An arsinide, arsanide, dihydridoarsenate(1−) or arsanyl compound is a chemical derivative of

arsine Arsine (IUPAC name: arsane) is an inorganic compound with the formula As H3. This flammable, pyrophoric, and highly toxic pnictogen hydride gas is one of the simplest compounds of arsenic. Despite its lethality, it finds some applications in th ...

, where one hydrogen atom is replaced with a metal or

cation An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convent ...

. The arsinide ion has formula . It can be considered as a ligand with name arsenido. Researchers are unenthusiastic about studying arsanyl compounds, because of the toxic chemicals, and their instability. The IUPAC names are arsanide and dihydridoarsenate(1−). For the ligand the name is arsanido. The neutral – group is termed arsanyl.

Formation

Alkali metal The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, ''natrium'' and ''kalium''; these are still the origins of the names ...

arsinides can form by bubbling arsine through a

liquid ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous wast ...

solution of alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or alkaline earth metal such as calcium. Arsinides are also formed when arsine reacts with thin layers of alkali metals. The arsine may reduce some compounds to metals, so for example an attempt to make an indium arsinide results in metallic indium.

Reactions

When heated, metal hydrogen arsinide and metal dihydrogen arsinide compounds lose hydrogen to become a metal arsenide: : With lithium dihydrogen arsinide , it can also lose

to become dilithium hydrogen arsinide : : These reactions take place even at room temperature, and result in a discolouration of the original chemical. Sodium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with alkyl halides RX (where X = F, Cl, Br, I, and R is alkyl) to make dialkylarsine . Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with alkyl halides to make trialkylarsine . Sodium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with

diethyl carbonate Diethyl carbonate (sometimes abbreviated DEC) is an ester of carbonic acid and ethanol with the formula OC(OCH2CH3)2. At room temperature (25 °C) diethyl carbonate is a colorless liquid with a low flash point. Diethyl carbonate is used as ...

to yield the 2-arsaethynolate ion, (analogous with cyanate ion) which can be crystallised with the sodium ion and

18-crown-6 18-Crown-6 is an organic compound with the formula 2H4O and the IUPAC name of 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline solid with a low melting point. Like other crown ethers, 18-crown-6 functions as a li ...

. Arsinides react with water to yield arsine : : Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with

halobenzene In organic chemistry, an aryl halide (also known as haloarene) is an aromatic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms, directly bonded to an aromatic ring are replaced by a halide. The haloarene are different from haloalkanes because they exhi ...

s , where X = Cl, Br, I ( chlorobenzene ,

bromobenzene Bromobenzene is an aryl halide, C6H5Br. It is a colourless liquid although older samples can appear yellow. It is a reagent in organic synthesis. Synthesis and reactions Bromobenzene is prepared by the action of bromine on benzene in the presen ...

iodobenzene Iodobenzene is an organoiodine compound consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one iodine atom. It is useful as a synthetic intermediate in organic chemistry. It is a volatile colorless liquid, although aged samples appear yellowish. Prepa ...

) to produce

benzene Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, ...

, tetraphenyldiarsine and

triphenylarsine Triphenylarsine is the chemical compound with the formula As(C6H5)3. This organoarsenic compound, often abbreviated As Ph3, is a colorless crystalline solid that is used as a ligand and a reagent in coordination chemistry and organic synthesis. The ...

. Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with a silyl halide, e.g. chlorosilane , producing trisilylarsine. Potassium dihydrogen arsinide reacts with and a crown ether resulting in .

List

Arsenic may be substituted by organic or other groups which can then also produce ions, for example potassium methyl arsinide (K⁺CH₃AsH⁻), or by Si(CH₃)₃. The doubly bonded ligand =AsH (or AsH²⁻) is called arsinidene.

References

{{Reflist Arsenic compounds Anions Hydrides

Formation

Reactions

List

Related

References