The
1996 Summer Paralympics
The 1996 Paralympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, were held from August 16 to 25. It was the first Paralympic Games, Paralympics to get mass media sponsorship, and had a budget of USD $81 million.
It was the first Paralympic Games ...
were held in the United States city of
Atlanta
Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,715 ...
.
Australia competed in 13 of the 17 sports, winning medals in 10 of those sports.
At the 1996 Summer Paralympics, Australia had the second highest medal tally of any country competing. It won 42 gold, 37 silver and 27 bronze medals. It surpassed the 24 gold medals that Australia won at the
1992 Paralympics. The sports of athletics, swimming and cycling provided Australia with the majority of its medals.
Background
In September 1993 the IOC announced that Sydney was the winning
bid for the 2000 Summer Olympics, and the International Paralympic Committee announced Sydney would also be the host of the
2000 Summer Paralympics. This led to the Australian Government establishing the
Olympic Athlete Program (OAP), funded and supported through the
Australian Sports Commission
The Australian Sports Commission (ASC) is the Australian Government commission responsible for supporting and investing in sport in Australia. The Commission incorporates the Australian Institute of Sport. From 2018 to 2022, it was known as S ...
, to prepare Australia's competitors for these games.
The
Australian Paralympic Federation (APF) started receiving money from the OAP in October 1994, leading to the establishment of the
Paralympic Preparation Program (PPP), with a full-time staff member – Jenni Banks – to develop and implement the program. The increased funding was used to contract more experienced coaches, arrange international tours for teams, run training camps and acclimatisation programs and purchase performance improving suits and equipment.
Opening Ceremony
The Opening ceremony saw a large explosion of colour, introducing 104 nations across 20 sports, totalling 3529 athletes. Australia was represented by 166 competitors. The opening ceremony saw the mascot (Blaze) flown proudly, signifying strength and survival.
There was a very strict and large security presence with the
Centennial Olympic Park bombing
The Centennial Olympic Park bombing was a domestic terrorist pipe bombing attack on Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, on July 27, 1996, during the 1996 Summer Olympics, Summer Olympics. The blast directly killed ...
at the Olympic Games just a month earlier.
Libby Kosmala was the flag bearer at the opening ceremony, wheeled by the basketball wheelchair mechanic Graham Gould. Libby has represented Australia at 12 Paralympic games in shooting, amassing 13 medals, 9 of which are gold.
Team
The Australian team consisted of 166 athletes. This was much smaller than other countries such as the US, Germany, Britain and Spain.
[ The ]Australian Sports Commission
The Australian Sports Commission (ASC) is the Australian Government commission responsible for supporting and investing in sport in Australia. The Commission incorporates the Australian Institute of Sport. From 2018 to 2022, it was known as S ...
provided financial support to the Australian Paralympic Federation to make it possible for all athletes to travel to the games. The team mascot, Banjo, was unveiled in May. The Chef de Mission was George Dunstan
George Colliver Dunstan, Order of Australia, AM (born 12 May 1938) is an Australian sports administrator who has played a leading role in the development of Paralympic sport in Australia particularly in terms of sport administration.
Personal
...
and the flag bearer at the opening ceremony was Libby Kosmala.
The Team Headquarters staff were: George Dunstan (Chef de Mission), Paul Bird, Michael Godfrey-Roberts, Tony de Leede, Susan Mathew, Cornelis van Eldik, Jenny Banks, Dawn Fraser
Dawn Fraser (born 4 September 1937) is an Australian freestyle champion swimmer and former politician. She is one of only four swimmers to have won the same Olympic individual event three times – in her case the women's 100-metre freestyle. ...
, Peter Kelly, John Sherwell
Sports Medicine and Sports Science staff: Dr Susan White (Director), Norma Beer, Joanne Sayers, Jane Buckley, Donald Perriman, Barbara Denson, Greg Ungerer, Alan Thomas, Jo-anne Hare
Personal Care Attendants: Craig Jarvis, Trevor Goddard, Andre Juricich, Rod Stubbs, Joan Stevens, Joanne Titterton, Don Blackman, Jodie Worrall, Patricia Bignall .
Some States and Territories held official farewell ceremonies for their local athletes competing at the Paralympics. In Canberra, the athletes were officially sent off at a meeting of the Legislative Assembly during the last week of July.
Medalists
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,
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Events
Athletics
Australia represented by:
Men – Anthony Biddle, Fabian Blattman, Damien Burroughs
Damien Alexander Burroughs, OAM (born 28 October 1978) is an Australian Paralympic athlete. He won a gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Games and participated in the 2000 Sydney and 2004 Athens Paralympics.
Personal
Burroughs was born on 28 Octo ...
, Geoffrey Clarke, Leroi Court, Mark Davies, Michael Dowling, Stephen Eaton, John Eden, Don Elgin, David Evans, Neil Fuller
Neil Robert Fuller, OAM (born 2 August 1969 in Shoreham by Sea, Sussex) is an Australian athlete, Paralympic competitor, and amputee.
During his youth, Neil was an ambitious soccer player, gaining a position playing at state level for So ...
, Terry Giddy
Terence "Terry" Giddy (born 2 April 1950) is an Australian Paralympic athlete with paraplegia, who won six medals over six Paralympics.
Personal
Giddy was born on 2 April 1950 in the New South Wales town of Kempsey, New South Wales, Kempsey, a ...
, David Goodman, Adrian Grogan, Brian Harvey, Lachlan Jones, John Lindsay
John Vliet Lindsay (; November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician and lawyer. During his political career, Lindsay was a U.S. congressman, mayor of New York City, and candidate for U.S. president. He was also a regular ...
, Hamish MacDonald, Tim Matthews, Kerrod McGregor, Paul Nunnari, Sam Rickard
Sam Rickard (born 8 September 1971, in Mona Vale, New South Wales) is an Australian vision impaired Paralympic athlete. He competed in four successive Paralympic Games 1988 to 2000, winning a bronze medal at the 1992 Barcelona Games. His nic ...
, Jaime Romaguera, Russell Short, Greg Smith, Bradley Thomas, Darren Thrupp
Darren Brian Thrupp, OAM (born 6 December 1966) is an Australian Paralympic athlete competing mainly in category T37 sprint events. He has won nine medals at six Paralympics.
Biography
Thrupp was born in the Queensland town of Kilcoy. He acqu ...
, Bruce Wallrodt
Bruce Wallrodt, (26 September 1951 – 2 July 2019) was an Australian Paralympic athlete. He competed at five Paralympic Games and won nine medals, four of them gold.
Personal
Wallrodt was born on 26 September 1951 in the Western Australian c ...
, Paul Wiggins, Matthew van Eldik
Matthew Jon van Eldik (born 16 May 1970) is a Paralympic athletics competitor from Australia. He won a bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Paralympics, 1988 Seoul Games in the Men's Slalom C4-5 event.
References
External links
Matthew van Eldi ...
Women – Marsha Green, Lisa Llorens
Lisa Christina Llorens, OAM(born 17 January 1978) is an Australian Paralympic athlete. She was born in Canberra. She specialises in Paralympic high jumping, long jumping, and sprinting, participating in competitions for athletes with au ...
, Alison Quinn, Sharon Rackham
Sharon Margaret Rackham, OAM (born 25 July 1974) is an Australian Paralympic athlete.
Biography
She was born on 25 July 1974 in Tongatapu, Tonga.
She won a gold medal in the T20 200m at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, for which she ...
, Louise Sauvage
Alix Louise Sauvage, OAM (born 18 September 1973) is an Australian paralympic wheelchair racer and leading coach.
Sauvage is often regarded as the most renowned disabled sportswoman in Australia. She won nine gold and four silver medals at f ...
, Christie Skelton, Frances Stanley, Leana Viero, Katrina Webb
Katrina Lea Webb-Denis, OAM (born 22 May 1977) is an Australian Paralympic athlete with cerebral palsy. She has won Gold, Silver and Bronze medals in athletics at three Paralympic Games.
Personal
Webb has a mild form of cerebral palsy whic ...
, Jodi Willis-Roberts
Jodi Glenda Willis-Roberts, OAM (born 24 April 1967) is a visually impaired Australian Paralympic athlete and goalballer.
Biography
Willis-Roberts was born in the Melbourne suburb of Preston. She first competed at the 1988 Seoul Paralympics ...
, Amy Winters
Coaches – Kathryn Lee (Head), Chris Nunn, Lyndall Warry, Andrew Dawes
Andrew Dawes (February 7, 1940 – October 30, 2022) was a Canadian violinist. He was known for his performances with the Orford String Quartet.
Early life and education
Dawes was born in High River, Alberta.Curtin Call: A Photographer's Candi ...
, Scott Goodman
Scott Linton Goodman (born 20 August 1973) is an Australian butterfly swimmer who competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, winning a bronze medal in the 200-metre butterfly. He was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder.< ...
.
Louise Sauvage
Alix Louise Sauvage, OAM (born 18 September 1973) is an Australian paralympic wheelchair racer and leading coach.
Sauvage is often regarded as the most renowned disabled sportswoman in Australia. She won nine gold and four silver medals at f ...
, from Perth, won gold in the Women's 1,500 m T52-53 (time of 3:30.45, a world record), gold in the Women's 400 m T53, with a result of 54.96, a Paralympic record, gold in the Women's 5,000 m T52-53 time of 12:40.71, a world record, and a final gold in the Women's 800 m T53 (time of 1:52.80, a Paralympic record).[International Paralympic Committee]
Athlete Search Results
Retrieved 12 July 2011 Louise's world record in the 1500 m took 6 seconds off the previous record, and her record in the 5000 m took place only an hour after winning the 400 m.
David Evans earned gold in the Men's 1,500 m T44-46, with a result of 3:59.68, another gold (along with Tim Matthews, Bradley Thomas, and Neil Fuller) in the Men's 4 × 100 m Relay T42-46, with a team result of 45.40, a world record, and silver in the Men's 800 m T44-46, with a result of 1:55.81.
Fabian Blattman from New South Wales, won gold in the Men's 1500 m T50, with a result of 5:09.41, a Paralympic record, and silver in the Men's 800 m T50, with a result of 2:46.67.
Katrina Webb
Katrina Lea Webb-Denis, OAM (born 22 May 1977) is an Australian Paralympic athlete with cerebral palsy. She has won Gold, Silver and Bronze medals in athletics at three Paralympic Games.
Personal
Webb has a mild form of cerebral palsy whic ...
from South Australia, was 19 years old when the 1996 Games took place. In 1995 she had accepted a year-long netball scholarship at the Australian Institute of Sport
The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is a high performance sports training institution in Australia. The Institute's headquarters were opened in 1981 and are situated in the northern suburb of Bruce, Canberra. The AIS is a division of the ...
, where she was diagnosed with cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There may be problems with sensa ...
. People at the Australian Institute of Sport encouraged her to compete in the Paralympics in Atlanta, but Webb initially resisted because she did not view herself as disabled. She changed her mind and went on to win a gold medal in the 100 m sprint. Her gold medal was controversial in some Paralympic circles because many did not believe she was disabled enough. Webb won a silver medal in the long jump, with a distance of . This distance was better than her previous personal best.
Lisa Llorens
Lisa Christina Llorens, OAM(born 17 January 1978) is an Australian Paralympic athlete. She was born in Canberra. She specialises in Paralympic high jumping, long jumping, and sprinting, participating in competitions for athletes with au ...
from the Australian Capital Territory, won a gold and a bronze in track and field events.
Lachlan Jones from Melbourne Victoria, competed in the 100 m wheelchair race and won the gold medal. This came after two false starts and a protest in the medal race. Jones claims the two false starts were intentional on the part of his competitors in an attempt to distract him. The protests were dropped before they were formally considered by the judges. Jones had to compete against more able athletes in the 400 m race because there were not enough participants with cerebral palsy to have a separate competition class at the Games.
Brian Harvey won a gold medal in the cerebral palsy class of javelin
A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon, but today predominantly for sport. The javelin is almost always thrown by hand, unlike the sling, bow, and crossbow, which launch projectiles with th ...
with a distance of .
Darren Thrupp
Darren Brian Thrupp, OAM (born 6 December 1966) is an Australian Paralympic athlete competing mainly in category T37 sprint events. He has won nine medals at six Paralympics.
Biography
Thrupp was born in the Queensland town of Kilcoy. He acqu ...
won a gold medal in the Men's Long Jump F34-37 with a distance of . Darren also won bronze in the Men's 200 m T37, with a result of 25.52 seconds.
Boccia
Australia represented by:
Men – Kris Bignall
Kris Bignall (born 31 January 1979) is an Australian boccia Paralympian. He was born in Southport, Queensland.
The pairs C/WAD team of Kris Bignall and Tu Huyhn were ranked as the seventh best pair in the world prior to the start of the ...
, Scott Elsworth, Tu Huyhn, John Richardson
Women – Lynette "Lyn" Coleman, Fiona Given
Coaches – Thomas Organ (Head), Ricky Grant
.
The 1996 result was the best ever for an Australian team in Boccia. The Australian team had six athletes who competed individually, as pairs and in a team event in the C1, C2 and C/WAD categories. Prior to the start of the Games, the team was ranked eleventh in the world. The team's fifth-place finish in the team event was the best the country had ever done in the event. The team was captained by Fiona Given.
The pairs C/WAD team of Kris Bignall
Kris Bignall (born 31 January 1979) is an Australian boccia Paralympian. He was born in Southport, Queensland.
The pairs C/WAD team of Kris Bignall and Tu Huyhn were ranked as the seventh best pair in the world prior to the start of the ...
and Tu Huyhn were ranked as the seventh best pair in the world prior to the start of the games. They surprised the world when they won a bronze medal after beating Spain and New Zealand in the preliminaries, and after beating an American pair in the bronze medal match. Their medal was the first medal Australia had won in this sport in international competition.
Kris Bignall also competed as an individual in the C1 WAD category. He made it to the medals play off stage, where he lost. Tu Huyhn also competed in the individual events in the C1 WAD category. He finished fifth in pool play and did not qualify for the medal play off stage. Lyn Coleman competed as an individual in the C1 category. She finished sixth overall. John Richardson also competed in the C1 individual event. He finished fifth in his pool and did not qualify for the medals playoffs.
Scott Elsworth competed as an individual in the C2 category. He finished sixth in his pool and did not qualify for the medal round. Fiona Given also competed in the C2 individual competition, finishing in fourth place in pool place and not qualifying for the medals.
Cycling
Australia represented by:
Men – Paul Clohessy, Kerry Golding (Pilot for Kieran Modra)), Matthew Gray, Steve Gray (Pilot for Greg Madson), Eddie Hollands (Pilot for Paul Clohessy)), Peter Homann
Peter David Homann, OAM (born 16 February 1960) is a former Australian Paralympic cyclist. He has won seven medals at three Games from 1996 to 2004.
Personal
Homann was born with cerebral palsy on 16 February 1960 in the Victorian town of Yal ...
, Paul Lake, Paul Lamond (Pilot for Lyn Lepore), Gregory Madson, Kieran Modra
Kieran John Modra (27 March 1972 – 13 November 2019) was an Australian Paralympic swimmer and tandem cyclist. He won five gold and five bronze medals at eight Paralympic Games from 1988 to 2016, along with two silver medals at the 2014 Gla ...
, Christopher Scott
Women – Lyn Lepore, Teresa Poole
Teresa "Terri" Hilda Poole, OAM (born 28 January 1964) is an English-born Australian Paralympic tandem cyclist with a vision impairment. She was born in the English city of Manchester. She competed at the 1996 Atlanta Games, where she won two ...
, Sandra Smith (Pilot for Teresa Poole)
Coaches – Kenneth Norris (Head), David Woodhouse
.
Australian cyclists prepared for the Games and Atlanta's humid weather by undergoing acclimatisation training in Perth and Melbourne. Australian cyclists were also provided with racing suits by the International Wool Secretariat
The International Wool Secretariat (IWS) was formed in 1937 to promote the sale of wool on behalf of woolgrowers and review research carried out by independent bodies such as the Wool Industries' Research Association at Torridon, Headingley Lane, L ...
and CSIRO
The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is an Australian Government
The Australian Government, also known as the Commonwealth Government, is the national government of Australia, a federal parliamentar ...
. These uniforms helped to minimise the impact of sweat on a cyclist's performance.
Kieran Modra
Kieran John Modra (27 March 1972 – 13 November 2019) was an Australian Paralympic swimmer and tandem cyclist. He won five gold and five bronze medals at eight Paralympic Games from 1988 to 2016, along with two silver medals at the 2014 Gla ...
is a South Australian blind cyclist. He competed in the 1996 Paralympics in the tandem event with pilot Kerry Golding. He won a gold medal in the 200m mixed tandem sprint race.
Tandem bike pairing Teresa Poole
Teresa "Terri" Hilda Poole, OAM (born 28 January 1964) is an English-born Australian Paralympic tandem cyclist with a vision impairment. She was born in the English city of Manchester. She competed at the 1996 Atlanta Games, where she won two ...
and Sandra Smith were ranked number one in the world prior to the start of the Games, and held the world record in the 1000 m event. Poole's disability is tunnel vision
Tunnel vision is the loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, resulting in a constricted circular tunnel-like field of vision.
Causes
Tunnel vision can be caused by:
Eyeglass users
Eyeglass users experience tunnel vision t ...
. They won gold in the 1000m women's tandem race, their first gold medal awarded at the Games
Equestrian
Australia represented by:
Women – Susan Haydon, Sharon Konemann, Sue Lee, Margaret Reynolds, Mandy Waalwyk
Coach – Mary Longden Officials – Sally Francis
.
The Equestrian was divided into 9 events. Australia did not medal in any of the events and was one of Australia's poorer performances throughout the games.
Goalball
Men
Australia represented by:
Team – Robert Crestani, Kevin Frew, Colin George, Gerrard Gosens
Gerrard James Gosens (born 3 February 1970) is a vision-impaired Australian Paralympic athlete, goalball player, triathlete, adventurer, chocolatier and motivational speaker.
Personal life
Gosens was born on 3 February 1970 in Melbourne, Vi ...
, Warren Lawton, Brett Scarr
Coach – Sam Theodore (Head), Heather Gossens (Assistant)
.
The Australian men finished fourth. This was the country's best finish in an international competition. The team had played a number of international matches and also had an extended raining camp in Australia prior to the start of the Games. The training camp included psychological preparations.
The star of the men's team was Robert Crestani. His ability to throw the ball and his offensive tactics helped the team remain competitive. Other key players for the team included Warren Lawton and Gerrard Gosens. These three players were on the court for almost the whole competition.
In pool play, they beat Italy 5–2, the Czech Republic 7–0, and the Netherlands 3–2. They drew with Germany 3–3 and Slovenia 4–4. In the Qualification round, they lost to Finland 1–4, drew with Spain 3–3 and lost to Canada 1–3. In the medal elimination round, they lost to Canada 2–3. In the bronze medal match, they lost to Spain 2–6.
Australia's win over Italy is important in the team's history because the Italian team was ranked number one in the world coming into the Paralympic Games.
Women
Australia represented by:
Team – Raelene Bocks, Sarah Kennedy, Rachel Lahl, Marilyn Mills, Jennette Saxberg, Robyn Stephens
Coaches – Terry Kenaghan (Head), Robert Apps (Assistant)
Unlike the men's team, the women's Australian team did not have as much experience as other teams in the Paralympic goalball competition. European teams had competed against each other in the lead up to the Games. This gave them an advantage as they knew their opponents' strengths and weaknesses.
The Australian women had several injuries during the Paralympics. Sarah Kennedy
Sarah Mary Kennedy MBE (born 8 July 1950) is a British retired TV and radio broadcaster. She presented her daily early morning radio show, ''The Dawn Patrol'', on BBC Radio 2 from 1993 to 2010.
In the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours, Kennedy ...
injured herself in training, which limited her mobility.
Australia lost all but one match. They lost to Spain 0–1, to Sweden 0–4, to Denmark 1–5, to Germany 0–2 and to the USA 0–3. Australia's sole victory came against Korea, where they won 2–0. Australia finished as the last team in the competition based on goals for and against as they had a record of 3–16. The 0–1 loss to Finland was considered impressive by goalball followers because Finland won a silver medal.
Judo
Australia represented by:
Men – Anthony Clarke Coach – Trevor Kschammer .
Australia sent one athlete to compete in judo: Anthony Clarke. He was coached by Trevor Kschammer. This was the only sport where Australia had a ratio of one athlete to one coach. Anthony Clarke won a gold medal, going undefeated. He beat Arlindo Tinoco of Brazil in 51 seconds, Fermin Campos Ariza of Spain in five minutes in the semifinal and beat Run Ming Men
Run(s) or RUN may refer to:
Places
* Run (island), one of the Banda Islands in Indonesia
* Run (stream), a stream in the Dutch province of North Brabant
People
* Run (rapper), Joseph Simmons, now known as "Reverend Run", from the hip-hop group ...
of China in the gold medal match in 35 seconds.
Anthony Clarke is Australia's first ever competitor to medal in Judo and continued on to compete for another 12 years before retiring in 2008.
Lawn bowls
Australia represented by:
Men – John Forsberg, Neville Millington, Robert Tinker
Women – Pauline Cahill, June Clark June Clark may refer to:
* June Clark (nurse) (born 1941), British nurse, educator, and academic
* June Clark (artist) (born 1941), Canadian artist
* June Clark (musician) (1900–1963), American jazz trumpeter and cornetist
* June Clark (bowls) (b ...
Coach – Graeme Clark
.
In preparation for the Games, the five bowlers competed in a tournament in South Africa. Pauline Cahill and June Clark both medalled with a bronze and silver respectively.
Powerlifting
Men – Willem Bos, Michael Farrell, Brian McNicholl
Brian Frederick McNicholl, OAM (born 30 December 1951) is a New Zealand-born Australian Paralympic powerlifter, weightlifter, wheelchair basketballer, and athlete, who won five medals at six Paralympic games from 1976 to 1996.
Personal
McNich ...
, Richard Nicholson
Coach – Blagoi Blagoev
.
Brian McNicholl
Brian Frederick McNicholl, OAM (born 30 December 1951) is a New Zealand-born Australian Paralympic powerlifter, weightlifter, wheelchair basketballer, and athlete, who won five medals at six Paralympic games from 1976 to 1996.
Personal
McNich ...
won a silver medal in the up to 90 kg power lifting event.
Shooting
Australia represented by:
Men – Ashley Adams, Keith Bremner, Iain Fischer, James Nomarhas, Peter Worsley
Peter Maurice Worsley (6 May 1924 – 15 March 2013) was a noted British sociologist and social anthropologist. He was a major figure in both anthropology and sociology, and is noted for introducing the term ''Third World'' into English. H ...
Women – Patricia Fischer, Libby Kosmala
Coach – Yvonne Hill (Head), Raymund Brummell
.
The shooting events were some of the most competitive at the Atlanta Paralympics, with six world records and nine Paralympic records set. Australia did not set any of these records. The team still did well with Australian athletes setting 11 individual personal best records in the 22 events in which they competed. All but one of the seven Australian competitors set a personal best record.
Ashley Adams was a member of this 1996 Paralympics team. He set four personal best records. He also set three Australian records. Adams also appeared in one event final.
James Nomorhas was an ACT based shooter. He won a silver medal in the mixed SH1 Sport Pistol event.
Libby Kosmala is a shooter from South Australia. The 1996 Paralympics were the seventh Paralympics in which she competed.
Swimming
Australia represented by:
Men – Rodney Bonsack, Scott Brockenshire, Kingsley Bugarin, Brendan Burkett, Dominic Collins
Dominic Collins (; 1566 – 31 October 1602) was an Irish Jesuit lay brother, an ex-soldier, who died for his Catholic faith. He was beatified as a martyr by Pope John Paul II on 27 September 1992.
Life
Collins was born in 1566 of a prominent ...
, Paul Cross, Cameron de Burgh, Grant Fitzpatrick, Paul Gockel, Alex Hadley, Jeff Hardy
Jeffrey Nero Hardy (born August 31, 1977) is an American professional wrestler and musician. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Hardy is widely considered one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all-time and is regarded ...
, Sean Harris, Brett Reid, Alastair Smales
Women – Petrea Barker, Melissa Carlton, Priya Cooper
Priya Naree Cooper, (born 2 October 1974) is an Australian world champion disabled swimmer, winning nine Paralympic gold medals as well as world records and world championships. She competed in the Australian swimming team at the 1992, 1996 an ...
, Tracey Cross, Gemma Dashwood, Janelle Falzon
Janelle Cherie Falzon, OAM (born 4 April 1981) is an Australian paralympic swimmer. She was born in Sydney, New South Wales. At the 1996 Summer Paralympics, she won a gold medal in the Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle S7-10 event, for which she ...
, Alicia Jenkins, Karni Liddell, Vicky Machen, Tamara Nowitzki
Tamara Leigh Nowitzki (born 22 May 1976) is a Paralympic swimming competitor from Australia and a silver medalist at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics..
Personal
She was born in Brisbane. At the age of 13 months she was diagnosed with cerebral pal ...
, Tracey Oliver, Lesly Page, Sarah-Jane Schulze, Cara Sullivan, Elizabeth Wright, Judith Young
Coaches – Ian Findlay (Head), Matthew Brown, Helen Cox, Kathryn Rogers
.
A training camp was held for Australian swimmers in Townsville
Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. With a population of 180,820 as of June 2018, it is the largest settlement in North Queensland; it is unofficially considered its capital. Estimated resident population, 3 ...
prior to the start of the Games. Head coach Ian Findlay was hired with the intention of improving the overall level of coaching for the Paralympic Games and to help improve Australia's medal chances.
Priya Cooper
Priya Naree Cooper, (born 2 October 1974) is an Australian world champion disabled swimmer, winning nine Paralympic gold medals as well as world records and world championships. She competed in the Australian swimming team at the 1992, 1996 an ...
from Western Australia won one gold medal in a swimming relay event and four individual gold medals for the 200 m individual medley, the 100 m backstroke, the 100 m freestyle, and the 400 m freestyle.
Kingsley Bugarin, a Perth
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of 2.1 million (80% of the state) living in Greater Perth in 2020. Perth is ...
-based vision impaired swimmer, competed in his fourth Paralympics in Atlanta at the age of 28. Prior to these Games, he had never won a Paralympic medal. In Atlanta, he won a gold medal in the 200 m individual medley, where he set a world record. In the finals, he was seven seconds behind before the breaststroke, made up six of those seconds, and was only one second behind entering into the freestyle before he made it up to win the gold. He swam the 200 m in 2 minutes and 22 seconds. His world records at the Games included 1:10.81 in the 100 m breaststroke, 2:35.21 in the 200 m breaststroke and 2:22.45 in the 200 m individual medley.
Gemma Dashwood was another Australian competing. She set a world record in the 100 m butterfly, where she captured a gold. Dashwood also won a silver medal in another swimming event.
Tracey Cross won a medal in the 100 m butterfly race.
Jeff Hardy
Jeffrey Nero Hardy (born August 31, 1977) is an American professional wrestler and musician. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). Hardy is widely considered one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all-time and is regarded ...
won a medal in the 100 m men's butterfly race.
Wheelchair Basketball
Men's tournament
Men
Australia represented by:
Team – Men – Troy Andrews, Robert "Sandy" Blythe, Orfeo Cecconato, Benjamin Cox, Stuart Ewin
Stuart James Ewin, OAM (born 2 October 1967) is an Australian wheelchair basketball player. He was born in Melbourne. He was part of the Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team at the 1988 Seoul, 1992 Barcelona, and 1996 Atlant ...
, David Gould
David L. Gould (January 9, 1873 – January 25, 1939) was a Scottish American soccer player, coach and referee. He coached the U.S. national team at the 1934 FIFA World Cup and is a member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame. He was born in ...
, Gerry Hewson
Gerard "Gerry" Benjamin Hewson, Order of Australia, OAM (born 5 June 1958) is an Australian former Paralympic wheelchair basketballer. He has coached wheelchair basketball on the national and international level in Australia.
Gerry is now study ...
, Timothy Maloney, Nick Morris
Nick Morris is a British film maker better known for directing music videos in the 1980's.
Career
Nick Morris began writing and making amateur films at school, one of which was shown at the NFT. His professional career began in the 1980s with ...
, Richard Oliver, Troy Sachs
Troy Sachs, Order of Australia, OAM (born 3 December 1975) is an Australian wheelchair basketball player. He competed at five Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2008, where he won three medals. Sachs won two national league championships in Austra ...
, David Selby
Coaches – Mark Walker (Head), Evan Bennett Officials – Graham Gould .
Group A Results and Standings
Quarter-final
Australia 46 defeated Netherlands 44
Semi-final
Australia 63 defeated the United States 57
Gold Medal Match
Australia 78 defeated Great Britain 63
Australia was seeded sixth coming into the Atlanta Paralympic tournament. The men's team toured England and the Netherlands in the lead up to the Paralympics.
Australia beat Great Britain 78–63 in the gold medal game. This was Australia's first gold medal result in a major international competition for men or women. The match also had the largest recorded American crowd for a wheelchair basketball game with 10,061 people in attendance. Many Australians watched the game live. Australia had come back from a 15-point deficit of 20–5 during the first six minutes of the gold medal game. By halftime, Australia was down by one point after having briefly taken the lead a minute earlier.
Troy Sachs
Troy Sachs, Order of Australia, OAM (born 3 December 1975) is an Australian wheelchair basketball player. He competed at five Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2008, where he won three medals. Sachs won two national league championships in Austra ...
is one of Australia's most popular and famous Paralympians. Sachs was born with one leg missing below the knee. He first competed at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in Barcelona when he was 15 years old. He was 19 years old during these Games. In the gold medal game against Great Britain, he scored 42 points for his team. 15 of those points came from five three-point shots. He had a shooting percentage of forty-seven during the gold medal match, making eleven of his twenty-three attempted shots. He went fifteen of twenty-four from the free throw line. Hopping from his chair, Sachs cut down the net after the game ended in victory for Australia.
Women's tournament
Women
Australia represented by:
Team – Julianne Adams
Julianne Adams (born 11 July 1966) is an Australian wheelchair basketball player.
Personal
Adams was born in Perth on 11 July 1966. As a child, Adams thought that she could perhaps be an Olympic gymnast. From the age of five to seventeen, Adam ...
, Amanda Carter, Paula Ewin
Paula Coghlan (born 14 October 1965) is an Australian wheelchair basketball player. She was born in the Melbourne suburb of Box Hill in Victoria.
Coghlan was part of the Australia women's national wheelchair basketball team (Gliders) at fo ...
, Melissa Ferrett, Alison Mosely
Alison Mosely (born 17 August 1972 in Warwick, Queensland) is a wheelchair basketball player from Australia. She was part of the silver medal-winning Australia women's national wheelchair basketball team at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She wa ...
, Lisa O'Nion, Donna Philp, Donna Ritchie, Amanda Rose, Sharon Slann, Liesl Tesch
Liesl Dorothy Tesch AM (born 17 May 1969) is an Australian wheelchair basketball player, sailor, and politician. She is a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing Gosford since the 2017 Gosford state by-el ...
, Jane Webb
Jane Webb Karyl, (August 13, 1925 – March 30, 2010) best known as Jane Webb, was an American film, radio, and voice actress, best known for her work on Filmation's cartoons.
Early years
Webb's mother was Estelle Sigrid Webb, a Swedish immigran ...
Coaches – Peter Corr, Tracy York Officials – Shona Casey
.
Group A Results and Standings
Semi-finals
Canada 36 defeated Australia 31
Bronze Medal Match
United States 41 defeated Australia 30
Prior to the start of the Paralympics, Australia was ranked third in the world. In lead up preparations for the games, the team toured Canada.
Australia's women's team beat the American team for the first time in pool play
A tournament is a competition involving at least three competitors, all participating in a sport or game. More specifically, the term may be used in either of two overlapping senses:
# One or more competitions held at a single venue and concentr ...
, to stay in contention for a medal. This was viewed as extremely significant by Australian women's wheelchair basketball fans and the Australian Paralympic Federation because of the dominance of the American team in women's wheelchair basketball. Australia was down 21–16 at halftime. Australia went up with seven minutes left in the second half. The match finished with a score of 31–27 in Australia's favour. American Sharon Herbst was their team's start performer and she caused a number of problems for Australia's defence. During the game, several players were knocked out of their wheelchairs, including Australia's Melissa Ferrett
Melissa is a female given name. The name comes from the Greek word μέλισσα (''mélissa''), "bee", which in turn comes from μέλι (''meli''), "honey". In Hittite, ''melit'' signifies "honey".
''Melissa'' also refers to the plant ''Me ...
. The Americans challenged the win, protesting because they believed the Australians were not wearing matching uniforms.
Australia's team was coached by Peter Corr
Peter Joseph Corr (23 June 1923 – 1 June 2001) was an Irish footballer. Corr played as an outside-right for, among others, Everton and Ireland. In 1949 he was a member of the Ireland team that defeated England 2–0 at Goodison Park, becomin ...
and captained by Donna Ritchie. The team's top scorer in the competition was Liesl Tesch
Liesl Dorothy Tesch AM (born 17 May 1969) is an Australian wheelchair basketball player, sailor, and politician. She is a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, representing Gosford since the 2017 Gosford state by-el ...
.
Australia beat Brazil 67–8, beat the USA 31–27 and lost to Germany 34–26 in pool play. They lost to Canada in the semifinals, going down 31–36. They played the Americans in the bronze medal match, losing 30–41.
This was the first Paralympic basketball tournament to feature the three-wheeled wheelchair. Most of the women on the Australian team opted to use the traditional four-wheeled wheelchair.
Wheelchair Rugby
Australia represented by:
Men – Brett Boylan
Brett Boylan (born 26 January 1971) is an Australian Paralympic wheelchair rugby player. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He participated in the Australian Stealers at the 1996, 2000 Sydney, and 2004 Athens
The 2004 Summer Olym ...
, Garry Croker
Garry Croker (born 2 November 1964) is an Australian Paralympic wheelchair rugby and table tennis player. He was born in Cowra, New South Wales. He participated in table tennis at the 1984 Paralympics and the 1988 Seoul Paralympics. He was pa ...
, Andrew Greenaway, Rodney Hamilton
Rodney Hamilton (born 1975) is an American former professional basketball player and currently the director of operations at the University of Memphis. He played four seasons of college basketball for Georgia State University before playing profe ...
, David Jacka
David Brian Jacka OAM (born 14 July 1968) is an aviator and disability advocate. On 5 June 2013, Jacka became the first person with quadriplegia to fly solo around the coast of Australia. The trip took 38 days. He flew a Jabiru J230 with adapta ...
, Peter Lock, Steve Porter, Baden Whitehead
Coach – Darryl Wingard
.
Wheelchair rugby was a demonstration sport at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. The sport has the same level of aggression as non-wheelchair rugby and is the only wheelchair contact sport that is played in the Paralympics. The contact is a reason Australian players compete. The contact and aggression is often damaging to the wheelchairs. For this reason, a welder was at the games to repair wheelchairs of rugby players. National rugby rivalries were carried over into the wheelchair version, with the Australian team viewing the match against New Zealand as one of their most important.
George Hucks was a member of the Australian team. During a practice in Atlanta prior to the start of the games, Hucks broke his kneecap. Hucks, from South Australia, was the team's best player. This was a major loss for the team. Hucks was flown home and another player was flown into Australia to replace him.[
Australia did not win a single match in wheelchair rugby. They lost to New Zealand 23–39, to Great Britain 33–34, to Canada 24–39, to the USA 18–31 and to Sweden 25–29.][
This however was the start of a what has now become one of the most popular sports at the Paralympic games, with Australia moving forward to medal in the next 4 games, 2 being gold.
]
Wheelchair Tennis
Australia represented by:
Men – Mick Connell
Michael "Mike" Connell (born 13 November 1961) is an Australian wheelchair tennis player. He won a silver medal in the Men's Singles event at the 1988 Summer Paralympics, 1988 Seoul Paralympics. He participated without winning any medals at th ...
, David Hall
Women – Daniela Di Toro
Daniela "Danni" Di Toro (born 16 October 1974) is an Australian wheelchair tennis and table tennis player. Di Toro was the 2010 French Open doubles champion and has also been the Masters double champion. In singles, Di Toro is the former world ...
, Randa Hinson
Coach – Greg Crump
.
David Hall competed for Australia in wheelchair tennis at the 1996 Paralympic Games, where he won a silver and bronze medal. He lost his legs in an accident when he was sixteen years old in a car accident.
Individual Highlights
Louise Sauvage
Alix Louise Sauvage, OAM (born 18 September 1973) is an Australian paralympic wheelchair racer and leading coach.
Sauvage is often regarded as the most renowned disabled sportswoman in Australia. She won nine gold and four silver medals at f ...
(Australia) is one of the most influential Paralympians of all time. Those who were lucky enough to see her at the '96 games were treated to 4 gold medals in the 400, 800, 1500 and 5000 meter wheelchair racing events. She won almost one – tenth of all Australia's medals that year. At a young age she was also coached by former Paralympic champion Frank Ponta
Francis Ettore Ponta (8 November 1935 – 1 June 2011) was an Australian Paralympic competitor and coach. He competed in several sports including basketball, pentathlon, swimming and fencing. A paraplegic, he lost the use of both his legs aft ...
who she described as a patient coach at a young age. Not only was she successful in Athens she went on to record 13 medals across 4 Olympic games. Her book, 'My Story' published in 2002 is a fine farewell before another 2 silver medals in 2004, her last Paralympic games. She has also since been inducted into the Paralympic hall of fame, in 2011.
Kingsley Bugarin was Australia's best swimmer with a world record swim in the 200m B2(s12) Breastroke with a time of 2:35:21 at the games and finished with gold. He also medalled in the 100m Breastroke (gold), 200 individual medley (gold) as well as silver medals in the 100m butterfly and 100m freestyle and finally a bronze in the 400m freestyle.
Gemma Dashwood had her best ever paralympic games with 3 gold in the Women's 100 m Butterfly S10, Women's 400 m Freestyle S10 and the Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle S7-10. She also picked up two silver medals in the Women's 100m and 200m Freestyle S10. She now works at Canberra hospital after finishing swimming and studying medicine.
Brendan Burkett was also a long time competitor who stood out in Atlanta. He achieved a gold medal in the Men's 50 m S9 Freestyle as well as a silver in S7-10 Men's 4 × 100 m Freestyle relay. He went on to compete at 4 Paralympic games and be the flag bearer at the 2000 Sydney Paralympics and received the Outstanding Service to Swimming Australia Award in 2009. In 2009 he was also inducted into the Queensland sporting Hall of Fame.
Priya Cooper
Priya Naree Cooper, (born 2 October 1974) is an Australian world champion disabled swimmer, winning nine Paralympic gold medals as well as world records and world championships. She competed in the Australian swimming team at the 1992, 1996 an ...
is an S8 classification swimmer who competed in 8 events at the 1996 games. She was also the co-captain of the swimming team and brought home 5 gold medals. She also was a flag bearer at the closing ceremony for her outstanding achievements in the pool. In October 2015, her career was formerly recognised when she became the fourth Paralympian to be inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame
The Sport Australia Hall of Fame was established on 10 December 1985 to recognise the achievements of Australian sportsmen and sportswomen. The inaugural induction included 120 members with Sir Don Bradman as the first inductee and Dawn Fraser th ...
.
Closing Ceremonies
As representative for the next host city, Michael Knight, the New South Wales Minister for the Olympics, was presented with an IPC flag during the closing ceremonies.[ The success of the Atlanta games would continue on with the games being locked in for Sydney for the 2000 Sydney Paralympics.
]
Return home
When the Games were over, athletes returned home to parades and receptions. These events took place in all Australian state and territory capitals. New South Wales based athletes were greeted at the Sydney airport by the Federal Minister for Sport Warwick Smith and the Premier of New South Wales
The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. ...
Bob Carr
Robert John Carr (born 28 September 1947) is an Australian retired politician and journalist who served as the 39th Premier of New South Wales from 1995 to 2005, as the leader of the NSW Branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP). He later en ...
. A parade was later held in Sydney, with tens of thousands of people attending. In Victoria, an event was held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground
The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), also known locally as "The 'G", is an Australian sports stadium located in Yarra Park, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Victoria. Founded and managed by the Melbourne Cricket Club, it is the largest stadiu ...
prior to the start of an Australian Football League
The Australian Football League (AFL) is the only fully professional competition of Australian rules football. Through the AFL Commission, the AFL also serves as the sport's governing body and is responsible for controlling the laws of the gam ...
playoff game. Another reception was held in Victoria at Parliament House, Melbourne
Parliament House is the meeting place of the Parliament of Victoria, one of the parliaments of the Australian states and territories.
Located on Spring Street on the edge of the Hoddle Grid, the grand colonnaded front dominates the vista ...
, with the Premier of Victoria
The premier of Victoria is the head of government in the Australian state of Victoria. The premier is appointed by the governor of Victoria, and is the leader of the political party able to secure a majority in the Victorian Legislative Assembly ...
Jeff Kennett
Jeffrey Gibb Kennett (born 2 March 1948) is a former Australian politician who was the 43rd Premier of Victoria between 1992 and 1999, and currently a media commentator. He was previously the president of the Hawthorn Football Club, serving ...
as the host and the Victorian Workcover Authority
WorkSafe Victoria is the trading name of the Victorian WorkCover Authority, a statutory authority of the state government of Victoria, Australia.
History
After being renamed in 2014 as Victorian Work-cover Authority by Minister Gordon Rich- ...
as the sponsor. People turned out in their thousands throughout the major cities. These were sponsored by city councils and State governments.[
]
Impact
The success in Atlanta was widespread and across a wide range of disciplines with 66% of the Australian team medalling or putting up personal best performances. This is the best performance from an Australian team at a paralympics.
The inclusion of 2 new sports being included to the list, being Sailing and Wheelchair rugby. These changed the games moving forward with both becoming staples to the Olympic agenda.
Wheelchair rugby was first used as a demonstration game in Atlanta. Australia did not medal, however they have been consistently well placed and have since taken out gold medals. This is one of the most high impact and toughest paralympic sports.[
Sailing was incorporated as a demonstration sport in Atlanta and had only 1 event, the mixed crew boat or Skud18. This has risen in number to incorporate a single sailor event, the 2.4 meter, the 2 person event, mixed crew boat or Skud18 and finally the Sonar event with 3 sailors. The Sonar class has multiple sailors with multiple disabilities working together. The individuals are scored on their disability (classification 1-7), giving the boat a score out of a maximum 14 points. The Skud18 has a male and female combination where the sailor with the highest level of disability steers the boat. Paralympic sailing is currently offered to those who have a physical disability or vision impairment.]
The Atlanta Paralympics was the first to incorporate athletes with intellectual disability. This was a huge step forward in the movement of the Paralympic games and gave an opportunity to those athletes that previously were unable to compete. The number of intellectually impaired athletes has been steadily growing with the inclusion of new events into the paralympic program.[
For Australia the successful 2000 Sydney bid saw a major influx of money and attention to the Paralympic games. The 1994 report from the Australian Paralympic Federation highlighted key improvements to be put in place for Atlanta. These included the Olympic Athlete Program which was able to fund increased training camps and equipment, funding for tournaments, travel and administration. It gave athletes the opportunity to prepare as well as possible while providing financial support for competition and overseas travel.] This momentum, coupled with a second overall medal tally elevated the paralympic sports to the elite level, placing all athletes in good stead come Sydney 2000.[
]
Hall of Fame
Athletes that competed in the 1996 Atlanta games who have since been inducted to the Australian Paralympic Hall of Fame:
-Louise Sauvage
Alix Louise Sauvage, OAM (born 18 September 1973) is an Australian paralympic wheelchair racer and leading coach.
Sauvage is often regarded as the most renowned disabled sportswoman in Australia. She won nine gold and four silver medals at f ...
(Wheelchair racing - inducted 2011)[
- David Hall (Tennis - inducted 2016)]
-Priya Cooper
Priya Naree Cooper, (born 2 October 1974) is an Australian world champion disabled swimmer, winning nine Paralympic gold medals as well as world records and world championships. She competed in the Australian swimming team at the 1992, 1996 an ...
(Swimming - inducted 2015)[
]
Attendance and Media coverage
There was more media coverage for the 1996 Paralympics in Australia than there was for previous Paralympic Games. The Australian Paralympic Federation set a goal prior to the start of the Games to do just this, with a focus on attaining coverage in sections other than the sport pages of newspapers. Media outlets that covered Australia at the Paralympics included Who Weekly, ABC Radio National
Radio National, known on-air as RN, is an Australia-wide public service broadcasting radio network run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). From 1947 until 1985, the network was known as ABC Radio 2.
History
1937: Predecessors an ...
, Nine Network's Today Show
''Today'' (also called ''The Today Show'' or informally, ''NBC News Today'') is an American news and talk morning television show that airs weekdays from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on NBC. The program debuted on January 14, 1952. It w ...
, Channel Seven's AM and ''Witness'' programs, and coverage in all the national newspapers. Channel Seven, an Australian commercial station, sent a crew to Atlanta to cover the Games. The crew did live interviews, and helped provide coverage of the Games. This coverage included several segments of fifteen minutes during the station's news programs. Media coverage of the Games was aided by the time difference: Event results came in live during morning shows on Australian radio.
Paul Griffiths was leading most of the work when early in 1996 and helped secure exposure and media for Atlanta with his work with ABC TV Sport, before stepping down from the job. Greg Campbell was also a major contributor with exposure and all media types getting a boost between January and September in 1996.[ This led to increased sponsorship and awareness coming up to the Atlanta games, gained much needed momentum that solidified the games as an elite sport, gaining high level media traction. The Australian Paralympic Federation considered the media coverage to be a great success in terms of boosting awareness of its program and its athletes.]
See also
Images of the Australian Team at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
References
Bibliography
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External links
Australian Paralympic Federation 1996 Media Guide
{{DEFAULTSORT:Australia At The 1996 Summer Paralympics
Nations at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
1996
Paralympics