''Attulus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

jumping spiders Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spi ...

that was first described by

Eugène Louis Simon Eugene is a common male given name that comes from the Greek εὐγενής (''eugenēs''), "noble", literally "well-born", from εὖ (''eu''), "well" and γένος (''genos''), "race, stock, kin".Attus''. The correct name of the type species involves some taxonomic complexity. Simon gave ''Attus cinereus'' Westring, 1861 as the type of the genus. However, this name had already been used by Walckenaer in 1837 for a different species, so Simon's 1871

replacement name In biological nomenclature, a ''nomen novum'' (Latin for "new name"), new replacement name (or replacement name, new substitute name, substitute name) is a scientific name that is created specifically to replace another scientific name, but only w ...

''Attus helveolus'' is used instead. ''A. helveolus'' is now regarded as the same species as ''Attus distinguendus'', described by Simon in 1868, so having priority as a name. Thus the type species is currently known as ''

Attulus distinguendus ''Attulus distinguendus'', also called the distinguished jumper spider, is a species of spider in the family Salticidae, the jumping spiders. Until 2017, it was placed in the genus ''Sitticus''. It inhabits central and western Europe, the Palaear ...

''. Within the family Salticidae, ''Attulus'' is placed in the tribe Sitticini (the sitticines). The taxonomy of the tribe and the genus ''Attulus'' has been subject to considerable uncertainty; some species changed genus repeatedly between 2017 and 2020. For example, ''

Attulus floricola ''Attulus floricola'' is a species of jumping spider (family Salticidae) with a Palearctic distribution. They are typically in length. Females are dark reddish brown, with an almost black anterior. Formerly, it was placed in the genus ''Sittic ...

'' was known as ''Sitticus floricola'' until moved to ''Sittiflor floricola'' in 2017, to ''Calositticus floricola'' in 2018, back to ''Sitticus floricola'' in 2019, and then to ''Attulus floricola'' in 2020. Most sitticines were placed in ''Sitticus'' until 2017, when

Jerzy Prószyński Jerzy Prószyński (born 1935 in Warsaw) is a Polish arachnologist specializing in systematics of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). He is a graduate of the University of Warsaw, a long-term employee of the Siedlce University of Natural Scienc ...

split the genus into seven: ''Attulus'', ''Sitticus'' and five new genera ''Sittiab'', ''Sittiflor'', ''Sittilong'', ''Sittipub'' and ''Sittisax''. This division was not based on a phylogenetic analysis but was intended to be "pragmatic". A molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2020 restored most sitticine species to a single genus. Although ''Sitticus'' had been used in this sense for a long time, ''Attulus'' Simon, 1889 has priority over ''Sitticus'' Simon, 1901, so is the name currently used. ''Attulus'' is

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

to include ''Sitticus'', ''Sittiflor'', ''Sittilong'' and ''Sittipub''. (Prószyński's '' Sittisax'' was retained, but his ''Sittiab'' was synonymized with ''

Attinella ''Attinella'' is a genus of North American jumping spiders. It was first described by Nathan Banks in 1905 based on the type species '' Attinella dorsata'' (originally ''Attus dorsatus''). it contains only three species: '' A. concolor'', '' A. ...

''.)

Phylogeny

In 2020,

Wayne Maddison Wayne Paul Maddison , is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum. His research ...

and co-workers divided the tribe Sitticini into two subtribes, Aillutticina and Sitticina. ''Attulus'' was placed in Sitticina, and divided into three subgenera, ''A.'' (''Sittilong'') with one species, ''A.'' (''Sitticus'') with seven species, and ''A.'' (''Attulus'') with 41 species. The relationship between these taxa is shown in the following cladogram.

Species

, the ''

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

'' recognized 58 species in the genus ''Attulus''. They are found in Asia, Europe and North America: *''

Attulus albolineatus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Kulczyński, 1895) – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea *''

Attulus ammophilus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' ( Thorell, 1875) – Romania, Ukraine, Russia (Europe) *''

Attulus ansobicus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' ( Andreeva, 1976) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia *''

Attulus atricapillus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Simon, 1882) – Europe, Turkey *''

Attulus avocator ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (

O. Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...

, 1885) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan *''

Attulus barsakelmes ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan *''

Attulus burjaticus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Danilov & Logunov, 1994) – Russia (South Siberia) *''

Attulus caricis ''Attulus caricis'' is a species of spider in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). It has a Palearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north ...

'' (Westring, 1861) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Mongolia *''

Attulus cautus ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1888) – Mexico *''

Attulus clavator ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Schenkel, 1936) – China *''

Attulus cutleri ''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '. Taxonomy In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...

'' (Prószyński, 1980) – North America, Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East) *'' Attulus damini'' (Chyzer, 1891) – Southern Europe, Ukraine, Russia (Caucasus) *'' Attulus diductus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Karakorum, China *''

'' (Simon, 1868) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China *'' Attulus dubatolovi'' (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) – Kazakhstan *'' Attulus dudkoi'' (Logunov, 1998) – Russia (South Siberia) *'' Attulus dyali'' (Roewer, 1951) – Pakistan *'' Attulus dzieduszyckii'' (L. Koch, 1870) – Europe, Russia (Europe, West Siberia) *'' Attulus eskovi'' (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1995) – Russia (Far East) *''

Attulus fasciger ''Attulus fasciger'' is a species of spider from the family Salticidae native to northern and western Asia but now introduced to North America. Description The spider is brownish-black coloured, has 8 eyes, and is in size. The sexes are simila ...

'' (Simon, 1880) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America *'' Attulus finschi'' (L. Koch, 1879) – USA, Canada, Russia (West Siberia to Far East) *''

'' (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Canada, USA, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Japan *'' Attulus godlewskii'' (Kulczyński, 1895) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America *'' Attulus goricus'' (Ovtsharenko, 1978) – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia) *'' Attulus hirokii'' Ono & Ogata, 2018 – Japan *'' Attulus inexpectus'' (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997) – Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Kazakhstan, Central Asia *'' Attulus inopinabilis'' (Logunov, 1992) – Ukraine, Russia (Urals), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus japonicus'' (Kishida, 1910) – Japan *'' Attulus karakumensis'' (Logunov, 1992) – Iran, Turkmenistan *'' Attulus kazakhstanicus'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan *'' Attulus longipes'' (Canestrini, 1873) – Alps (France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria) *'' Attulus mirandus'' (Logunov, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Russia (South Siberia), China *'' Attulus monstrabilis'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus montanus'' Kishida, 1910) – Japan *'' Attulus nakamurae'' (Kishida, 1910) – Japan *'' Attulus nenilini'' (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus nitidus'' (Hu, 2001) – China *'' Attulus niveosignatus'' (Simon, 1880) – Nepal to China *'' Attulus penicillatus'' (Simon, 1875) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Japan *'' Attulus penicilloides'' (Wesolowska, 1981) – North Korea *'' Attulus pubescens'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Afghanistan. Introduced to USA *'' Attulus pulchellus'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus relictarius'' (Logunov, 1998) – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan), Iran *'' Attulus rivalis'' (Simon, 1937) – France *'' Attulus rupicola'' (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Europe *'' Attulus saevus'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan *'' Attulus saganus'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan *'' Attulus saltator'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan *'' Attulus sinensis'' (Schenkel, 1963) – China, Korea? *'' Attulus striatus'' (Emerton, 1911) – USA, Canada *'' Attulus subadultus'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan *'' Attulus sylvestris'' (Emerton, 1891) – Canada, USA *'' Attulus talgarensis'' (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan *'' Attulus tannuolana'' (Logunov, 1991) – Russia (South Siberia) *'' Attulus terebratus'' (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia *'' Attulus vilis'' (

Kulczyński Kulczyński (feminine: Kulczyńska, plural: Kulczyńscy) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Stanisław Kulczyński (1895-1975), Polish botanist and politician * Władysław Kulczyński Władysław Kulczyński (27 Marc ...

, 1895) – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia *'' Attulus zaisanicus'' (Logunov, 1998) – Kazakhstan *'' Attulus zimmermanni'' Simon, 1877 – Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2112547 Palearctic spiders Sitticini Salticidae genera Taxa named by Eugène Simon