The
Art Deco
Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...
movement of architecture and design appeared in Paris in about 1910–12, and continued until the beginning of
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
in 1939. It took its name from the
International Exposition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts held in Paris in 1925. It was characterized by bold geometric forms, bright colors, and highly stylized decoration, and it symbolized modernity and luxury. Art Deco architecture, sculpture, and decoration reached its peak at 1939
, and in movie theaters, department stores, other public buildings. It also featured in the work of Paris jewelers, graphic artists, furniture craftsmen, and jewelers, and glass and metal design. Many Art Deco landmarks, including the
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
and the
Palais de Chaillot
The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th ''arrondissement'' of Paris, France.
For the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) ...
, can be seen today in Paris.
Origins
Art Deco
Art Deco, short for the French ''Arts Décoratifs'', and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the Unite ...
was the result of a long campaign by French decorative artists to gain equal status with the creators of paintings and sculpture. The term "arts décoratifs" was invented in 1875 to give designers of furniture, textiles, and other decoration official status. The Société des artistes décorateurs (Society of decorative artists), or SAD, was founded in 1901, and decorative artists were given the same rights of authorship as painters and sculptors. Several new magazines devoted to decorative arts were founded in Paris, including ''Arts et décoration'' and ''L'Art décoratif moderne''. Decorative arts sections were introduced into the annual salons of the Sociéte des artistes français, and later in the''
Salon d'automne
The Salon d'Automne (; en, Autumn Salon), or Société du Salon d'automne, is an art exhibition held annually in Paris, France. Since 2011, it is held on the Champs-Élysées, between the Grand Palais and the Petit Palais, in mid-October. The ...
'', which played a major role in popularizing the style.
Parisian department stores and fashion designers also played an important part in the rise of Art Deco. Established firms including the luggage maker
Louis Vuitton
Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly known as Louis Vuitton (, ), is a French high-end Luxury goods, luxury fashion house and company founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton (designer), Louis Vuitton. The label's LV monogram appears on most of its produc ...
, silverware firm
Christofle, glass designer
René Lalique
René Jules Lalique (6 April 1860 – 1 May 1945) was a French jeweller, medallist, and glass designer known for his creations of glass art, perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks, and automobile hood ornaments.
Life
Lalique's ...
, and the jewelers
Louis Cartier
Cartier International SNC, or simply Cartier (; ), is a French high-end luxury goods conglomerate that designs, manufactures, distributes, and sells jewellery, leather goods, and watches. Founded by Louis-François Cartier (1819–1904) in Paris ...
and
Boucheron
Boucheron () is a French luxury jewellery and watches house located in Paris, 26 Place Vendôme, owned by Kering.
History
At the origins
The House of Boucheron is a French family dynasty founded by Frederic Boucheron in 1858, with the opening ...
, who all began designing products in more modern styles. Beginning in 1900, department stores had recruited decorative artists to work in their design studios. The decoration of the 1912
Salon d'Automne
The Salon d'Automne (; en, Autumn Salon), or Société du Salon d'automne, is an art exhibition held annually in Paris, France. Since 2011, it is held on the Champs-Élysées, between the Grand Palais and the Petit Palais, in mid-October. The ...
had been entrusted to the department store
Printemps
Printemps (; meaning "spring (season), springtime" in French language, French) is a French department store chain (french: grand magasin, links=no, literally "big store"). The Printemps stores focus on beauty, lifestyle, fashion, accessories ...
.
During the same year Printemps created its own workshop called "Primavera". By 1920 Primavera employed more than three hundred artists. The styles ranged from the updated versions of Louis XIV, Louis XVI and especially Louis Philippe furniture made by
Louis Süe
Louis Süe (14 July 1875 – 7 August 1968) was a French painter, architect, designer and decorator. He and André Mare co-founded the ''Compagnie des arts français'', which produced Art Deco furniture and interior decorations for wealthy customer ...
and the Primavera workshop to more modern forms from the workshop of the Au Louvre department store. Other designers, including
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (28 August 1879 – 15 November 1933), (sometimes called Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann), was a French furniture designer and interior decorator, who was one of the most important figures in the Art Deco movement. His furn ...
and
Paul Follot
Paul Follot (17 July 1877 – 1941) was a French designer of luxury furniture and decorative art objects before World War I. He was one of the leaders of the Art Deco movement, and had huge influence in France and elsewhere.After the war he became ...
refused to use mass production, and insisted that each piece be made individually by hand.
The early Art Deco style featured luxurious and exotic materials such as ebony, and ivory and silk, very bright colors and stylized
motifs, particularly baskets and bouquets of flowers of all colors, giving a modernist look.
In 1911, the SAD proposed the holding of a major new international exposition of decorative arts in 1912. No copies of old styles were to be permitted; only modern works. The exhibit was postponed until 1914, then, because of the war, postponed until 1925, when it gave its name to the whole family of styles known as Déco.
Art Deco in architecture was particularly the result of a new technology, the use of reinforced concrete, which allowed buildings to be taller, stronger, and with fewer supporting beams and columns, and to take almost any possible shape. The first reinforced concrete house had been built by
François Coignet
François Coignet (10 February 1814 – 30 October 1888) was a French industrialist and a pioneer in the development of reinforced concrete as the first person to use iron-reinforced concrete to construct buildings.Day, p. 284
Biography
Coign ...
in 1853. In 1877, another Frenchman,
Joseph Monier
Joseph Monier (; 8 November 1823, Saint-Quentin-la-Poterie, France – 13 March 1906, Paris) was a French gardener and one of the principal inventors of reinforced concrete.
Overview
As a gardener, Monier was not satisfied with the material ...
, received a patent for a system of strengthening concrete with a mesh of iron rods in a grid pattern. Two French architects,
Auguste Perret
Auguste Perret (12 February 1874 – 25 February 1954) was a French architect and a pioneer of the architectural use of reinforced concrete. His major works include the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, the first Art Deco building in Paris; the C ...
made very innovative use of the new system. Perret used it to construct the
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
(1911–1913), with its vast space without supporting columns; and later,
Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
used it to construct the first apartment building built like a staircase, each apartment with its own terrace, and another major project, the new building of the
La Samaritaine
La Samaritaine (French pronunciation: a samaʁitɛn is a large department store in Paris, France, located in the first arrondissement. The nearest métro station is Pont-Neuf, directly in front at the quai du Louvre and the rue de la Monnaie ...
department store.
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1910–1913)
The first major building to be constructed in the Art Deco style was the
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
(1910–1913). The first design for the building was made by the Belgian
Henry van de Velde
Henry Clemens van de Velde (; 3 April 1863 – 15 October 1957) was a Belgian painter, architect, interior designer, and art theorist. Together with Victor Horta and Paul Hankar, he is considered one of the founders of Art Nouveau in Belgium.'' ...
, who was a major figure of the
German Werkbund
The Deutscher Werkbund (English: "German Association of Craftsmen"; ) is a German association of artists, architects, designers and industrialists established in 1907. The Werkbund became an important element in the development of modern arch ...
, an association promoting modern decorative arts. He began work on the design in 1910. Its principal feature was the sober and geometric structure of reinforced concrete.
Auguste Perret
Auguste Perret (12 February 1874 – 25 February 1954) was a French architect and a pioneer of the architectural use of reinforced concrete. His major works include the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, the first Art Deco building in Paris; the C ...
, the French architect commissioned to build the structure, argued that Van de Velde's design was "materially impossible" and made his own design. After a dispute with the theater owners, Van de Velde resigned and departed, and Perret completed the building following his own plan in April 1913.
The sober geometric forms of the building, decorated with a long frieze by the sculptor
Antoine Bourdelle
Antoine Bourdelle (30 October 1861 – 1 October 1929), born Émile Antoine Bordelles, was an influential and prolific French sculptor and teacher. He was a student of Auguste Rodin, a teacher of Giacometti and Henri Matisse, and an important fi ...
, and its facade of concrete covered with marble plaques, was the complete opposite of the ornate
Palais Garnier
The Palais Garnier (, Garnier Palace), also known as Opéra Garnier (, Garnier Opera), is a 1,979-seatBeauvert 1996, p. 102. opera house at the Place de l'Opéra in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was built for the Paris Opera from ...
opera house, and caused a scandal. The lobby and the theater interior were equally revolutionary, open and austere, without the columns that blocked the view in many theaters. The decoration by Bourdelle and other artists was stylized and modern. The theater hosted the premieres of newest forms of music and dance the music of the period, ''
The Rite of Spring
''The Rite of Spring''. Full name: ''The Rite of Spring: Pictures from Pagan Russia in Two Parts'' (french: Le Sacre du printemps: tableaux de la Russie païenne en deux parties) (french: Le Sacre du printemps, link=no) is a ballet and orchestral ...
'' by
Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (6 April 1971) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor, later of French (from 1934) and American (from 1945) citizenship. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the ...
and the revolutionary ballets of the
Ballets Russes
The Ballets Russes () was an itinerant ballet company begun in Paris that performed between 1909 and 1929 throughout Europe and on tours to North and South America. The company never performed in Russia, where the Revolution disrupted society. A ...
.
"La Danse", bas-relief d'Antoine Bourdelle (Théâtre des Champs Elysées, Paris).jpg, Antoine Bourdelle
Antoine Bourdelle (30 October 1861 – 1 October 1929), born Émile Antoine Bordelles, was an influential and prolific French sculptor and teacher. He was a student of Auguste Rodin, a teacher of Giacometti and Henri Matisse, and an important fi ...
, ''La Danse'', facade of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
, Paris (1912)
File:Théâtre des Champs-Élysées DSC09330.jpg, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
, by Auguste Perret
Auguste Perret (12 February 1874 – 25 February 1954) was a French architect and a pioneer of the architectural use of reinforced concrete. His major works include the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, the first Art Deco building in Paris; the C ...
, 15 avenue Montaigne, Paris, (1910–13). Reinforced concrete gave architects the ability to create new forms and bigger spaces.
File:Paris - Théâtre des Champs-Elysées (27753699022).jpg, Decoration of the interior with ceiling mural and concrete tiers for seating, without pillars.
The International Exposition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts (1925)
The
held in Paris in 1925, was the largest and most important exhibition of art Deco, and later gave its name to the style. It had first been proposed in 1906, then scheduled for 1912 by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, particularly as a response to the popularity of the designs of the
German Werkbund
The Deutscher Werkbund (English: "German Association of Craftsmen"; ) is a German association of artists, architects, designers and industrialists established in 1907. The Werkbund became an important element in the development of modern arch ...
but then was postponed because of the War.
The Exposition was enormous, located between
Les Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
and the
Grand Palais
The Grand Palais des Champs-Élysées ( en, Great Palace of the Elysian Fields), commonly known as the Grand Palais (English: Great Palace), is a historic site, exhibition hall and museum complex located at the Champs-Élysées in the 8th arro ...
, on both sides of the Seine. Even the
Pont Alexandre III
The Pont Alexandre III is a deck arch bridge that spans the Seine in Paris. It connects the Champs-Élysées quarter with those of the Invalides and Eiffel Tower. The bridge is widely regarded as the most ornate, extravagant bridge in the city. ...
bridge over the Seine was covered with a row of exhibition halls. The chief architect was
Charles Plumet
Charles Plumet (17 May 1861 – 15 April 1928) was a French architect, decorator and ceramist.
Life
Charles Plumet was born in 1861. He became an architect and designed buildings in medieval and early French Renaissance styles.
He collaborated wi ...
. The Four Towers of the Crafts, by , marked the center of the Exposition, surrounded by national pavilions and especially pavilions of the major Paris designers and department stores, which had their own design departments, and produced their own furniture and decoration. The pavilions of the department stores were gathered around the esplanade of
Les Invalides
The Hôtel des Invalides ( en, "house of invalids"), commonly called Les Invalides (), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as ...
.
File:Poster Expo 1925.JPG, Poster for the 1925 Exposition, representing the fusion of art and industry
File:Paris-FR-75-Expo 1925 Arts décoratifs-vue esplanade des Invalides.jpg, The Grand Esplanade of the 1925 Exposition
File:Paris-FR-75-Expo 1925 Arts décoratifs-pavillon des Galeries Lafayette.jpg, Pavilion of the Galeries Lafayette
The Galeries Lafayette () is an upmarket French department store chain, the biggest in Europe. Its flagship store is on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris but it now operates in a number of other locations in France and othe ...
department store at the 1925 Exposition
File:Paris-FR-75-Expo 1925 Arts décoratifs-pavillon des Magasins du Louvre.jpg, Pavilion of the Magasins du Louvre department store
File:Paris-FR-75-Expo 1925 Arts décoratifs-pavillon du Printemps.jpg, Pavilion of the Printemps
Printemps (; meaning "spring (season), springtime" in French language, French) is a French department store chain (french: grand magasin, links=no, literally "big store"). The Printemps stores focus on beauty, lifestyle, fashion, accessories ...
Department Store (1925) by Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
and Georges Wybo
Eugène Adolphe Henri Georges Wybo (11 October 1880 – 18 January 1943) was a French architect who is known for the casino and the ''Hôtel Royal'' in Deauville, and for the department stores that he built for the ''Printemps'' chain.
Life
Geor ...
File:Hotel du Collectionneur , Exposition des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes (1925).jpg, The Hotel du Collectionneur, pavilion of the furniture manufacturer Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (28 August 1879 – 15 November 1933), (sometimes called Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann), was a French furniture designer and interior decorator, who was one of the most important figures in the Art Deco movement. His furn ...
, designed by Pierre Patout
Pierre Patout (1879-1965) was a French architect and interior designer, who was one of the major figures of the Art Deco movement, as well as a pioneer of Streamline Moderne design. His works included the design of the main entrance and the Pavi ...
.
Salon of the Hotel du Collectionneur (1925).jpg, Salon of the Hôtel du Collectionneur from the 1925 International Exposition of Decorative Arts, furnished by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (28 August 1879 – 15 November 1933), (sometimes called Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann), was a French furniture designer and interior decorator, who was one of the most important figures in the Art Deco movement. His furn ...
, painting by Jean Dupas
Jean Théodore Dupas (21 February 1882 – 6 September 1964) was a French painter, artist, designer, poster artist, and decorator in the Art Nouveau and Art Deco styles.
Life
Dupas was born in Bordeaux. He won the Prix de Rome for painting in ...
, design by Pierre Patout
Pierre Patout (1879-1965) was a French architect and interior designer, who was one of the major figures of the Art Deco movement, as well as a pioneer of Streamline Moderne design. His works included the design of the main entrance and the Pavi ...
Henri Sauvage and La Samaritaine (1926–1928)
The department store appeared in Paris at the end of the 19th century, and became a major feature of the early 20th century. The original
La Samaritaine
La Samaritaine (French pronunciation: a samaʁitɛn is a large department store in Paris, France, located in the first arrondissement. The nearest métro station is Pont-Neuf, directly in front at the quai du Louvre and the rue de la Monnaie ...
store was built in 1905 by architect
Frantz Jourdain
Frantz Jourdain (3 October 1847 – 22 August 1935) was a Belgian architect and author. He is best known for La Samaritaine, an Art Nouveau department store built in the 1st arrondissement of Paris in three stages between 1904 and 1928. He was re ...
in the
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...
style. In 1925 the store was enlarged with an Art Deco building facing the Seine, designed by
Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
. Sauvage was one of the major figures of Paris Art Deco; his other important works included the Studio Building and the Majorelle Building, built for the furniture designer
Louis Majorelle
Louis-Jean-Sylvestre Majorelle, usually known simply as Louis Majorelle, (26 September 1859 – 15 January 1926) was a French decorator and furniture designer who manufactured his own designs, in the French tradition of the ''ébéniste''. ...
, as well as the innovative apartment building at 26 rue Vavin (6th arr.) (1912–1914), which arranged its apartments in steps, each having its own terrace. (1906). This design was used by Sauvage and other architects in the period.
File:La samaritaine as seen from the Pont Neuf.jpg, Art Deco building of La Samaritaine
La Samaritaine (French pronunciation: a samaʁitɛn is a large department store in Paris, France, located in the first arrondissement. The nearest métro station is Pont-Neuf, directly in front at the quai du Louvre and the rue de la Monnaie ...
department store (1926–28)
File:Paris La Samaritaine 375.JPG, La Samaritaine, building 2 (1928)
File:37SamaritaineMagasin3.JPG, Building 3 of La Samaritaine (1930)
Churches
Several new churches were built in Paris between the wars, in styles that mixed Art Deco features, such as stylized towers, the use of reinforced concrete to create large open spaces, and decorative murals in a Deco style, frequently combined with features of
Byzantine architecture
Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire.
The Byzantine era is usually dated from 330 AD, when Constantine the Great moved the Roman capital to Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until th ...
, like that of the
Basilica of Sacré-Cœur, which was popular at the time. The
Église du Saint-Esprit, (1928–32), located at 186 Avenue Daumesnil in the 12th arrondissement, was designed by Paul Tournon. It has a modern exterior, made of reinforced concrete covered with red brick and modern bell tower 75 meters high, but the central feature is a huge dome, 22 meters in diameter. The design, like that of the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur, was inspired by Byzantine churches. The interior was decorated with murals by several notable artists, including
Maurice Denis
Maurice Denis (; 25 November 1870 – 13 November 1943) was a French painter, decorative artist, and writer. An important figure in the transitional period between impressionism and modern art, he is associated with '' Les Nabis'', symbolism, a ...
. . The Church of Sainte-Odile at 2 Avenue Stephane-Mallarmé (17th arrondissement), by
Jacques Barges (1935–39) has a single nave, three neo-Byzantine cupolas, and the highest bell tower in Paris.
File:P1020286 Paris XII Rue Cannebière Eglise du Saint-Esprit-rwk.JPG, Church of Saint-Esprit, 186 avenue Daumesnil (12th arr.) by Paul Tournon
Paul Tournon (b. 19 February 1881 - 22 December 1964) was a French architect. He was born in Marseille and died in Paris.
He was an architect in chief of many French civil buildings and national palaces, and a member of the Académie des Beaux ...
(1928–32), has a Deco exterior and massive reinforced concrete Byzantine dome.
File:Paris - Église du Saint-Esprit (29159544413).jpg, Art Deco murals in the interior of the Church of Saint-Esprit (1928–32)
File:P1120777 Paris XVII avenue Stéphane-Mallarmé rwk.JPG, The Eglise Sainte-Odile at 2 avenue Stephane-Mallarmé (17th) (1935–39) has the highest bell tower in Paris
File:Eglise Sainte-Odile @ Paris 17 (31134852683).jpg, Sculptural decoration and iron work of the Church of Saint-Odile
File:Sainte-Odile - vitrail.jpg, Deco stained glass of the Church of Sainte-Odile, Paris
Theaters and movie palaces
Palatial movie theaters in the Art Deco style appeared in Paris in the 1920s. The MK3 theater at 4 rue Belgrande (20th arr,) by
Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
(1920) preserves its decorative murals on the facade. Le Louxor, from 1921, in a sort of neo-ancient Egyptian style, by architect Henri Zipcy. The interior features colorful neo-Egyptian mosaics by Amédée Tiberi. It was restored in 2013, and is now an historic monument. The largest and most Deco theater still existing from the period is the
Grand Rex
Le Grand Rex is a Parisian cinema and concert venue.
Location and access
It is located at , boulevard Poissonnière in the 2nd arrondissement, on the grands boulevards.
Its facades and roofs, as well as its hall and its decor have been lis ...
cinema1 (boulevard Poissonière no. 1, 2nd arr.)) built in 1932 by the French architect Auguste Bluysen with the American engineer John Eberson. It is one of the largest theaters in Europe, seating 3100 persons. The theater interior was decorated by a prominent Deco designer,
Maurice Dufrêne. It seats 2100 persons. It has undergone a major renovation, and now is used for concerts and other events as well as films.
File:Folies Bergere after renovatation of facade 2013.jpg, Folies Bergère
The Folies Bergère () is a cabaret music hall, located in Paris, France. Located at 32 Rue Richer in the 9th Arrondissement, the Folies Bergère was built as an opera house by the architect Plumeret. It opened on 2 May 1869 as the Folies Trév ...
(1926) after renovation to original appearance
File:MK2 Gambetta.JPG, The MK2 Movie Theater at 4 rue Belgrande by Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
(1920)
File:Louxor - Movie theater - 2008.jpg, Le Louxor movie theater at 150 Boulevard de Magenta
The boulevard de Magenta is located in the Ninth and Tenth arrondissements of Paris, France.
It begins at place de la République and 1, rue Beaurepaire, and ends at 1, boulevard de Rochechouart and 53, boulevard de la Chapelle.
Etymology
...
by Henri Zipcy (1921)
File:Le louxor-Paris 1.JPG, Mosaics with Egyptian motifs in Le Louxor movie theater (1921)
Apartment buildings and residences
Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
was one of the most inventive of designers of apartment buildings. He was particularly adept at covering the reinforced concrete facades with ceramic tile. In 1911 he built the Majorelle Building for the furniture designer
Louis Majorelle
Louis-Jean-Sylvestre Majorelle, usually known simply as Louis Majorelle, (26 September 1859 – 15 January 1926) was a French decorator and furniture designer who manufactured his own designs, in the French tradition of the ''ébéniste''. ...
, with a reinforced concrete facade covered with ceramics, giving it a sleek, modern appearance. He introduced the stepped building to Paris, an apartment building where each apartment was set back from the one below, in order that each would have its own terrace.
The Studio Building (65 rue La Fontaine, 16th arr.) (1926–28) was built as a group of duplexes as a residence for artists. The facade was entirely covered with glistening ceramic tiles.
File:Majorelle Building by Henri Sauvage.jpg, The Majorelle building by Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
at 126 rue de Provence (8th arrondissement), built for Louis Majorelle
Louis-Jean-Sylvestre Majorelle, usually known simply as Louis Majorelle, (26 September 1859 – 15 January 1926) was a French decorator and furniture designer who manufactured his own designs, in the French tradition of the ''ébéniste''. ...
(1911)
File:02Sauvage26rueVavin.JPG, Apartment building in steps by Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
, 26 rue Vavin (8th arr.) (1912–1914)
File:Paris 16 - Studio Building - 65 rue Jean de La Fontaine -1.JPG, The Studio Building at 65 rue La Fontaine by Henri Sauvage
Henri Sauvage (May 10, 1873 in Rouen – March 21, 1932 in Paris) was a French architect and designer in the early 20th century. He was one of the most important architects in the French Art nouveau movement, Art Deco, and the beginning of ar ...
(1926–28)
File:Atelier Perret Boulogne Billancourt.jpg, Residence and studio of architect Auguste Perret
Auguste Perret (12 February 1874 – 25 February 1954) was a French architect and a pioneer of the architectural use of reinforced concrete. His major works include the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, the first Art Deco building in Paris; the C ...
in Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine, ) is a wealthy and prestigious Communes of France, commune in the Parisian area, located from its Kilometre zero, centre. It is a Subprefectures in ...
(1929)
The ''Pacquebot'' style
The Pacquebot, or Ocean Liner style, was inspired by the form of French Transatlantic ocean liners, such as the . The most famous example is an apartment building at 3 boulevard Victor (15th arrondissement), built in (1934–1935) by
Pierre Patout
Pierre Patout (1879-1965) was a French architect and interior designer, who was one of the major figures of the Art Deco movement, as well as a pioneer of Streamline Moderne design. His works included the design of the main entrance and the Pavi ...
, in the same period that he created the interior decor for the ''Normandie''. The building was constructed on an unusually-shaped lot, which narrowed from twelve meters wide to just three meters at the "bow" of the building. Patout had his own apartment, on three floors, in this part of the building.
Pierre Patout's own house and studio, built earlier in 1927–28 at 2 Rue Gambetta in the Paris suburb of
Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine, ) is a wealthy and prestigious Communes of France, commune in the Parisian area, located from its Kilometre zero, centre. It is a Subprefectures in ...
, also showed elements of ''Pacqueboat'', including the railing around the top "deck" or terrace. He also contributed to the reconstruction of the
Galeries Lafayette
The Galeries Lafayette () is an upmarket French department store chain, the biggest in Europe. Its flagship store is on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris but it now operates in a number of other locations in France and othe ...
department store in 1932–1936.
File:Boulogne-Billancourt - 2 rue Gambetta - Patout.JPG, Residence and studio of Pierre Patout
Pierre Patout (1879-1965) was a French architect and interior designer, who was one of the major figures of the Art Deco movement, as well as a pioneer of Streamline Moderne design. His works included the design of the main entrance and the Pavi ...
in Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine, ) is a wealthy and prestigious Communes of France, commune in the Parisian area, located from its Kilometre zero, centre. It is a Subprefectures in ...
(1927–28)
File:SS Normandie (ship, 1935) interior.jpg, Dining room of the designed by Pierre Patout
Pierre Patout (1879-1965) was a French architect and interior designer, who was one of the major figures of the Art Deco movement, as well as a pioneer of Streamline Moderne design. His works included the design of the main entrance and the Pavi ...
(1934–35)
File:Immeuble de Pierre Patout Bd Victor Paris XV.jpg, Apartment building by Pierre Patout
Pierre Patout (1879-1965) was a French architect and interior designer, who was one of the major figures of the Art Deco movement, as well as a pioneer of Streamline Moderne design. His works included the design of the main entrance and the Pavi ...
in the ''Pacquebot'' or ocean liner style, 3 boulevard Victor (15th arrondissement), (1934–35)
Swimming pools
The most famous Art Deco swimming pool in Paris is the
Piscine Molitor
''Piscine Molitor'' (; also known as the ''Piscines Auteuil-Molitor'' or the ''Grands établissements balnéaires d'Auteuil'') is a swimming pool and hotel complex located in Porte Molitor, 16th arrondissement of Paris, Île-de-France, Paris, ...
, next to the ''
Bois de Boulogne
The Bois de Boulogne (, "Boulogne woodland") is a large public park located along the western edge of the 16th arrondissement of Paris, near the suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt and Neuilly-sur-Seine. The land was ceded to the city of Paris by t ...
'' park, and between ''
Stade Roland Garros
Stade Roland Garros (; "Roland Garros Stadium") is a complex of tennis courts, including stadiums, located in Paris that hosts the French Open. That tournament, also known as ''Roland Garros'', is a Grand Slam (tennis), Grand Slam tennis champio ...
'' and ''
Parc des Princes
Parc des Princes () is an all-seater stadium, all-seater Association football, football stadium in Paris, France, in the south-west of the French capital, inside the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th arrondissement, near the Stade Jean-Bouin ...
''. The complex designed by architect Lucien Pollet to resemble the deck of ocean liner, with three levels of "cabins" around the outdoor pool. It was completed in 1929 and inaugurated by Olympic swimmers including
Aileen Riggin
Aileen Muriel Riggin (May 2, 1906 – October 17, 2002), also known by her married name Aileen Soule (also Aileen Riggin Soule), was an American competition swimmer and diver. She was Olympic champion in springboard diving in 1920 and U.S. nati ...
and
Johnny Weissmuller
Johnny Weissmuller (born Johann Peter Weißmüller; June 2, 1904 – January 20, 1984) was an American Olympic swimmer, water polo player and actor. He was known for having one of the best competitive swimming records of the 20th century. H ...
. It was also the site for the first unveiling of the French
bikini
A bikini is a two-piece swimsuit primarily worn by women that features two triangles of fabric on top that cover the breasts, and two triangles of fabric on the bottom: the front covering the pelvis but exposing the navel, and the back coveri ...
swimsuit by designer
Louis Réard
Louis Réard (; 10 October 1896 – 16 September 1984) was a French automobile engineer and clothing designer who introduced the modern two-piece bikini in July 1946. He opened a bikini shop and ran it for the next 40 years.
Launching the bikini ...
in July 1946. In the winter it was transformed into an ice skiing rink. Besides its nautical architecture, it features Art Deco stained glass by
Louis Barillet
Louis Barillet (1880 – 1948) was a French artist, known for his work in stained glass. Among those with whom he collaborated were Théodore-Gérard Hanssen and Jacques Le Chevallier. His windows may be seen in the church of Notre-Dame-des-Miss ...
. The complex fell into disrepair and was closed in 1989 with the intention of building a housing project on the site. After years of disuse, dispute and vandalism, it was declared an historical site and underwent major renovation. It reopened in 2013, following the original style, as part of a larger commercial and hotel complex.
File:Piscine Molitor, Paris, France.jpg, The Piscine Molitor
''Piscine Molitor'' (; also known as the ''Piscines Auteuil-Molitor'' or the ''Grands établissements balnéaires d'Auteuil'') is a swimming pool and hotel complex located in Porte Molitor, 16th arrondissement of Paris, Île-de-France, Paris, ...
(1929) after its closure in 1989 and before the 2015 renovation
File:Paris, piscine Molitor, 1 November 2015 004.jpg, Deco stained glass at the Piscine Molitor by Louis Barillet
Louis Barillet (1880 – 1948) was a French artist, known for his work in stained glass. Among those with whom he collaborated were Théodore-Gérard Hanssen and Jacques Le Chevallier. His windows may be seen in the church of Notre-Dame-des-Miss ...
(1929)
File:Summer pool at the Molitor in Paris 02.jpg, The renovated outdoor pool of the Piscine Molitor
''Piscine Molitor'' (; also known as the ''Piscines Auteuil-Molitor'' or the ''Grands établissements balnéaires d'Auteuil'') is a swimming pool and hotel complex located in Porte Molitor, 16th arrondissement of Paris, Île-de-France, Paris, ...
Late Art Deco (1930–1939)
The global economic depression that began in 1929 soon had an impact on architecture and decoration in Paris. Buildings became less ornate, less extravagant, more streamlined, with a return to some elements of classicism and tradition, such as neoclassical colonnades. It was a period of strikes, turmoil and confrontation.
Deco vs. Modernism
In 1929, the Art Deco movement in France was split into two currents by the breakaway of the Union des Artistes Moderne (UAM) from the more traditional Société des Artistes Decorateurs This new group proposed more functional architecture, furniture and decoration, mass production, simpler materials and no decoration at all. The members included René Herbst, Jacques Le Chevalier, and
Robert Mallet-Stevens
Robert Mallet-Stevens (March 24, 1886 – February 8, 1945) was an influential French architect and designer.
Early life
Mallet-Stevens was born in Paris in a house called Maison-Laffitte (designed by François Mansart in the 17th century). H ...
, its first president. The movement was soon joined by other architects and designers, including
Le Corbusier
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 188727 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier ( , , ), was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. He was ...
the silversmith
Jean Puiforcat
Jean Elysée Puiforcat (pronounced ''pwee-for-KAH'') (5 August 1897 – 20 October 1945) was a French silversmith, sculptor and designer. ''Miller's Antiques Encyclopedia'' calls Puiforcat the "most important French Art Deco silversmith."
Life ...
,
Pierre Chareau
Pierre Chareau (4 August 1883 – 24 August 1950) was a French architect and designer.
Early life
Chareau was born in Bordeaux, France. He went to the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris by the time he was 17.
Work
Chareau d ...
, and
Eileen Gray
Eileen Gray (born Kathleen Eileen Moray Smith; 9 August 187831 October 1976) was an Irish architect and furniture designer who became a pioneer of the Modern architecture, Modern Movement in architecture. Over her career, she was associated w ...
. The Paris houses built by Mallet-Stevens on what is now Rue Mallet-Stevens (XIVth arrondissement) (1927–29) and his very spare steel furniture, illustrate the aesthetics of the movement. The residence oThis, along the "Glass House" of
Pierre Chareau
Pierre Chareau (4 August 1883 – 24 August 1950) was a French architect and designer.
Early life
Chareau was born in Bordeaux, France. He went to the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris by the time he was 17.
Work
Chareau d ...
(1928–31) was the beginning of movement of
Modern architecture
Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural movement or architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form ...
in Paris
File:Villa des frères Martel construite par Robert Mallet-Stevens au 10 rue Mallet-Stevens (Paris), en 1927.jpg, Villa Martel by Robert Mallet-Stevens
Robert Mallet-Stevens (March 24, 1886 – February 8, 1945) was an influential French architect and designer.
Early life
Mallet-Stevens was born in Paris in a house called Maison-Laffitte (designed by François Mansart in the 17th century). H ...
on Rue Mallet-Stevens (1929)
File:Maison de verre Chareau.jpg, The Glass House by Pierre Chareau
Pierre Chareau (4 August 1883 – 24 August 1950) was a French architect and designer.
Early life
Chareau was born in Bordeaux, France. He went to the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris by the time he was 17.
Work
Chareau d ...
31, rue Saint-Guillaume VIIe arrondissement, (1928–31)
File:Chaise Mallet Stevens 1929-1931.jpg, Chair by Robert Mallet-Stevens
Robert Mallet-Stevens (March 24, 1886 – February 8, 1945) was an influential French architect and designer.
Early life
Mallet-Stevens was born in Paris in a house called Maison-Laffitte (designed by François Mansart in the 17th century). H ...
(1929–31)
File:Eileen-gray-e1027-table.jpg, E-1027 table by Eileen Gray
Eileen Gray (born Kathleen Eileen Moray Smith; 9 August 187831 October 1976) was an Irish architect and furniture designer who became a pioneer of the Modern architecture, Modern Movement in architecture. Over her career, she was associated w ...
The 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition
The
Paris Colonial Exposition
The Paris Colonial Exhibition (or "''Exposition coloniale internationale''", International Colonial Exhibition) was a six-month colonial exhibition held in Paris, France, in 1931 that attempted to display the diverse cultures and immense resour ...
, held for six months in 1931 in the
Bois de Vincennes
The Bois de Vincennes (), located on the eastern edge of Paris, is the largest public park in the city. It was created between 1855 and 1866 by Emperor Napoleon III.
The park is next to the Château de Vincennes, a former residence of the King ...
, was designed as a showcase of France's overseas colonies, their products and their culture, and was also a showcase of Art Deco. The Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Japan, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States all had pavilions. It was particularly celebrated for its extensive use of flood lights and colorful illumination, a novelty at the time, used to great effect in the "Cactus" fountain the centerpiece of the Exposition. The principal Art Deco legacy of the Exposition is the
Palais de la Porte Dorée
The Palais de la Porte Dorée is an exhibit hall located on the edge of the Bois de Vincennes at 293, avenue Daumesnil, 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. It now houses the Musée de l'Histoire de l'Immigration, as well as a tropical aquarium ...
, now the
Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration The Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration is a museum of immigration history located in the 12th arrondissement of Paris at 293, avenue Daumesnil. The nearest métro station is Porte Dorée. It is open Tuesday through Friday from 10 a.m. t ...
, which was constructed from 1928 to 1931 by the architects
Albert Laprade
Albert Laprade (29 November 1883 – 9 May 1978) was a French architect, perhaps best known for the Palais de la Porte Dorée.
During a long career he undertook many urban renewal projects as well as major industrial and commercial works.
A ski ...
,
Léon Bazin
Léon-Emile Bazin (1900-1976) was a French architect.
Life
Léon-Emile Bazin was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1900.
In 1915 he joined the firm of Henri Prost, where he met Albert Laprade and Joseph Marrast.
In 1923 he enrolled in the Éco ...
and
Léon Jaussely
Léon Jaussely (9 January 1875 – 28 December 1932) was a French architect and urban planner.
Born in Toulouse, Jaussely studied at the local fine arts school, then to the École des Beaux-Arts in the ateliers of Honoré Daumet and Pierre Esqui ...
. The facade has large
bas-relief
Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces are bonded to a solid background of the same material. The term ''relief'' is from the Latin verb ''relevo'', to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that the ...
s (by sculptor
Alfred Janniot
Alfred Auguste Janniot (13 June 1889 – 18 July 1969) was a French Art Deco sculptor most active in the 1930s.
Biography
Janniot was educated at the École des Beaux-Arts, a pupil of Jean Antoine Injalbert, and was the winner of the 1919 Pr ...
portraying ships, oceans, and the wildlife of Africa. The original ethnographic exhibits were transferred to the
Musée du quai Branly in 2003, and it now houses the
Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration The Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration is a museum of immigration history located in the 12th arrondissement of Paris at 293, avenue Daumesnil. The nearest métro station is Porte Dorée. It is open Tuesday through Friday from 10 a.m. t ...
, a museum of immigration and a major aquarium.
The Palais de la Porte Dorée has housed a succession of
ethnological
Ethnology (from the grc-gre, ἔθνος, meaning 'nation') is an academic field that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology). ...
museums, starting with the colonial exhibition of 1931, which was renamed in 1935 the Musée de la France d’Outre-mer, then in 1960 the Musée des Arts africains et océaniens, and finally in 1990 the
Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie The Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie (National Museum of Arts of Africa and Oceania) was a museum formerly located in the Palais de la Porte Dorée on the edge of the Bois de Vincennes at 293, avenue Daumesnil in the 12th arrondissem ...
. In 2003 these collections were merged into the
Musée du quai Branly, and in its place the building now houses the
Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration The Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration is a museum of immigration history located in the 12th arrondissement of Paris at 293, avenue Daumesnil. The nearest métro station is Porte Dorée. It is open Tuesday through Friday from 10 a.m. t ...
.
File:Expo 1931 Cactus.jpg, The illuminated ''Cactus'' fountain
File:Expo 1931 Info nuit.jpg, The Colonial Exposition at night
File:Le salon du Maréchal Lyautey (CNHI) (3678835591).jpg, Salon with murals in the Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration The Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration is a museum of immigration history located in the 12th arrondissement of Paris at 293, avenue Daumesnil. The nearest métro station is Porte Dorée. It is open Tuesday through Friday from 10 a.m. t ...
,
The 1937 Paris International Exposition
The major design event of the period in Paris was the
, overlooking the Eiffel Tower. It was the seventh and last international exposition of its kind to be held in Paris. Fifty countries participated, including Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, whose pavilions faced each other. Some modernist architecture was on display, including the Spanish pavilion by
Josep Lluís Sert
Josep Lluís Sert i López (; 1 July 190215 March 1983) was a Spanish architect and city planner.
Biography
Born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Sert showed keen interest in the works of his uncle, the painter Josep Maria Sert, and of Gaudí. He s ...
, where Picasso's painting ''
Guernica
Guernica (, ), official name (reflecting the Basque language) Gernika (), is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. The town of Guernica is one part (along with neighbouring Lumo) of the mu ...
'' was presented; the Pavilion of Light and Electricity, by
Robert Mallet-Stevens
Robert Mallet-Stevens (March 24, 1886 – February 8, 1945) was an influential French architect and designer.
Early life
Mallet-Stevens was born in Paris in a house called Maison-Laffitte (designed by François Mansart in the 17th century). H ...
, and the pavilion of Finland, with wood-covered walls, by
Alvar Aalto
Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (; 3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer. His work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and glassware, as well as sculptures and paintings. He never regarded himself as an artist, see ...
.
Le Corbusier
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 188727 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier ( , , ), was a Swiss-French architect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture. He was ...
had a small pavilion of his own, made of canvas, at the edge of the Exposition.
The
Palais de Chaillot
The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th ''arrondissement'' of Paris, France.
For the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) ...
, by
Jacques Carlu
Jacques Carlu (7 April 1890 Bonnières-sur-Seine – 3 December 1976 Paris) was a French architect and designer, working mostly in Art Deco style, active in France, Canada, and in the United States.
Biography
Through the 1910s Carlu studied on ...
, Louis Hippolyte Boileau and
Léon Azéma
Léon Azéma (20 January 1888 – 1 March 1978) was a French architect. He is responsible for many public works in France, especially in and around Paris. His most famous work is 1937 Palais de Chaillot, facing the Eiffel Tower in Paris.
Early ...
, combined elements of classicism and modernism, as did the nearby
Palais de Tokio (now the Paris Museum of Modern Art}, by André Aubert, Paul Viard, and Marcel Dastugue.The large gallery and the reception rooms of the Paris municipal council in the
Palais de Chaillot
The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th ''arrondissement'' of Paris, France.
For the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) ...
were decorated with a monumental lacquered decoration of more than 120 panels produced by
Gaston Suisse. This set presente
"art and technique" in France in 1937
A third building of major importance was the Museum of Public Works (now the Economic Council, by
Auguste Perret
Auguste Perret (12 February 1874 – 25 February 1954) was a French architect and a pioneer of the architectural use of reinforced concrete. His major works include the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, the first Art Deco building in Paris; the C ...
. They all had the major characteristics of this period of Art Deco architecture; smooth concrete walls covered with stone plaques, sculpture on the facade, and murals on the interior walls.
File:Paris 75016 Fontaines du Trocadéro 20090815.jpg, The Palais de Chaillot
The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th ''arrondissement'' of Paris, France.
For the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) ...
(1937)
File:File by Alexander Baranov - Нетипичная парижская архитектура (9522783370).jpg, The Palais de Tokyo
The Palais de Tokyo (''Tokyo Palace'') is a building dedicated to modern and contemporary art, located at 13 avenue du Président-Wilson, facing the Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. The eastern wing of the building belongs to ...
by André Aubert, Paul Viard, and Marcel Dastugue (1937)
File:L'exposition Auguste Perret (Conseil économique, social et environnemental, Paris) (11872278295).jpg, Stairway of the Economic, Social and Environmental Council, by Auguste Perret (with his portrait over the stairs) (1937)
File:Normandieet aviateurs.jpg, Gaston Suisse Normandie and aviation detail of the monumental lacquered decoration in the Palais de Chaillot
Furniture and decoration
Color and exoticism (the 1920s)
Art Deco Furniture and decoration in Paris before 1914 featured bold colors and geometric floral designs, borrowed from diverse sources ranging from the
Ballets Russes
The Ballets Russes () was an itinerant ballet company begun in Paris that performed between 1909 and 1929 throughout Europe and on tours to North and South America. The company never performed in Russia, where the Revolution disrupted society. A ...
to
cubism
Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassemble ...
and
Fauvism
Fauvism /ˈfoʊvɪzm̩/ is the style of ''les Fauves'' (French language, French for "the wild beasts"), a group of early 20th-century modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the Representation (arts), repr ...
. The First World War put an end to the more lavish style, and stopped almost all construction and decoration. As soon as the war was over, two prominent artists,
Louis Süe
Louis Süe (14 July 1875 – 7 August 1968) was a French painter, architect, designer and decorator. He and André Mare co-founded the ''Compagnie des arts français'', which produced Art Deco furniture and interior decorations for wealthy customer ...
and
André Mare
Charles André Mare (1885–1932), or André-Charles Mare, was a French painter and textile designer, and co-founder of the Company of French Art (''la Compagnie des Arts Français'') in 1919. He was a designer of colorful textiles, and was one o ...
, founded the Compagnie des Arts français, a collaborative venture of decorative artists, with Süe as artistic director and Mare as technical director. Their purpose was the renewal of French decorative arts. Other members included
André Vera
André Vera (1881–1971) was a French garden designer, town planner and pioneer of the Art Deco style. He is known for his collaboration with his brother, the painter and decorator Paul Vera. He wanted to renew French design, which he felt had be ...
and his brother
Paul Vera
Paul Vera (1882–1957) was a French painter, designer and pioneer of the Art Deco style. He is known for his collaboration on garden designs with his brother André Vera.
Life
Paul Vera was born in Paris in 1882.
His father was Gustave Lėon Ver ...
, and
Charles Dufresne
Georges-Charles Dufresne (23 November 1876, Millemont - 8 August 1938, La Seyne-sur-Mer) was a French painter, engraver, sculptor and decorator.
Biography
He came from a family of sailors and fishermen that originated in Granville. He lef ...
. They opened a gallery in 1920 on rue de Faubourg-Saint-Honoré which displayed furniture, lamps, glassware, textiles and other new products, including many designed to be produced in series. Later the group was joined by artists in more modernist styles, including
Francis Jourdain
Francis Jourdain (2 November 1876 – 31 December 1958) was a painter, furniture maker, interior designer, maker of ceramics, and other decorative arts, and a left-wing political activist.
Early years
Francis Jourdain was born on 2 November 18 ...
and
Charlotte Perriand
Charlotte Perriand (24 October 1903 – 27 October 1999) was a French architect and designer. Her work aimed to create functional living spaces in the belief that better design helps in creating a better society. In her article "L'Art de Vivre" f ...
. The Compagnie was a major promoter in the advance of Parisian Art Deco.
Designers in this period used the most exotic and expensive materials they could find. The painter and decorator
Paul Iribe
Paul Iribe (8 June 1883 – 21 September 1935) was a French illustrator and designer in the decorative arts. He worked in Hollywood during the 1920s and was Coco Chanel's lover from 1931 to his death.
Early life and career
Joseph Paul Iribe was b ...
made a delicate commode in 1912 of mahogany black marble, and sharkskin. In about 1925
André Groult
André Groult (27 August 1884 – 1966) was a French decorator and furniture designer., and one of the most prominent figures of the Art Deco style. His work featured curving and organic shapes, and extremely rich materials. His work has been de ...
made a small cabinet in an organic shape, entirely covered with white sharkskin. He decorated the first-class cabins on the ocean liner .
The furniture designed by Louis Süe and Andre Mare of Compagnie des Arts Francais was finely crafted and lavish. The buffet pictured in the gallery below (1920–1921), now in the
Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, is made of Mahogany, gilded bronze, and marble.
Another major figure in Paris interior decoration in the 1920s was
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (28 August 1879 – 15 November 1933), (sometimes called Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann), was a French furniture designer and interior decorator, who was one of the most important figures in the Art Deco movement. His furn ...
. He had his own pavilion at the 1925 Exposition. His furniture was noted for its use of rare and expensive woods and other materials, such as ivory. The simple-looking "Duval" cabinet, pictured below, designed in 1924 and probably made in 1926, is made of Brazilian rosewood, ivory, amboyna burl, mahogany, oak, and little plywood. The "Tibittant" desk by Ruhlmann illustrated below, made in 1923, is a fall-leaf desk with a core of plywood covered with oak, poplar, mahogany, and Macassar ebony veneers inside and out. It has ivory inlays, feet, and knobs, silk tassels, a leather interior writing surface, and aluminum leaf and silver gilding. It is now in the
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
.
File:Display at Salon D'Automne (1913).jpg, Display at Salon d'Autumne (1913)
File:Paul Iribe, cassettiera, parigi 1919 ca..jpg, Commode of mahogany, black marble and sharkskin by Paul Iribe
Paul Iribe (8 June 1883 – 21 September 1935) was a French illustrator and designer in the decorative arts. He worked in Hollywood during the 1920s and was Coco Chanel's lover from 1931 to his death.
Early life and career
Joseph Paul Iribe was b ...
(about 1919)
File:André mare per compaignie des arts français, paravento les faune, parigi, 1920 ca..JPG, Paravent ''Les Faunes'' (c. 1920), by the Compagnie des Arts Francais, Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris
File:Le salon de verre, designed by Paul Ruaud, furniture by Eileen Gray, for Madame Mathieu-Levy (boutique J. Suzanne Talbot), Paris, 1922.jpg, The Glass Salon, designed by Paul Ruaud, furniture by Eileen Gray
Eileen Gray (born Kathleen Eileen Moray Smith; 9 August 187831 October 1976) was an Irish architect and furniture designer who became a pioneer of the Modern architecture, Modern Movement in architecture. Over her career, she was associated w ...
(1922)
File:André Groult, cassettone antropomorphe, parigi, 1925 ca..JPG, Small cabinet covered with sharkskin, by André Groult
André Groult (27 August 1884 – 1966) was a French decorator and furniture designer., and one of the most prominent figures of the Art Deco style. His work featured curving and organic shapes, and extremely rich materials. His work has been de ...
(about 1925)
File:Buffet by Compagnie des Arts Francais (1920-21).jpg, Buffet by the Compagnie des Arts Francais (1920–21)
File:Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann (French, 1879-1933). Corner Cabinet, ca. 1923..jpg, Corner cabinet by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (28 August 1879 – 15 November 1933), (sometimes called Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann), was a French furniture designer and interior decorator, who was one of the most important figures in the Art Deco movement. His furn ...
(about 1923), Brooklyn Museum
The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 1.5 million objects. Located near the Prospect Heights, Crown H ...
File:Tibittant desk - Èmile-Jacques Ruhlmann (39536867932).jpg, Tibbitant desk by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (28 August 1879 – 15 November 1933), (sometimes called Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann), was a French furniture designer and interior decorator, who was one of the most important figures in the Art Deco movement. His furn ...
(1923) (Metropolitan Museum)
File:“Duval” Cabinet (Model AR 1511 - NR 2300) MET DP297199.jpg, "Duval" cabinet by Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann
Émile-Jacques Ruhlmann (28 August 1879 – 15 November 1933), (sometimes called Jacques-Émile Ruhlmann), was a French furniture designer and interior decorator, who was one of the most important figures in the Art Deco movement. His furn ...
(designed 1924, probably made 1926), Metropolitan Museum
File:The boudoir of fashion designer Jeanne Lanvin, now in the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris.png, Boudoir of apartment of Jeanne Lanvin
Jeanne-Marie Lanvin (; 1 January 1867 – 6 July 1946) was a French haute couture fashion designer. She founded the Lanvin fashion house and the beauty and perfume company Lanvin Parfums.
Early life
Jeanne Lanvin was born in Paris on 1 Januar ...
by Armand-Albert Rateau (c. 1925), Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris
File:Ufficio biblioteca di Pierre Chareau.jpg, Office designed by Pierre Chareau
Pierre Chareau (4 August 1883 – 24 August 1950) was a French architect and designer.
Early life
Chareau was born in Bordeaux, France. He went to the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris by the time he was 17.
Work
Chareau d ...
(about 1925), Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris
Functional furniture - the 1930s
The 1930s, under the influence of
Constructivism
Constructivism may refer to:
Art and architecture
* Constructivism (art), an early 20th-century artistic movement that extols art as a practice for social purposes
* Constructivist architecture, an architectural movement in Russia in the 1920s a ...
and other more modernist styles, furniture and excoriation became more geometric and functional. Examples were the work of
Pierre Chareau
Pierre Chareau (4 August 1883 – 24 August 1950) was a French architect and designer.
Early life
Chareau was born in Bordeaux, France. He went to the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris by the time he was 17.
Work
Chareau d ...
and
Jules Leleu Jules Leleu (June 17, 1883 – 1961), was a French furniture designer.
Career
Born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Leleu studied decorative painting and at the age of 26 succeeded his father in the family painting business. With his brother he began ...
. The style broke into two parts, one devoted to more traditional forms, fine craftsmanship and luxurious materials, the other to more austere forms and experiments with new materials, such as aluminum and steel.
File:"La Maison Leleu" au Musée des Années 30 (Boulogne-Billancourt) (2132078468).jpg, Furniture by Jules Leleu Jules Leleu (June 17, 1883 – 1961), was a French furniture designer.
Career
Born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, Leleu studied decorative painting and at the age of 26 succeeded his father in the family painting business. With his brother he began ...
(Musée des Années 30 in Boulogne-Billancourt)
File:La maison de Joseph Bernard (musée des années 30, Boulogne-Billancourt) (5317272729).jpg, Salon by Emile-Jacques Ruhlmann for sculptor Joseph Bernard
Joseph Bernard (1866, Vienne, Isère – 1931) was a modern classical French sculptor, featured on the frontispiece of Elie Faure's 1927 survey of modern art, "Spirit of Forms". Bernard was trained at the École des Beaux-Arts in the atelier o ...
(c. 1930)
File:René herbst, coiffeuse e sedia della principessa aga khan, 1932.JPG, Dressing table by René Herbst
René Herbst (March 18 , 1891 – September 29 , 1982, in Paris) was a French furniture designer
This is a list of notable people whose primary occupation is furniture design.
A
* Alvar Aalto (1898-1976)
* Eero Aarnio (born 1932)
* Robert ...
for the Princess Aga Khan
Aga Khan ( fa, آقاخان, ar, آغا خان; also transliterated as ''Aqa Khan'' and ''Agha Khan'') is a title held by the Imām of the Nizari Ismāʿīli Shias. Since 1957, the holder of the title has been the 49th Imām, Prince Shah Karim ...
(1932), (Musée des Arts Décoratifs)
Screens
Screens were an important part of Art Deco design, allowing rooms to be easily divided, opened up, or given a different look. They were usually combined with carpets in a similar style. Most screens were painted on fabric or wood. A highly unusual Art Deco screen is ''Oasis'', made of iron and copper by engineer and metal worker
Edgar Brandt
Edgar William Brandt (24 December 1880 – 8 May 1960) was a French ironworker and prolific weapons designer. In 1901 he set up a small workshop at 76 rue Michel-Ange in the 16th arrondissement in Paris, where he began designing, silversmithing, ...
for display at the 1925 Paris Exposition of Decorative Arts.
Another influential screen maker was
Jean Dunand
Jean Dunand (1877–1942) was a Swiss and French painter, sculptor, metal craftsman and interior designer during the Art Deco period. He was particularly known for his lacquered screens and other art objects.
Biography
Jules-John Dunand was bor ...
, who mastered the ancient art of Japanese
lacquer
Lacquer is a type of hard and usually shiny coating or finish applied to materials such as wood or metal. It is most often made from resin extracted from trees and waxes and has been in use since antiquity.
Asian lacquerware, which may be ca ...
painting, and also worked with copper and other unusual materials. His screen ''Fortissimo'', now in the
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
is made of lacquered wood, eggshell, mother-of-pearl, and gold leaf.
File:Armand-Albert Rateau Folding screen 1921-1922 Musée des Arts Décoratifs Paris.jpg, Screen by Armand-Albert Rateau (1921–22), (Musée des Arts Décoratifs Paris)
File:Art Deco screen "Oasis" 1925.jpg, Art Deco screen ''Oasis'', msde of copper and steel, by Edgar Brandt
Edgar William Brandt (24 December 1880 – 8 May 1960) was a French ironworker and prolific weapons designer. In 1901 he set up a small workshop at 76 rue Michel-Ange in the 16th arrondissement in Paris, where he began designing, silversmithing, ...
(1925)
File:"Fortissimo" MET DP292823.jpg, ''Fortissimo'', a screen by Jean Dunand
Jean Dunand (1877–1942) was a Swiss and French painter, sculptor, metal craftsman and interior designer during the Art Deco period. He was particularly known for his lacquered screens and other art objects.
Biography
Jules-John Dunand was bor ...
(1924–26), of lacquered wood, eggshell, mother-of-pear, and gold leaf. (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
File:Gaston Suisse Paravent building.jpg, Screen by Gaston Suisse, Black Chinese lacquer and graphite inlays. Abstract geometric decor in silver lacquer.circa1925,,Exposition: 1925, Quand L'art Déco séduit le monde.Cité de l'architecture, Palais de Chaillot, Paris
Silverware
Jean Puiforcat
Jean Elysée Puiforcat (pronounced ''pwee-for-KAH'') (5 August 1897 – 20 October 1945) was a French silversmith, sculptor and designer. ''Miller's Antiques Encyclopedia'' calls Puiforcat the "most important French Art Deco silversmith."
Life ...
(1897–1945) was the major figure in Paris Art Deco silverware. The son of a silversmith, he was also a sculptor. He had his first success in 1923 at the Salon des Decorateurs in Paris, where he combined silver with
lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli (; ), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.
As early as the 7th millennium BC, lapis lazuli was mined in the Sar-i Sang mines, ...
. He made only individual items, not series, and often combined them with semi-precious stones. A major collection of his work and silverware he collected was donated to the Louvre by
Stavros Niarchos
Stavros Spyrou Niarchos ( el, Σταύρος Σπύρου Νιάρχος, ; 3 July 1909 – 15 April 1996) was a Greek billionaire shipping tycoon. Starting in 1952, he had the world's biggest supertankers built for his fleet. Propelled by both ...
.
File:Teapot MET 25.230.1.jpg, Teapot of silver and lapis lazuli by Jean Puiforcat
Jean Elysée Puiforcat (pronounced ''pwee-for-KAH'') (5 August 1897 – 20 October 1945) was a French silversmith, sculptor and designer. ''Miller's Antiques Encyclopedia'' calls Puiforcat the "most important French Art Deco silversmith."
Life ...
(1922) (Metropolitan Museum
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
)
File:Teapot MET DP281162a.jpg, Tea service of silver, lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli (; ), or lapis for short, is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.
As early as the 7th millennium BC, lapis lazuli was mined in the Sar-i Sang mines, ...
and ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally from elephants) and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks. The chemical structure of the teeth and tusks of mammals is ...
by Jean Puiforcat
Jean Elysée Puiforcat (pronounced ''pwee-for-KAH'') (5 August 1897 – 20 October 1945) was a French silversmith, sculptor and designer. ''Miller's Antiques Encyclopedia'' calls Puiforcat the "most important French Art Deco silversmith."
Life ...
(1922) Metropolitan Museum
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
File:Soup Tureen MET DP265126.jpg, Soup tureen, silver and gold by Jean Puiforcat
Jean Elysée Puiforcat (pronounced ''pwee-for-KAH'') (5 August 1897 – 20 October 1945) was a French silversmith, sculptor and designer. ''Miller's Antiques Encyclopedia'' calls Puiforcat the "most important French Art Deco silversmith."
Life ...
(1937), Metropolitan Museum
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
Glass Art
The domain of Art Deco glass art in Paris was dominated by
René Lalique
René Jules Lalique (6 April 1860 – 1 May 1945) was a French jeweller, medallist, and glass designer known for his creations of glass art, perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks, and automobile hood ornaments.
Life
Lalique's ...
, who had first made his reputation at the 1900 Paris Exposition, when he was the first jeweler use glass in jewelry. Besides table glassware, he designed a wide variety of glass art objects, both practical and decorative, including glass hood ornaments for luxury automobiles. His major projects included decorating the dining room of the ocean liner ''Paris'' (1920), making table service for the French President (1922), and an illuminated glass fountain in a central position at the 1925 Paris Exposition of Decorative Arts. Beginning in 1925 he modified his style from floral fantasies to more geometric and simpler designs. In the 1930s he decorated the dining room of the ocean liner .
File:'Oiseau de Feu' made by René Lalique, Dayton Art Institute.JPG, ''Firebird'' by René Lalique
René Jules Lalique (6 April 1860 – 1 May 1945) was a French jeweller, medallist, and glass designer known for his creations of glass art, perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks, and automobile hood ornaments.
Life
Lalique's ...
(1922) (Dayton Art Institute
The Dayton Art Institute (DAI) is a museum of fine arts in Dayton, Ohio, United States. The Dayton Art Institute has been rated one of the top 10 best art museums in the United States for children. The museum also ranks in the top 3% of all art mus ...
)
File:René lalique, vaso ronde d'amours et feuillage, francia 1930.JPG, Lalique vase with female figures (1930) ( Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris)
File:Belt buckle MET 1983.113.7.jpg, Lalique belt buckle (1932) (Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
)
File:Lalique Hood ornament.jpg, Greyound hood ornament by René Lalique
René Jules Lalique (6 April 1860 – 1 May 1945) was a French jeweller, medallist, and glass designer known for his creations of glass art, perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks, and automobile hood ornaments.
Life
Lalique's ...
(1935) (Baltimore Museum of Art
The Baltimore Museum of Art (BMA) in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, is an art museum that was founded in 1914. The BMA's collection of 95,000 objects encompasses more than 1,000 works by Henri Matisse anchored by the Cone Collection of ...
)
File:Maurice marinot, coppe e vasi, 1931 ca. 01.jpg, Cup and vase by Maurice Marinot (1932)
Decorative objects
File:Cigarette Case MET DP291212.jpg, Cigarette case of snakeskin and gold by Pierre Legrain (1925) (Metropolitan Museum)
File:Cigarette Case MET DP291206.jpg, Cigarette case of leather and gold leaf by Pierre Legrain (1922) (Metropolitan Museum)
File:Art Deco watch, cigarette cases and pillbox (1926-30).jpg, Art Deco watch, cigarette cases, and pillbox made by the Paris firm of Chaumet (1926–30) (Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris)
File:Art Deco buckle (1925).jpg, Boucheron
Boucheron () is a French luxury jewellery and watches house located in Paris, 26 Place Vendôme, owned by Kering.
History
At the origins
The House of Boucheron is a French family dynasty founded by Frederic Boucheron in 1858, with the opening ...
(1925), a gold buckle set with diamonds and carved onyx, lapis lazuli, jade, and coral (Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris)
File:Gaston Suisse Boîte carrée.jpg, Gaston Suisse, Chinese lacquer square box circa1929
Sculpture
Art Deco sculpture was by definition and function decorative, usually placed on the facades or in close proximity to buildings in the style to complement them. Some Paris sculptors, such as
Antoine Bourdelle
Antoine Bourdelle (30 October 1861 – 1 October 1929), born Émile Antoine Bordelles, was an influential and prolific French sculptor and teacher. He was a student of Auguste Rodin, a teacher of Giacometti and Henri Matisse, and an important fi ...
, created both Deco sculpture and more traditional gallery or monumental pieces. Bourdelle was the first major Art Deco sculptor, for the friezes and other works he created to decorate the
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
, though much of his other work of the time was more traditional sculpture.
Demétre Chiparus
Demétre Haralamb Chiparus (16 September 1886 – 22 January 1947) was a Romanian Art Deco era sculptor who lived and worked in Paris, France. He was one of the most important sculptors of the Art Deco era.
Life
Demétre Chiparus, born as Dumit ...
, born in Romania, became one of the most successful Deco sculptors in Paris, and showed his work regularly at the Salon des Artistes Français between 1914 and 1928. He specialized in small statuettes called ''chryselephantines'', depicting women with face and hands made of ivory clad in costumes of bronze. He depicted dancers, acrobats, and other exotic figures.
Monumental sculpture complemented the facade and parvis of the
Palais de Chaillot
The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th ''arrondissement'' of Paris, France.
For the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) ...
of the 1937 Paris Exposition, including a statue of "The Fruit" by
Félix-Alexandre Desruelles
Félix-Alexandre Desruelles was a French sculptor who was born in Valenciennes in 1865. He was runner up for the Prix de Rome in 1891, won the Prix national des Salons in 1897 and a Gold Medal at l' Exposition Universelle in 1900. He died in La ...
at the
Palais de Chaillot
The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th ''arrondissement'' of Paris, France.
For the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) ...
(1937)
File:Antoine Bourdelle, 1910-12, Apollon et sa méditation entourée des neuf muses, bas-relief, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris DSC09314.jpg, ''Apollo and the Muses'', a bas-relief for the facade of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
(1910–1912)
File:Antoine Bourdelle, ca.1922, Monument La France, H. 9 m, bronze, Hohwiller founder, erected 18 June 1948, Palais de Tokyo, Paris.jpg, ''La France'' by Antoine Bourdelle
Antoine Bourdelle (30 October 1861 – 1 October 1929), born Émile Antoine Bordelles, was an influential and prolific French sculptor and teacher. He was a student of Auguste Rodin, a teacher of Giacometti and Henri Matisse, and an important fi ...
(1922)
File:Palais de Chaillot-Sculpture exterieur-DSC 2346w.jpg, ''The Fruit'' by Félix-Alexandre Desruelles
Félix-Alexandre Desruelles was a French sculptor who was born in Valenciennes in 1865. He was runner up for the Prix de Rome in 1891, won the Prix national des Salons in 1897 and a Gold Medal at l' Exposition Universelle in 1900. He died in La ...
at the Palais de Chaillot
The Palais de Chaillot () is a building at the top of the in the Trocadéro area in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, 16th ''arrondissement'' of Paris, France.
For the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (1937) ...
(1937)
File:Art Deco Sculpture.jpg, ''Tanara'' by Demétre Chiparus
Demétre Haralamb Chiparus (16 September 1886 – 22 January 1947) was a Romanian Art Deco era sculptor who lived and worked in Paris, France. He was one of the most important sculptors of the Art Deco era.
Life
Demétre Chiparus, born as Dumit ...
File:Les girls.jpg, ''Les Girls'' by Demétre Chiparus
Demétre Haralamb Chiparus (16 September 1886 – 22 January 1947) was a Romanian Art Deco era sculptor who lived and worked in Paris, France. He was one of the most important sculptors of the Art Deco era.
Life
Demétre Chiparus, born as Dumit ...
, of bronze and ivory, on a quartz and marble base (1920s) Art Deco Museum in Moscow
Murals
File:Maurice denis, modello per la decorazione interna della cupola del teatro degli champs-elysées, 1911-12, 03.JPG, Model by Maurice Denis
Maurice Denis (; 25 November 1870 – 13 November 1943) was a French painter, decorative artist, and writer. An important figure in the transitional period between impressionism and modern art, he is associated with '' Les Nabis'', symbolism, a ...
for the mural inside the dome of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
(1911–1912)
File:Entrée du Théâtre National de Chaillot.jpg, Murals in the entrance of the Théâtre national de Chaillot
The Théâtre National de Chaillot (English: Chaillot National Theatre) is a theatre located in the Palais de Chaillot at 1, place du Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. Close by the Eiffel Tower and the Trocadéro Gardens—the Th ...
(1937)
Posters and graphic arts
The graphic arts, particularly fashion magazine covers and illustrations, played an important role in popularizing the style, as posters had earlier done for the
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...
. Major illustrators included
Paul Iribe
Paul Iribe (8 June 1883 – 21 September 1935) was a French illustrator and designer in the decorative arts. He worked in Hollywood during the 1920s and was Coco Chanel's lover from 1931 to his death.
Early life and career
Joseph Paul Iribe was b ...
and Georges Lepape, whose fashion illustrations for ''
Vogue
Vogue may refer to:
Business
* ''Vogue'' (magazine), a US fashion magazine
** British ''Vogue'', a British fashion magazine
** ''Vogue Arabia'', an Arab fashion magazine
** ''Vogue Australia'', an Australian fashion magazine
** ''Vogue China'', ...
'' magazine helped popularize the designs of
Paul Poiret
Paul Poiret (20 April 1879 – 30 April 1944, Paris, France) was a French fashion designer, a master couturier during the first two decades of the 20th century. He was the founder of his namesake haute couture house.
Early life and care ...
. Lepape's illustrations were also a major feature of the fashion magazine ''Gazette de Bon Ton''. Reproduced in the United States, the French fashion illustrations created a great demand for the new French styles. Lepape also designed costumes and sets for the theater and ballet. It is also the inspiration in official emblem of the
2024 Summer Olympics
The 2024 Summer Olympics (french: Jeux olympiques d'été de 2024), officially the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad (french: Jeux de la XXXIIIe Olympiade, links=no) and also known as Paris 2024, is an upcoming international multi-sport event that is s ...
and
2024 Summer Paralympics
The 2024 Paralympic Games, Summer Paralympics (french: Jeux paralympiques d'été de 2024), commonly known as the Games of the XVII Paralympiad, and commonly known as Paris 2024, is an upcoming international Multi-sport event, multi-sport paraspo ...
in Paris.
File:Iribe Les Robes de Paul Poiret p.17.jpg, Fashion illustration of designs of Paul Poiret by Paul Iribe
Paul Iribe (8 June 1883 – 21 September 1935) was a French illustrator and designer in the decorative arts. He worked in Hollywood during the 1920s and was Coco Chanel's lover from 1931 to his death.
Early life and career
Joseph Paul Iribe was b ...
(1908)
File:Poiret1912.jpg, Illustration of Poiret fashion by Paul Iribe
Paul Iribe (8 June 1883 – 21 September 1935) was a French illustrator and designer in the decorative arts. He worked in Hollywood during the 1920s and was Coco Chanel's lover from 1931 to his death.
Early life and career
Joseph Paul Iribe was b ...
(1912)
File:Vanity Fair cover by Georges Lepape 1919.jpg, Cover of ''Vanity Fair'' by Georges Lepape (1919)
File:Moulin Rouge Music-Hall.jpg, Moulin Rouge
Moulin Rouge (, ; ) is a cabaret in Paris, on Boulevard de Clichy, at Place Blanche, the intersection of, and terminus of Rue Blanche.
In 1889, the Moulin Rouge was co-founded by Charles Zidler and Joseph Oller, who also owned the Olympia (P ...
program by Charles Gesmar (1925)
File:Paris-Expo-1937-carte postale-00.jpg, Postcard packet from the 1937 Paris Exposition
Art Deco in Paris museums
The following museums in Paris have notable collections of Art Deco furniture and decorative items.
*
Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris
*
Musée d'Orsay
The Musée d'Orsay ( , , ) ( en, Orsay Museum) is a museum in Paris, France, on the Left Bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, a Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art ...
*
Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris
Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris (, Paris' Museum of Modern Art) or MAM Paris, is a major municipal museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art of the 20th and 21st centuries, including monumental murals by Raoul Dufy, Gaston Suisse, and Henri ...
(Palais de Tokyo) - Art Deco Room
*
Musée des Années Trente
The Musée des Années Trente (Museum of the 1930s) is a municipal museum specializing in the fine arts, decorative arts, and industrial arts of the 1930s. It is located in the Espace Landowski at 28, Avenue André-Morizet, Boulogne-Billancourt, a ...
in the western Paris suburb of
Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine, ) is a wealthy and prestigious Communes of France, commune in the Parisian area, located from its Kilometre zero, centre. It is a Subprefectures in ...
, Station
Marcel Sembat (Paris Métro)
Marcel Sembat () is a station of the Paris Métro. It is named after the nearby place Marcel Sembat which was named after the journalist Marcel Sembat (1862–1922) who was a director of the socialist review ''La'' ''Petite République'' from 189 ...
Line Nine
Notes and citations
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*Alastair Duncan (1992). Art Deco Furniture: The French Designers.Thames and Hudson
*Alastair Duncan (1988). The Encyclopedia of Art Deco. Headline book
*Rodney and Diana Capstick-Dale (2016). Art Deco Collectibles, fashionable objets from the jazz age, Thames & Hudson, {{ISBN, 0500518319
Art Deco