jumping spiders
Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping ...
that was first described by
Eugène Louis Simon
Eugene is a common male given name that comes from the Greek εὐγενής (''eugenēs''), "noble", literally "well-born", from εὖ (''eu''), "well" and γένος (''genos''), "race, stock, kin".Attus''. The correct name of the type species involves some taxonomic complexity. Simon gave ''Attus cinereus'' Westring, 1861 as the type of the genus. However, this name had already been used by Walckenaer in 1837 for a different species, so Simon's 1871
replacement name
In biological nomenclature, a ''nomen novum'' ( Latin for "new name"), new replacement name (or replacement name, new substitute name, substitute name) is a scientific name that is created specifically to replace another scientific name, but only ...
''Attus helveolus'' is used instead. ''A. helveolus'' is now regarded as the same species as ''Attus distinguendus'', described by Simon in 1868, so having priority as a name. Thus the type species is currently known as ''
Attulus distinguendus
''Attulus distinguendus'', also called the distinguished jumper spider, is a species of spider in the family Salticidae, the jumping spiders. Until 2017, it was placed in the genus ''Sitticus''. It inhabits central and western Europe, the Palaear ...
''.
Within the family Salticidae, ''Attulus'' is placed in the tribe Sitticini (the sitticines). The taxonomy of the tribe and the genus ''Attulus'' has been subject to considerable uncertainty; some species changed genus repeatedly between 2017 and 2020. For example, ''
Attulus floricola
''Attulus floricola'' is a species of jumping spider (family Salticidae) with a Palearctic distribution. They are typically in length. Females are dark reddish brown, with an almost black anterior.
Formerly, it was placed in the genus ''Sittic ...
'' was known as ''Sitticus floricola'' until moved to ''Sittiflor floricola'' in 2017, to ''Calositticus floricola'' in 2018, back to ''Sitticus floricola'' in 2019, and then to ''Attulus floricola'' in 2020. Most sitticines were placed in ''Sitticus'' until 2017, when Jerzy Prószyński split the genus into seven: ''Attulus'', ''Sitticus'' and five new genera ''Sittiab'', ''Sittiflor'', ''Sittilong'', ''Sittipub'' and ''Sittisax''. This division was not based on a phylogenetic analysis but was intended to be "pragmatic". A molecular phylogenetic analysis in 2020 restored most sitticine species to a single genus. Although ''Sitticus'' had been used in this sense for a long time, ''Attulus'' Simon, 1889 has priority over ''Sitticus'' Simon, 1901, so is the name currently used. ''Attulus'' is circumscribed to include ''Sitticus'', ''Sittiflor'', ''Sittilong'' and ''Sittipub''. (Prószyński's ''
Sittisax
''Sittisax'' is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders).
Taxonomy
''Sittisax'' is one of a number of genera that were split off from the broadly defined genus ''Sitticus'' (now ''Attulus'') by Jerzy Prószyński
Jerz ...
'' was retained, but his ''Sittiab'' was synonymized with ''
Attinella
''Attinella'' is a genus of North American jumping spiders. It was first described by Nathan Banks in 1905 based on the type species '' Attinella dorsata'' (originally ''Attus dorsatus''). it contains only three species: '' A. concolor'', '' A. ...
''.)
Phylogeny
In 2020, Wayne Maddison and co-workers divided the tribe Sitticini into two subtribes, Aillutticina and Sitticina. ''Attulus'' was placed in Sitticina, and divided into three subgenera, ''A.'' (''Sittilong'') with one species, ''A.'' (''Sitticus'') with seven species, and ''A.'' (''Attulus'') with 41 species. The relationship between these taxa is shown in the following cladogram.
Species
, the '' World Spider Catalog'' recognized 58 species in the genus ''Attulus''. They are found in Asia, Europe and North America:
*''
Attulus albolineatus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Kulczyński, 1895) – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea
*''
Attulus ammophilus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' ( Thorell, 1875) – Romania, Ukraine, Russia (Europe)
*''
Attulus ansobicus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' ( Andreeva, 1976) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia
*''
Attulus atricapillus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Simon, 1882) – Europe, Turkey
*''
Attulus avocator
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (
O. Pickard-Cambridge
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider.
Life and work
Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...
, 1885) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
*''
Attulus barsakelmes
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''
Attulus burjaticus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Danilov & Logunov, 1994) – Russia (South Siberia)
*''
Attulus caricis
''Attulus caricis'' is a species of spider in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). It has a Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north ...
'' (Westring, 1861) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Mongolia
*''
Attulus cautus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Peckham & Peckham, 1888) – Mexico
*''
Attulus clavator
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Schenkel, 1936) – China
*''
Attulus cutleri
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Prószyński, 1980) – North America, Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East)
*''
Attulus damini
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Chyzer, 1891) – Southern Europe, Ukraine, Russia (Caucasus)
*''
Attulus diductus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Karakorum, China
*''
Attulus distinguendus
''Attulus distinguendus'', also called the distinguished jumper spider, is a species of spider in the family Salticidae, the jumping spiders. Until 2017, it was placed in the genus ''Sitticus''. It inhabits central and western Europe, the Palaear ...
'' (Simon, 1868) (
type
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* Ty ...
) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China
*''
Attulus dubatolovi
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov & Rakov, 1998) – Kazakhstan
*''
Attulus dudkoi
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov, 1998) – Russia (South Siberia)
*''
Attulus dyali
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Roewer, 1951) – Pakistan
*'' Attulus dzieduszyckii'' (L. Koch, 1870) – Europe, Russia (Europe, West Siberia)
*''
Attulus eskovi
''Attulus eskovi'' is a jumping spider species in the family Salticidae that was first described in 1995.
Etymology
The species is named after Kirill Eskov, who collected most of the type material and information on its habitat.
Distribution ...
'' (Logunov & Wesołowska, 1995) – Russia (Far East)
*''
Attulus fasciger
''Attulus fasciger'' is a species of spider from the family Salticidae native to northern and western Asia but now introduced to North America.
Description
The spider is brownish-black coloured, has 8 eyes, and is in size. The sexes are simila ...
'' (Simon, 1880) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America
*'' Attulus finschi'' (L. Koch, 1879) – USA, Canada, Russia (West Siberia to Far East)
*''
Attulus floricola
''Attulus floricola'' is a species of jumping spider (family Salticidae) with a Palearctic distribution. They are typically in length. Females are dark reddish brown, with an almost black anterior.
Formerly, it was placed in the genus ''Sittic ...
'' (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Canada, USA, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China, Japan
*''
Attulus godlewskii
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Kulczyński, 1895) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan. Introduced to North America
*''
Attulus goricus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
Attulus hirokii
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' Ono & Ogata, 2018 – Japan
*''
Attulus inexpectus
''Attulus inexpectus'' is a species of spider from family Salticidae, found in from Europe (including southern England) to central Asia. It was previously misidentified as '' Attulus rupicola'' (syn. ''Sitticus rupicola'').
Until 2017, it was ...
'' (Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997) – Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Kazakhstan, Central Asia
*''
Attulus inopinabilis
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov, 1992) – Ukraine, Russia (Urals), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
*''
Attulus japonicus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Kishida, 1910) – Japan
*''
Attulus karakumensis
''Attulus'' is a genus of Salticidae, jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the ...
'' (Logunov, 1992) – Iran, Turkmenistan
*''
Attulus kazakhstanicus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan
*''
Attulus longipes
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
Attulus mirandus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Russia (South Siberia), China
*''
Attulus monstrabilis
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
*''
Attulus montanus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' Kishida, 1910) – Japan
*''
Attulus nakamurae
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Kishida, 1910) – Japan
*''
Attulus nenilini
''Attulus nenilini'' is a jumping spider species that lives in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It was first described in 1993 and named ''Sitticus nenilini'' but was moved to the genus ''Attulus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that wa ...
'' (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
*''
Attulus nitidus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Hu, 2001) – China
*'' Attulus niveosignatus'' (Simon, 1880) – Nepal to China
*''
Attulus penicillatus
''Attulus'' is a genus of Salticidae, jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the ...
'' (Simon, 1875) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China, Korea, Japan
*'' Attulus penicilloides'' (Wesolowska, 1981) – North Korea
*''
Attulus pubescens
''Attulus pubescens'' is a species of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). Until 2017, it was known as ''Sitticus pubescens''.
Description
Females have a body length of up to about , males being slightly shorter at around , with a smaller abdom ...
'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Afghanistan. Introduced to USA
*''
Attulus pulchellus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov, 1992) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
*''
Attulus relictarius
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
Attulus rivalis
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Simon, 1937) – France
*''
Attulus rupicola
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Europe
*''
Attulus saevus
''Attulus'' is a genus of Salticidae, jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon, Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the ...
'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan
*''
Attulus saganus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan
*''
Attulus saltator
''Attulus saltator'' (formerly ''Sitticus saltator'') is a species of jumping spider, from the Sitticinae subfamily. It was first described by Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1868 and has a Palearctic distribution, including Great Brit ...
'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1868) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
*''
Attulus sinensis
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Schenkel, 1963) – China, Korea?
*''
Attulus striatus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Emerton, 1911) – USA, Canada
*''
Attulus subadultus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Dönitz & Strand, 1906) – Japan
*''
Attulus sylvestris
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Emerton, 1891) – Canada, USA
*''
Attulus talgarensis
''Attulus talgarensis'' is a jumping spider species that lives in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It was first described in 1993 and named ''Sitticus talgarensis'' but was moved to the genus ''Attulus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders t ...
'' (Logunov & Wesolowska, 1993) – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
*''
Attulus tannuolana
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov, 1991) – Russia (South Siberia)
*''
Attulus terebratus
''Attulus terebratus'' is a species of spiders from the family Salticidae, found in all European countries except for Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the former Yugoslavian states. It is also commonly found in Kazakhsta ...
'' (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Mongolia
*''
Attulus vilis
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (
Kulczyński Kulczyński (feminine: Kulczyńska, plural: Kulczyńscy) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Stanisław Kulczyński (1895-1975), Polish botanist and politician
* Władysław Kulczyński
Władysław Kulczyński (27 Marc ...
, 1895) – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Turkey, Caucasus, Iran, Kazakhstan, Central Asia
*''
Attulus zaisanicus
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' (Logunov, 1998) – Kazakhstan
*''
Attulus zimmermanni
''Attulus'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. The name is a diminutive form of a common prefix for salticid genera, '.
Taxonomy
In 1889, Eugène Simon separated the genus ''Attulus'' from the ...
'' Simon, 1877 – Europe, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan