''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
atypical tarantulas first described by
Pierre André Latreille in 1804.
It occurs in
Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...
, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
, and one species (''A. snetsingeri'') in the USA. Only three of the described species occur in Europe: ''A. piceus'', ''A. affinis'', and ''A. muralis''.
Peasants in the southern
Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches ...
used to cut up tubes built by ''Atypus'' and cover wounds with the inner lining. It reportedly facilitated healing, and even connected with the skin. This is believed to be due to antiseptic properties of
spider silk
Spider silk is a protein fibre spun by spiders. Spiders use their silk to make Spider web, webs or other structures, which function as sticky nets to catch other animals, or as nests or cocoons to protect their offspring, or to wrap up prey. ...
(which is made of
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
).
Identification features
They are three-clawed, medium to large spiders with eight eyes. They have six
spinnerets
A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect. Some adult insects also have spinnerets, such as those borne on the forelegs of Embioptera. Spinnerets are usually on the underside of a spider's opisthosoma, and are ...
with the median spinneret truncated. The
prolateral
This glossary describes the terms used in formal descriptions of spiders; where applicable these terms are used in describing other arachnids.
Links within the glossary are shown .
Terms A
Abdomen or opisthosoma: One of the two main body part ...
sides of the
maxilla
The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The t ...
e are elongated. The cephalic side of the
cephalothorax
The cephalothorax, also called prosoma in some groups, is a tagma of various arthropods, comprising the head and the thorax fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind. (The terms ''prosoma'' and ''opisthosoma'' are equivalent to ''cepha ...
is elevated. They have large
chelicerae with long and thin fangs. The male
sternum has marginal ridges.
Species
it contains thirty-four species:
*''
Atypus affinis
''Atypus affinis'', the purseweb spider, is a common mygalomorph spider from Europe.
Distribution
It is found in Europe (Netherlands, Germany) and southern England, but ranging as far north as southern Sweden and as far south as North Africa. It ...
''
Eichwald Eichwald may refer to:
* Eichwald (surname)
* Eichwald porcelain
* part of the city of Kassel, Germany
* part of the village of Schönborn, Germany
See also
* Chalampé, Alsace, France (German: Eichwald)
* Dubí, Czech Republic (formerly Eichwa ...
, 1830 – Europe (Ireland to Ukraine), North Africa
*''
Atypus baotianmanensis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Hu, 1994 – China
*''
Atypus baotingensis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Li, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhang & Li, 2018 – China (Hainan)
*''
Atypus coreanus
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Kim, 1985 – Korea
*''
Atypus dorsualis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar, Thailand
*''
Atypus flexus
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
*''
Atypus formosensis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of Atypidae, atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. s ...
''
Kayashima, 1943 – Taiwan
*''
Atypus heterothecus
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Zhang, 1985 – China
*''
Atypus javanus
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Thorell, 1890 – Indonesia (Java)
*''
Atypus jianfengensis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Li, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhang & Li, 2018 – China (Hainan)
*''
Atypus karschi
''Atypus karschi'' is a mygalomorph spider found in Korea, China, Taiwan, and Japan. It has been introduced into the United States.
These spiders are black or dark brown and range from . Like other spiders in its infraorder, it has fangs that p ...
''
Dönitz, 1887 – China, Taiwan, Japan
*''
Atypus lannaianus
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinger ...
''
Schwendinger, 1989 – Thailand
*''
Atypus largosaccatus''
Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
*''
Atypus ledongensis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinge ...
''
Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
*''
Atypus magnus''
Namkung, 1986 – Russia (Far East), Korea
*''
Atypus medius''
Oliger, 1999 – Russia (Far East)
*''
Atypus minutus''
Lee, Lee, Yoo & Kim, 2015 – Korea
*''
Atypus muralis
''Atypus muralis'' is a mygalomorph spider from Central Europe to Turkmenistan. It is very similar to ''Atypus piceus'', but the posterior Spinneret (spider), spinnerets consist of four instead of three segments.Jones, Dick (1989) ''A Guide to Sp ...
''
Bertkau, 1890 – Central Europe to Iran and Turkmenistan
*''
Atypus pedicellatus''
Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
*''
Atypus piceus
''Atypus piceus'' is a mygalomorph spider of the family Atypidae. It occurs in Europe to Moldavia, and Iran and is the type species of the genus ''Atypus''.
Description
Males are about long without chelicerae, females up to . Males are of a dee ...
''
(Sulzer, 1776) (
type
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* Ty ...
) – Europe (France to Russia), Iran
*''
Atypus quelpartensis''
Namkung, 2002 – Korea
*''
Atypus sacculatus
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinge ...
''
Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
*''
Atypus seogwipoensis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinge ...
''
Kim, Ye & Noh, 2015 – Korea
*''
Atypus sinensis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinge ...
''
Schenkel, 1953 – China
*''
Atypus snetsingeri
''Atypus karschi'' is a mygalomorph spider found in Korea, China, Taiwan, and Japan. It has been introduced into the United States.
These spiders are black or dark brown and range from . Like other spiders in its infraorder, it has fangs that ...
''
Sarno, 1973 – USA
*''
Atypus sternosulcus
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinge ...
''
Kim, Kim, Jung & Lee, 2006 – Korea
*''
Atypus suiningensis
''Atypus'', also called purseweb spiders, is a genus of atypical tarantulas first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. It occurs in Eurasia, with one species (''A. affinis'') reaching into North Africa, and one species (''A. snetsinge ...
''
Zhang, 1985 – China
*''
Atypus suthepicus''
Schwendinger, 1989 – Thailand
*''
Atypus sutherlandi''
Chennappaiya, 1935 – India
*''
Atypus suwonensis''
Kim, Kim, Jung & Lee, 2006 – Korea
*''
Atypus tibetensis''
Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
*''
Atypus wataribabaorum''
Tanikawa, 2006 – Japan
*''
Atypus wii''
Siliwal, Kumar & Raven
A raven is any of several larger-bodied bird species of the genus ''Corvus''. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between "crows" and "ravens", common names which are assigned t ...
, 2014 – India
*''
Atypus yajuni''
Zhu, Zhang, Song & Qu, 2006 – China
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q98771
Atypidae
Mygalomorphae genera
Spiders of Asia
Spiders of Africa
Spiders of North America
Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille