Auckland City was a
territorial authority
Territorial authorities are the second tier of local government in New Zealand, below regional councils. There are 67 territorial authorities: 13 city councils, 53 district councils and the Chatham Islands Council. District councils serve a ...
with
city status covering the
central isthmus of the urban area of
Auckland,
New Zealand. It was governed by the
Auckland City Council from 1989 to 2010, and as a territory within the wider
Auckland Region
Auckland () is one of the sixteen regions of New Zealand, which takes its name from the eponymous urban area. The region encompasses the Auckland Metropolitan Area, smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. Containing ...
, was also governed by
Auckland Regional Council
The Auckland Regional Council (ARC) was the regional council (one of the former local government authorities) of the Auckland Region. Its predecessor the Auckland Regional Authority (ARA) was formed in 1963 and became the ARC in 1989. The AR ...
. Auckland City was disestablished as a local authority on 1 November 2010, when Auckland City Council was amalgamated with other councils of the Auckland Region into the new
Auckland Council
Auckland Council ( mi, Te Kaunihera o Tāmaki Makaurau) is the local government council for the Auckland Region in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority that has the responsibilities, duties and powers of a regional council and so is ...
. At the time of its disestablishment, the city had a resident population of around 450,000.
The Auckland City included the
Auckland CBD – a major financial and commercial centre – the surrounding
suburbs
A suburb (more broadly suburban area) is an area within a metropolitan area, which may include commercial and mixed-use, that is primarily a residential area. A suburb can exist either as part of a larger city/urban area or as a separate ...
, and
Hauraki Gulf islands such as
Waiheke and
Great Barrier Island.
Geography
The mainland part of Auckland City occupied the
Auckland isthmus, also known as the Tāmaki isthmus. The
Waitematā Harbour, which opens to the
Hauraki Gulf, separated
North Shore City from the isthmus. The
Manukau Harbour, which opens to the
Tasman Sea, separated
Manukau City from the isthmus. The distance between the two harbours is particularly narrow at each end of the isthmus. At the western end, the
Whau River, an estuarial arm of the Waitematā Harbour, comes within two kilometres of the waters of the Manukau Harbour on the west coast and marks the beginning of the
Northland Peninsula. A few kilometres to the southeast at
Ōtāhuhu, the
Tāmaki River, an arm of the Hauraki Gulf on the east coast, comes just 1200 metres from the Manukau's waters. Being part of the
Auckland volcanic field
The Auckland volcanic field is an area of monogenetic volcanoes covered by much of the metropolitan area of Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, located in the North Island. The approximately 53 volcanoes in the field have produced a diverse a ...
, much of the isthmus is mantled with volcanic rocks and soils, and several prominent
scoria cones dot the isthmus.
Many Hauraki Gulf islands were part of Auckland City. Such islands of the inner gulf included
Rangitoto, Motutapu, Browns Island, Motuihe, Rakino, Ponui and
Waiheke, while the outer gulf islands included
Little Barrier Island,
Great Barrier and the
Mokohinau Islands
The Mokohinau Islands (Pokohinau) are a small group of islands that lie off the northeast coast of New Zealand's North Island. The islands are 100 km (62 mi) northeast of Auckland, northwest of Great Barrier Island and approximately ea ...
.
Local government
In November 1989, central government
restructured local authorities throughout New Zealand. After substantial protests and legal challenges, Auckland City was merged with eight smaller local authorities to form a new
Auckland City Council. The new Auckland City had double the population of the old. However, amalgamation, forced onto local authorities often against their will, was criticised to have led to less democracy and higher rates for the same services.
A further restructuring and amalgamation brought all seven councils in the area and the
Auckland Regional Council
The Auckland Regional Council (ARC) was the regional council (one of the former local government authorities) of the Auckland Region. Its predecessor the Auckland Regional Authority (ARA) was formed in 1963 and became the ARC in 1989. The AR ...
into one "SuperCity" (
Auckland Council
Auckland Council ( mi, Te Kaunihera o Tāmaki Makaurau) is the local government council for the Auckland Region in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority that has the responsibilities, duties and powers of a regional council and so is ...
), starting 1 November 2010.
Demography
Auckland City was the most populous local authority in the country, with a population of 450,300 at 30 June 2010.
In 2010 it was made up of 188 ethnic groups, making it New Zealand's most diverse city, and slightly more diverse than in 2007, when 185 ethnic groups had been counted.
In 2010, the life expectancy was 83 years for women, and 79.6 years for men, while the average age of the population was 33.4 years, with 35.9 years for the whole country.
In 2009, Auckland was rated the fourth-best place to live in the world, in human resources consultancy
Mercer's annual survey.
[Quality of Living global city rankings 2009: Mercer survey]
Mercer. 28 April 2009.
Economy
In the year to March 2009, Auckland City had 353,000 jobs, of which 26.3% was held by property and business services,
[Auckland business and economy report 2009]
. City of Auckland. Retrieved on 15 September 2009. as well as 65,655 businesses, making up 13.1% of New Zealand's businesses and 16.2% of New Zealand's jobs. Over 2009 to the month of March, Auckland City's unemployment rate increased to 5.6%, compared to the overall New Zealand unemployment rate of 4.5%. In addition the city's economic output declined by 2.4%.
Gareth Stiven, the economic manager of Auckland City, stated that this was because the city's economy was heavily involved with service industries, such as banking and insurance, which were affected by financial crises. However, over the last five years of its existence, Auckland's economic growth averaged 1.4% each year, higher than the average of the region and the nation.
In 2003 three of the ten largest companies in New Zealand (
Air New Zealand,
Fletcher Building
Fletcher Building Limited is one of the largest listed companies in New Zealand, with a market capitalisation of nearly New Zealand dollar, NZ$4 billion. The company was split from Fletcher Challenge in 2001, formerly New Zealand's largest bu ...
, and
Foodstuffs) were headquartered in Auckland City.
[The Economy of Auckland’s Central Business District]
. City of Auckland. September 2003. 10 (20/77). Retrieved on 7 September 2009. Many large corporations were housed within
Auckland CBD, the central part of Auckland City.
Air New Zealand has its worldwide headquarters, called "The Hub", off Beaumont and Fanshawe Streets in the
Western Reclamation;
[Gibson, Anne.]
Air NZ readies for headquarters shift
" '' The New Zealand Herald''. 14 August 2006. Retrieved on 26 August 2009. the airline moved there from the Auckland CBD in 2006.
In September 2003 Air New Zealand was the only one of the very largest corporations in New Zealand to have its headquarters within the Auckland CBD.
Suburbs
These lists of suburbs are arranged electorally, by the wards, starting from the west.
* Avondale-Roskill:
**
Avondale
**
Blockhouse Bay
Blockhouse Bay is a residential suburb in the south west of Auckland, in New Zealand's North Island. It is sited on the northern coast of the Manukau Harbour, and is also close to the administrative boundary that existed between Auckland Cit ...
**
Lynfield
Lynfield is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is under the local governance of Auckland Council. The suburb is located on the southwestern Auckland isthmus bordering the Manukau Harbour, much of which is densely forested with native forest. L ...
**
New Windsor
**
Hillsborough
Hillsborough may refer to:
Australia
*Hillsborough, New South Wales, a suburb of Lake Macquarie
Canada
*Hillsborough, New Brunswick
*Hillsborough Parish, New Brunswick
* Hillsborough, Nova Scotia, in Inverness County
*Hillsborough (electoral d ...
**
Three Kings
**
Waikowhai
Waikowhai is an Auckland suburb.
Waikowhai is under the local governance of the Auckland Council.
The name is Māori: Wai means "Water" and the kōwhai is a native tree with a bright yellow flower. Waikōwhai means kōwhai by the water in Māor ...
**
Mount Roskill
**
Sandringham
**
Wesley
* Eden-Albert:
**
Balmoral
**
Morningside
**
Mount Albert
**
Mount Eden
**
Owairaka
Owairaka is a suburb of New Zealand's largest city, Auckland. It is under the local governance of the Auckland Council.
Owairaka is home to the Owairaka Athletic Club which is based at the Lovelock Track where five world records have been se ...
**
Kingsland Kingsland may refer to:
Places
;Barbados
* Kingsland, Barbados (in Christ Church, Barbados Parish)
;Canada
* Kingsland, Calgary, Alberta, a neighborhood
;Australia
* proposed alternative name for the Northern Territory in 1912
;New Zealand
* Kings ...
**
Sandringham
**
Waterview
* Western Bays:
**
Grey Lynn
**
Newton
Newton most commonly refers to:
* Isaac Newton (1642–1726/1727), English scientist
* Newton (unit), SI unit of force named after Isaac Newton
Newton may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Newton'' (film), a 2017 Indian film
* Newton ( ...
**
Western Springs
**
Point Chevalier
**
Westmere
**
Ponsonby
**
Herne Bay
**
Freemans Bay
**
Saint Marys Bay
* Hobson:
**
Auckland CBDCBD
**
Epsom
**
Greenlane
**
Newmarket
**
One Tree Hill One Tree Hill may refer to:
* "One Tree Hill" (song), a 1987 song by U2 referencing One Tree Hill, New Zealand volcanic peak
* ''One Tree Hill'' (TV series), a 2003–2012 American drama series named for the U2 song
** ''One Tree Hill'' (soundtr ...
**
Parnell
**
Remuera
**
Mechanics Bay
**
Grafton Grafton may refer to:
Places
Australia
* Grafton, New South Wales
Canada
* Grafton, New Brunswick
* Grafton, Nova Scotia
* Grafton, Ontario
England
* Grafton, Cheshire
* Grafton, Herefordshire
*Grafton, North Yorkshire
* Grafton, Oxfordshi ...
**
Newton
Newton most commonly refers to:
* Isaac Newton (1642–1726/1727), English scientist
* Newton (unit), SI unit of force named after Isaac Newton
Newton may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Newton'' (film), a 2017 Indian film
* Newton ( ...
* Eastern Bays:
**
Mission Bay
**
Kohimarama
**
Saint Heliers
**
Ōrākei
**
Glendowie
**
Meadowbank
**
Saint Johns
* Tamaki–Maungakiekie:
**
Glen Innes
**
Point England
Point England is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is under the local governance of the Auckland Council.
Demographics
Point England covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2.
Point ...
**
Tāmaki
Tāmaki is a small suburb of East Auckland, 11 kilometres from the Auckland CBD, in the North Island of New Zealand. It is located by the banks of the estuarial Tāmaki River, which is a southern arm of the Hauraki Gulf. The suburb is between ...
**
Panmure
**
Mount Wellington Mount Wellington may refer to:
Mountains
* Mount Wellington (British Columbia), in Canada
* Mount Wellington (New York), in Otsego County, New York, United States
* Mount Wellington (Tasmania), in Tasmania, Australia
* Mount Wellington (Victoria) ...
**
Ellerslie
**
Ōtāhuhu
**
Westfield
**
Southdown
**
Penrose
**
Oranga
Oranga is a small residential suburb in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located nine kilometres to the southeast of the city centre, between the commercial suburbs of Te Papapa and Penrose to the south and east, and the residential suburbs of One ...
**
Te Papapa
**
Onehunga
**
Royal Oak
**
Stonefields
Stonefields is a suburb in Auckland, New Zealand, located 8 kilometres southeast of the city centre. Stonefields is surrounded by the suburbs of Mount Wellington, Saint Johns and Glen Innes.
History
The 100 hectares site of single basalt ...
Note:
CBD - central business district
For the suburbs of the other cities within the Auckland urban area, see
North Shore,
Manukau,
Waitakere and
Papakura
Papakura is a southern suburb of Auckland, in northern New Zealand. It is located on the shores of the Pahurehure Inlet, approximately 32 kilometres south of the Auckland CBD. It is under the authority of the Auckland Council.
Papakura is a M ...
.
Roads
*
Dominion Road – an arterial road running north–south across most of the central isthmus
*
Great North Road – begins as a continuation of Karangahape Road and runs south-westward before crossing into what was
Waitakere City
*
Great South Road – runs south from Epsom and crosses from Ōtāhuhu into what was Manukau City
*
Karangahape Road – a commercial street running west–east and intersecting Queen Street at the southern edge of the CBD
*
Portage Road
Portage or portaging (Canada: ; ) is the practice of carrying water craft or cargo over land, either around an obstacle in a river, or between two bodies of water. A path where items are regularly carried between bodies of water is also called a ...
– in Ōtāhuhu, the southernmost suburb, following the path of
Te Tō Waka, the Māori canoe portage between the Tāmaki River and the Manukau Harbour, intersecting Great South Road
*
Queen Street – the main commercial street, running south, uphill from
Queens Wharf through the CBD
*
Tāmaki Drive
Tamaki Drive is the coastal road which follows the contours of the Waitematā Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand. The road links the suburbs Ōrākei, Mission Bay, and Kohimarama ending in Saint Heliers providing easy access to the local beaches. ...
– a coastal road running eastward from the eastern edge of the CBD to Saint Heliers
Sister cities and friendship cities
Auckland City had six sister cities and two friendship city relationships.
All of these cities except
Hamburg (Germany) and
Galway (Ireland) are located around the
Pacific Rim
The Pacific Rim comprises the lands around the rim of the Pacific Ocean. The ''Pacific Basin'' includes the Pacific Rim and the islands in the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Rim roughly overlaps with the geologic Pacific Ring of Fire.
List of co ...
.
[International partnerships](_blank)
(from the Auckland City Council website. Retrieved 7 October 2006.)
See also
*
Auckland waterfront
*
Auckland isthmus
References
* A Complete Guide To Heraldry by A.C. Fox-Davies 1909.
External links
Auckland City Council website the local authority for Auckland
History of Auckland Cityby Graham Bush
Heart of the City website by the Auckland CBD business' associationHeritage Walks: The Engineering Heritage of Auckland historic text, 360° panoramas and heritage imagery accessed through an interactive map
{{Use dmy dates, date=July 2016
Territorial authorities of New Zealand
Populated places established in 1871
Populated places disestablished in 2010
History of Auckland
Former subdivisions of the Auckland Region