
,
University of Maryland, College Park
The University of Maryland, College Park (University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public land-grant research university in College Park, Maryland. Founded in 1856, UMD is the flagship institution of the University System of Mary ...
Endowed Professor
A financial endowment is a legal structure for managing, and in many cases indefinitely perpetuating, a pool of financial, real estate, or other investments for a specific purpose according to the will of its founders and donors. Endowments are o ...
at the
Nanyang Technological University
The Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is a national research university in Singapore. It is the second oldest autonomous university in the country and is considered as one of the most prestigious universities in the world by various inte ...
,
Singapore
Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...
.
Research
Gover’s research areas include:
Quantum electronics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics dealing with how individual quanta of light, known as photons, interact with atoms and molecules. It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons. Photons have b ...
laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word "laser" is an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". The fir ...
semiconductors
A semiconductor is a material which has an electrical resistivity and conductivity, electrical conductivity value falling between that of a electrical conductor, conductor, such as copper, and an insulator (electricity), insulator, such as glas ...
wavefunction
A wave function in quantum physics is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system. The wave function is a complex-valued probability amplitude, and the probabilities for the possible results of measurements mad ...
with
light
Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 tera ...
and
matter
In classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. All everyday objects that can be touched are ultimately composed of atoms, which are made up of interacting subatomic partic ...
.
* Electron beam interaction with
electromagnetic waves
In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) lig ...
Millimeter Waves
Extremely high frequency (EHF) is the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) designation for the band of radio frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum from 30 to 300 gigahertz (GHz). It lies between the super high frequency band and the ...
energy transmission
Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation. The interconnected lines that facilitate this movement form a ''transmission network''. This is d ...
in
free space
A vacuum is a space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective ''vacuus'' for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often dis ...
.
Gover’s main research activity concentrates presently on fundamental theoretical investigation of the quantum electron wavefunction interactions with light and matter and the transition of free electrons from quantum to classical expression ( wave-particle duality). On this subject, and on subjects of laser particle accelerator, ultra-fast electron
microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of micr ...
and compact free electron radiation sources from THz to
X-ray
An X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30&nb ...
, he collaborates with front-line research laboratories in the US and
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.
In 2005 Gover was awarded the International FEL Prize “For outstanding contribution to Free Electron Laser science and technology”. In 2007 he became an
IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a 501(c)(3) professional association for electronic engineering and electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its corporate office in New York City and its operation ...
fellow "For contributions to free electron lasers and superradiant bunched e-beam radiators".
In 2008 he became a fellow of the
American Physical Society
The American Physical Society (APS) is a not-for-profit membership organization of professionals in physics and related disciplines, comprising nearly fifty divisions, sections, and other units. Its mission is the advancement and diffusion of k ...
, "For outstanding scientific achievements and leadership in international cooperation in the area of Free Electron Lasers".
Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, U.S. in 1978-1984. He was the Principal Investigator on the
Strategic Defense Initiative
The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), derisively nicknamed the "''Star Wars'' program", was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons (intercontinental ballistic ...
Office (SDIO) contract on Free Electron Lasers in Science Applications International Corporation, Plasma Physics Division in 1987-1988, and the head of the Israeli FEL consortium (TAU, RAFAEL, NRC) in the years 1992-2000.
During 1988-1993 Gover served the FEL community in the Executive
Committee
A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly. A committee is not itself considered to be a form of assembly. Usually, the assembly sends matters into a committee as a way to explore them more ...
of the International FEL Conference and in its FEL prize sub-committee.
In 2005 he served as a member of the "Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser Committee" of ESFRI (EU), in charge of preparing a road map of the long term scientific infrastructure development of the European Union Commission.
Gover was one of the founders of the Israeli National Inter-Senate Committee for Academic Independence, and served in it as the representative of Tel-Aviv University 2004-2013.
Publications
Prof. Gover has authored over 250 scientific publications, and six patents.
Selected articles
* Gover, Avraham, and Paul Stella. "Vertical multijunction solar-cell one-dimensional analysis." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 21.6 (1974): 351-356.
* A. Gover, A. Yariv, "Collective and Single Electron Interactions of electron beams with Electromagnetic Waves and Free Electron Lasers” (invited) Appl. Physics 16, 121-138 (1978).
* A. Gover and P. Sprangle, “A Unified Theory of Magnetic-Bremsstrahlung, Electrostatic Bremsstrahlung, Compton-Raman Scattering and Cerenkov-Smith Purcell Free Electron Lasers”, IEEE J. of Quantum Electronics, QE-17, 1196-1215 (1981).
* A. Friedman, A. Gover, S. Ruschin, G. Kurizki, A. Yariv “Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission from Quasi-Free Electrons” Reviews of Modern Physics, 60, 471-535 (April 1988).
* Abramovich, A., M. Canter, A. Gover, J. Sokolowski, Y. M. Yakover, Y. Pinhasi, I. Schnitzer, and J. Shiloh. "High spectral coherence in long-pulse and continuous free-electron laser: Measurements and theoretical limitations." Physical review letters 82, no. 26 (1999): 5257.
* A. Gover, “Lasers: Free Electron Lasers” Encyclopedia of Modern Optics, Ed. R. D. Guenther, D. G. Steel and L. Bayvel, Elsevier, Oxford (2005);
* A. Gover, “Superradiant and stimulated superradiant emission in prebunched electron-beam radiators – part I: Formulation”, Physical Review Special Topics – Accelerators and Beams Vol. 8, issue 3 (030701) (2005).
* A. Gover, E. Dyunin, "Collective interaction control and reduction of optical frequency shot-noise in charged particle beams", Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 154801 (2009).
* E. Hemsing, P. Musumeci, S. Reiche, R. Tikhoplav, A. Marinelli, J. B. Rosenzweig, A. Gover, "Helical Electron-Beam Microbunching by Harmonic Coupling in a Helical Undulator", Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 174801 (2009).
* A. Nause, E. Dyunin, A. Gover, "Optical frequency Shot- Noise suppression in electron beams: 3-D analysis", J. of Applied Physics 107, 103101 (2010).
* Gover, Avraham, Ariel Nause, Egor Dyunin, and Mikhail Fedurin. "Beating the shot-noise limit." Nature Physics 8, no. 12 (2012): 877.
* N. Voloch Bloch, Y. Lereah, Y. Lilach, A. Gover, A. Arie, "Generation of electron airy beams", Nature 494, pp. 331–335 (2013).
* N. Sudar, P. Musumeci, J. Duris, I. Gadjev, M. Polyanskiy, I. Pogorelsky, M. Fedurin, C. Swinson, K. Kusche, M. Babzien, A. Gover “High efficiency energy extraction from a relativistic electron beam in a strongly tapered undulator”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 174801 (2016).
* E. Curry, S. Fabbri, P. Musumeci, A. Gover, “THz-driven zero-slippage IFEL scheme for phase space manipulation”, New Journal of Physics, 18, 113045, doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/11/113045 (2016).
* A. Gover, Y. Pan, "Dimension-Dependent Stimulated Radiative Interaction of a Single Electron Quantum Wavepacket", Phys. Lett. A 382, pp. 1550–1555 (2018).
* E. Curry, S. Fabbri, J. Maxson, P. Musumeci, A. Gover, " Meter-Scale Terahertz-Driven acceleration of a relativistic beam", Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 094801 (2018).
* Gover A, Ianconescu R, Friedman A, Emma C, Sudar N, Musumeci P, Pellegrini C. Superradiant and stimulated-superradiant emission of bunched electron beams. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2019 Aug 19;91(3):035003.
* Pan, Yiming, Bin Zhang, and Avraham Gover. "Anomalous Photon-induced Near-field Electron Microscopy." Physical review letters 122.18 (2019): 183204.
* Pan, Yiming, and Avraham Gover. "Spontaneous and stimulated emissions of a preformed quantum free-electron wave function." Physical Review A 99.5 (2019): 052107.
* Gover, Avraham, and Amnon Yariv. "Free-Electron–Bound-Electron Resonant Interaction." Physical Review Letters 124.6 (2020): 064801.
Personal life
Gover is married to Joan. They have three children.
YouTube
YouTube is a global online video platform, online video sharing and social media, social media platform headquartered in San Bruno, California. It was launched on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim. It is owned by ...