''Arrhenia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

in the family

Hygrophoraceae The Hygrophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Originally conceived as containing white-spored, thick-gilled agarics (gilled mushrooms), including '' Hygrophorus'' and ''Hygrocybe'' species (the waxcaps or waxy caps), DNA evi ...

. ''Arrhenia'' also includes species formerly placed in the genera ''Leptoglossum'' and ''Phaeotellus'' and the

lectotype In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the ...

species itself has an unusual growth form that would not normally be called

agaric An agaric () is a type of fungus fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. In the UK, agarics are called "mushrooms ...

oid. All of the species grow in association with photosynthetic

cryptogam A cryptogam (scientific name Cryptogamae) is a plant (in the wide sense of the word) or a plant-like organism that reproduces by spores, without flowers or seeds. The name ''Cryptogamae'' () means "hidden reproduction", referring to the fact ...

s such as

moss Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hor ...

es, including

peat moss ''Sphagnum'' is a genus of approximately 380 accepted species of mosses, commonly known as sphagnum moss, peat moss, also bog moss and quacker moss (although that term is also sometimes used for peat). Accumulations of ''Sphagnum'' can store wa ...

, and

alga Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mi ...

scums on decaying wood, and soil crusts consisting of mixes of such organisms. Typically the fruitbodies of ''Arrhenia'' species are grey to black or blackish brown, being pigmented by incrusting melanized

pigment A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compo ...

s on the

hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or ...

Etymology

''Arrhenia'' was named for the Swedish

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

Johan Peter Arrhenius Johan * Johan (given name) * Johan (film), ''Johan'' (film), a 1921 Swedish film directed by Mauritz Stiller * Johan (band), a Dutch pop-group ** Johan (album), ''Johan'' (album), a 1996 album by the group * Johan Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunav ...

Species

Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ...

accepts 50 species of ''Arrhenia'': *'' A. acerosa'' (Fr.) Kühner 1980 – Europe *'' A. alnetorum'' (Singer) Redhead 1984 *'' A. andina'' (Corner) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. antarctica'' (Singer) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Antarctica; South Georgia *'' A. auriscalpium'' (Fr.) Fr. 1849 – Antarctica *'' A. australis'' (Cleland) Grgur. 1997 *'' A. baeospora'' (Singer) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Great Britain *'' A. chilensis'' (Mont.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. chlorocyanea'' (Pat.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Europe; North America *'' A. cupuliformis'' Henn. 1895 *'' A. discorosea'' (Pilát) Zvyagina, Alexandrova & Bulyonkova 2015 *'' A. eburnea'' Barrasa & V.J.Rico 2003 *'' A. elegans'' (Pers.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. epichysium'' (Pers.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Great Britain *'' A. fissa'' (Leyss.) Redhead 1984 *'' A. glauca'' (Batsch) Bon & Courtec. 1987 *'' A. griseopallida'' (Desm.) Watling 1989 – Great Britain *'' A. hohensis'' (A.H.Sm.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. latispora'' (J.Favre) Bon & Courtec. 1987 *'' A. lobata'' (Pers.) Kühner & Lamoure ex Redhead 1984 – Europe *'' A. lundellii'' (Pilát) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. luteopallida'' (Kuyper & Hauskn.) Barrasa & V.J.Rico 2003 *'' A. obatra'' (J.Favre) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Europe *'' A. obscurata'' (D.A.Reid) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Great Britain *'' A. omnivora'' (Agerer) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Antarctica *'' A. onisca'' (Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Europe *'' A. parvivelutina'' (Clémençon & Irlet) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. pauxilla'' (Clémençon) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. peltigerina'' (Peck) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Great Britain *'' A. philonotis'' (Lasch) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Great Britain *'' A. pubescentipes'' (H.E.Bigelow) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. rainierensis'' (H.E.Bigelow) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. retiruga'' (Bull.) Redhead 1984 – Europe *'' A. rickenii'' (Hora) Watling 1989 – Europe *'' A. rigidipes'' (Lamoure) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. rustica'' (Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Europe *'' A. salina'' (Høil.) Bon & Courtec. 1987 *'' A. spathulata'' (Fr.) Redhead 1984 – Europe *'' A. sphaerospora'' (Lamoure) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. sphagnicola'' (Berk.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Europe *'' A. stercoraria'' (Barrasa, Esteve-Rav. & Sánchez Nieto) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. subandina'' (Singer) P.M.Kirk 2014 *'' A. subglobispora'' (G.Moreno, Heykoop & E.Horak) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. subobscura'' (Singer) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. tabaresiana'' (Vila & Llimona) Vila 2009 *'' A. trigonospora'' (Lamoure) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. umbratillis'' (Fr.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Great Britain *'' A. velutipes'' (P.D.Orton) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 – Great Britain *'' A. violaceoviridis'' (Courtec.) Courtec. 2008 *'' A. viridimammata'' (Pilát) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002 *'' A. volkertii'' (Murrill) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys 2002

References

External links

''A. auriscalpium''''A. epichysium'' labelled ''Omphalina epichysium''''A. lobata''''A. rickenii''''A. spathulata''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q356413 Agaricales genera Lichen genera Hygrophoraceae Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries Taxa described in 1849

Etymology

Species

See also

References

External links