![AsambleaXIII](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/AsambleaXIII.svg)
The Assembly of Year XIII ( es, Asamblea del Año XIII) was a meeting called by the
Second Triumvirate governing the young republic of the
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata ( es, link=no, Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata), earlier known as the United Provinces of South America ( es, link=no, Provincias Unidas de Sudamérica), was a name adopted in 1816 by the Co ...
(modern-day Argentina, Uruguay, part of Bolivia) on October 1812.
One of the objectives of the assembly was to define an institutional government system for the republic. Without the presence of representatives from some of the
provinces
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
(such as the
Oriental Province
Banda Oriental, or more fully Banda Oriental del Uruguay (Eastern Bank), was the name of the South American territories east of the Uruguay River and north of Río de la Plata that comprise the modern nation of Uruguay; the modern state of Rio Gra ...
), it was inaugurated on January 31, 1813 (hence the name). At the same time, it was to proclaim independence from
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
, and write the first
constitution
A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.
When these princ ...
of the young state.
Accomplishments
During the assembly, different interests delayed the
declaration of independence
A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of th ...
, but a number of common points were successfully established:
* The
national coat of arms
A national coat of arms is a symbol which denotes an independent state in the form of a heraldic achievement. While a national flag is usually used by the population at large and is flown outside and on ships, a national coat of arms is normally ...
was chosen.
* The
national anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and Europea ...
was commended.
* The
Freedom of Wombs
Freedom of wombs ( es, Libertad de vientres, pt, Lei do Ventre Livre), also referred to as free birth or the law of wombs, was a 19th century judicial concept in several Latin American countries, that declared that all wombs bore free children. A ...
(''Libertad de vientres'') law, which put an end to slavery, was passed (it dictated that children born from slaves since the passing of the law were automatically free citizens).
* All titles of nobility (from the colonial period) were voided and suppressed.
* The creation of the
national currency
Fiat money (from la, fiat, "let it be done") is a type of currency that is not backed by any commodity such as gold or silver. It is typically designated by the issuing government to be legal tender. Throughout history, fiat money was sometime ...
was ordered.
* The
Spanish Inquisition
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition ( es, Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition ( es, Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand ...
and the practice of
torture
Torture is the deliberate infliction of severe pain or suffering on a person for reasons such as punishment, extracting a confession, interrogational torture, interrogation for information, or intimidating third parties. definitions of tortur ...
were abolished.
* A statute was approved that replaced as Executive Power the ''Second Triumvirate'' for a unipersonal
''Supreme Directorship''.
See also
*
Argentine War of Independence
*
Instructions of the Year XIII
The Instructions of the Year XIII ( es, Instrucciones del año XIII) were the mandate brought by the representatives from the Oriental Province to the Assembly of the Year XIII of the United Provinces of the River Plate.
In 1813, a meeting calle ...
*
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata ( es, link=no, Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata), earlier known as the United Provinces of South America ( es, link=no, Provincias Unidas de Sudamérica), was a name adopted in 1816 by the Co ...
Argentine War of Independence
Argentine historical congresses
1813 in Argentina
Defunct unicameral legislatures
1815 disestablishments
{{Argentina-hist-stub